Training Manual Application of Genetics and Biotechnology in ...
Training Manual Application of Genetics and Biotechnology in ...
Training Manual Application of Genetics and Biotechnology in ...
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additional selection criterion. The genetically improved Salmon had improved feed<br />
efficiency, early sexual maturity <strong>and</strong> the <strong>in</strong>creased growth rate is ma<strong>in</strong>ly due to a<br />
much higher feed <strong>in</strong>take per kg body weight. (Gjedrem et a1 2002).<br />
The genetically improved stra<strong>in</strong> GIFT (Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia)<br />
is an important example as to how genetic improvement can contribute to meet the<br />
prote<strong>in</strong> requirement <strong>of</strong> the people <strong>in</strong> five Asian countries such as Philipp<strong>in</strong>es,<br />
Bangladesh, Vietnam, Thail<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Fiji Isl<strong>and</strong>s. The genetic ga<strong>in</strong> for growth rate <strong>in</strong><br />
the GIFT project per generation across five generations <strong>of</strong> selection has been <strong>in</strong> the<br />
range <strong>of</strong> 12-17%. Produ~tion trials <strong>and</strong> socio-economic surveys <strong>in</strong> these countries<br />
revealed that the cost <strong>of</strong> production per unit <strong>of</strong> fish produced is 20-30% lower for the<br />
GIFT stra<strong>in</strong> than for the other Nile stra<strong>in</strong>s.(Gjedrem et a2 2002).<br />
The AKVAFORSK is collaborat<strong>in</strong>g with the Columbian Government <strong>in</strong> a<br />
genetic improvement project <strong>in</strong> the Pacific White Shrimp- Litopenaeus vannamei. A<br />
breed<strong>in</strong>g programme has been established for growth <strong>and</strong> White Spot Disease<br />
Resistance.<br />
Gitterle, (2005) reported that select<strong>in</strong>g for growth <strong>in</strong> Pacific White Shrimp will cause<br />
a positive correlated response on overall survival. He also reported low genotrpe x<br />
farm <strong>in</strong>teraction for both traits. Resistance to WSSV <strong>and</strong> harvest weight is under<br />
additive genetic control <strong>and</strong> thus would respond to selection.<br />
In India, an Indo-Norwegian Collaborative project has been started <strong>in</strong> June<br />
2004 on 'Genetic Improvement <strong>of</strong> Penaeus monodon (Tiger Shrimp) Through<br />
Selection for Growth <strong>and</strong> White Spot Disease Resistance'. The collaborat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Institutions are Central Institute <strong>of</strong> Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chemai, Central<br />
Institute <strong>of</strong> Fisheries Education, Mumbai <strong>and</strong> Institute <strong>of</strong> Aquaculture Research<br />
(AKVAFORSK) Norway. This project envisages the rear<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> 50 full-sib families <strong>of</strong><br />
Tiger Shrimp, obta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g data on growth rate as well as WSSV disease resistance.<br />
Tagg<strong>in</strong>g is accomplished by Visible Implant Elastomer tags. The challenge tests are<br />
conducted with <strong>in</strong>dividuals represented from each family. The survival data is<br />
recorded <strong>and</strong> analysed along with the growth trait. The experiment is progress<strong>in</strong>g at<br />
CIBA, Chennai.<br />
There has been considerable <strong>in</strong>terest <strong>in</strong> 'Transgenic' fishes <strong>and</strong> shellfish. In<br />
transgenesis, the fisNshellfish is modified genetically by <strong>in</strong>troduc<strong>in</strong>g a gene taken<br />
from some other source. This results <strong>in</strong> a geneticalb modzj?ed organism or GMO. As