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educing unhealthy behaviors, and preventing injury. In October 2010,
the Task Force on Community Preventive Services (Task Force) examined
the evidence available on the effectiveness of these interventions
in producing intended behavioral changes and developed recommendations
regarding use. Methods developed at the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) were used to identify and evaluate
the available evidence. A systematic review of the literature was
undertaken and data abstracted from studies that fit our definition.
Results from studies were summarized and findings were translated
into conclusions on effectiveness. Interventions Products distributed
in the interventions reviewed included child safety seats, condoms,
pedometers, helmets, sun-protection products and over-the-counter
nicotine-replacement therapy (OTC-NRT) products. Partnerships
the conceptual framework and conduct of this systematic review was
informed by a diverse team of subject matter experts in social marketing,
health communication and health literacy. This team operated
under the direction of the Task Force, an independent, nonfederal,
volunteer, group of public health and prevention experts. Results: Our
search identified 23 studies published between 1980 and 2009 that met
criteria. Seventeen of these studies provided measurements of behavior
change in the form of a rate, and observed an overall absolute median
percentage point improvement of 8.4 pct pts (IQI: 2.7, 14.5) in the
proportion of people engaging in a healthful product-related behavior.
Evidence included studies of child safety seats (median improvement
in use: 8.6 pct pts; 3 studies), condom use (median improvement: 4.0
pct pts; 4 studies), and use of OTC-NRT (median improvement: 10.0
pct pts; 3 studies). Conclusion: According to Community Guide rules
of evidence, the Task Force recommends these interventions based on
strong evidence on effectiveness. In addition, the available evidence
on effectiveness suggests that these interventions should be applicable
across demographic groups when they are appropriately selected and
targeted. Future studies should include: 1) important intervention
details, such as methods used to develop the campaigns, 2) characteristics
of the targeted populations and, 3) information on costs of these
interventions.
The “Have a Heart” Campaign: Protecting people with Diabetes
from Secondhand Smoke
David Tompkins, BS, New Mexico Department of Health
The NM Tobacco Use Prevention and Control Program (TUPAC) has
partnered with the NM Diabetes Prevention and Control Program
(DPCP) because research points to a detrimental link between
secondhand smoke and diabetes. Efforts focus on Native Americans
living in New Mexico, as 14% of Native Americans in New Mexico are
living with diabetes and the state’s clean indoor air law does not apply
to reservations. TUPAC and DPCP can’t directly lobby for any specific
law, but can provide education that can support changes in public
policy and norms. The programs believe they can be most successful
in this effort by raising awareness with a community-by-community
approach. Each tribe/pueblo is at a different place in terms of understanding
and caring about the dangers of secondhand smoke. By
coupling secondhand smoke with diabetes, a subject they understand
to a greater degree, we believe we can increase support for clean indoor
air protections in tribal communities. The objective of the project is
to raise awareness and community concern about the critical link
between secondhand smoke and diabetes in a way that is culturally
relevant and can be tailored to individual Native American communities.
The “Have a Heart” campaign was developed by TUPAC and
DPCP as an integration project to maximize resources. Collaborating
partners include the Southwest Tribal Tobacco Coalition, Black Hills
Center for American Indian Health, New Mexico Diabetes Advisory
Council, Navajo Nation Special Diabetes Project, and the Southwest
Navajo Tobacco Education Prevention Project. “Have a Heart” pin
cards are being distributed throughout the Navajo Nation to educate
people about the importance of clean indoor air for people living with
diabetes. Attached to the card, which features artwork by a Navajo
artist, is a heart-shaped pin. The message on the card encourages
people to wear the pin to “show support and respect for people living
with diabetes while reminding others to do their part to keep the
air clear of secondhand cigarette smoke.” The “Have a Heart” campaign
is directed at friends and families of Navajo people living with
diabetes. The campaign is currently tailored to the Navajo Nation. The
campaign will later be expanded into other Native communities and
will be tailored to each individual group’s unique culture. Anecdotal
feedback regarding the developmental process and audience reception
will be shared in the presentation. Current observations indicate
that public awareness of the heightened vulnerability of people with
diabetes to commercial tobacco smoke has increased.
Public Education Resources to Increase Hispanic Men’s
Participation in Colorectal Cancer Screening as Recommended by
the Guide to Community Preventive Services
Jennifer Pieters, BS, MPH, CHES, CDC/Division of Cancer
Prevention & Control
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause
of cancer-related death. Screening can prevent CRC death by early
detection of the disease and identification and removal of polyps
before they develop into cancer. CRC screening has remained underutilized
with Hispanics having the lowest adherence to colorectal
cancer screening at 49.8% compared to Whites at 63.9% and Blacks
at 62%. The Community Guide recommends five interventions
to increase colorectal cancer screening rates or remove barriers to
screening (client reminders, small media, reducing structural barriers,
provider assessment and feedback, and provider reminders).
Hypothesis: There are limited resources available targeting minority
populations to assist with improving CRC screening rates as recommended
by the Community Guide. Barriers to screening differ by
gender and ethnicity, therefore interventions specific to Hispanic men
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SOPHE-NACDD 2011 Joint Academy and Midyear Scientific Meeting