Sample Chapter 10 from the Textbook (35559.0K) - McGraw-Hill

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Sternocleidomastoid Deltoid Pectoralis major Trapezius Deltoid Sternocleidomastoid Biceps brachii Serratus anterior Biceps brachii Pectoralis major Serratus anterior (b) Anterior view Teres major and latissimus dorsi (c) Anterior view FIGURE 10.21 (continued) (b) Right pectoral region of a cadaver. (c) Surface anatomy of the right anterior pectoral region. (Names of the upper limb muscles are in bold.) Levator scapulae Rhomboideus minor Rhomboideus major Trapezius Infraspinatus Rotator cuff Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Subscapularis (anterior to scapula and seen in figure 10.23) Teres minor Teres major Latissimus dorsi Deltoid Teres minor Teres major Triceps brachii Latissimus dorsi Twelfth thoracic vertebra (b) Posterior view External abdominal oblique Trapezius Deltoid Infraspinatus Teres minor Teres major (a) Posterior view FIGURE 10.22 Posterior Muscles Attaching the Upper Limb to the Body (a) Posterior view of muscles of the left posterior pectoral region. (b) Posterior view of a cadaver. (c) Surface anatomy. (Names of muscles for upper limb attachment are in bold.) Triceps brachii Latissimus dorsi (c) Posterior view 338
cHAPTeR 10 Muscular System 339 Clinical IMPaCT Shoulder Pain and Torn Rotator cuff baseball pitchers, because they throw very hard, may tear their rotator cuffs. Such tears result in pain in the anterosuperior part of the shoulder. Older people may also develop such pain because of degenerative tendinitis of the rotator cuff. The supraspinatus tendon is the most commonly affected part of the rotator cuff in either trauma or degeneration, probably because it has a relatively poor blood supply. If the damage is severe, surgery is required to repair the area. During surgery, the loose tissue debris is removed, and the scapula is shaved or smoothed to make more room for the supraspinatus tendon. Finally, the torn edges of the supraspinatus tendon are sewn together and to the top of the humerus. Pain in the shoulder can also result from subacromial bursitis, which is inflammation of the subacromial bursa. Biceps tendinitis, inflammation of the biceps brachii long head tendon, can also cause shoulder pain. This inflammation is also commonly caused by throwing a baseball or football. FiGuRe 10.23 Right Rotator cuff Muscles (Muscle names are in bold.) Forearm Movements Extension and Flexion of the Elbow Extension of the elbow is accomplished by the triceps brachii (brā′kē-ī) and the anconeus (ang-kō′nē-ŭs); flexion of the elbow is accomplished by the brachialis (brā′-kē-al′is), the biceps brachii, and the brachioradialis (brā′kē-ō-rā′dē-al′is; table 10.16; figure 10.24; see figure10.26a). The triceps brachii constitutes the main mass visible on the posterior aspect of the arm (see figures 10.22c and 10.24c). The biceps brachii is readily visible on the anterior aspect of the arm (see figures 10.21c and 10.24d). The brachialis lies deep to the biceps brachii and can be seen only as a mass on the medial and lateral sides of the arm. The brachioradialis forms a bulge on the anterolateral side of the forearm just distal to the elbow (figures 10.24b and 10.25b,d). If the elbow is forcefully flexed in the midprone position (midway between pronation and supination), the brachioradialis stands out clearly on the forearm (figure 10.25d). Supination and Pronation Supination of the forearm and hand is accomplished by muscles acting on the forearm, the supinator and the biceps brachii (see figures 10.24, 10.25c, and 10.26b). Pronation is a function of the pronator quadratus (kwah-drā′tŭs) and the pronator teres (ter′ēz, tēr′-ēz; see figures 10.24a and 10.25a,c). Predict 5 explain the difference between doing chin-ups with the forearm supinated and doing them with it pronated. The action of which muscle predominates in each type of chin-up? Which type is easier? Why? Table 10.15 Summary of Muscle Actions on the Shoulder and Arm Flexion extension Abduction Adduction Medial Rotation Lateral Rotation Deltoid Deltoid Deltoid Pectoralis major Pectoralis major Deltoid Pectoralis major Teres major Supraspinatus latissimus dorsi Teres major Infraspinatus Coracobrachialis latissimus dorsi Teres major latissimus dorsi Teres minor biceps brachii Pectoralis major Teres minor Deltoid Triceps brachii Triceps brachii Subscapularis Coracobrachialis
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Page 7 and 8: FUNDaMeNTal Figure Sternocleidomast
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Page 21 and 22: FUNDaMeNTal Figure Splenius capitis
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Sample Chapter 10 from the Textbook (35559.0K) - McGraw-Hill

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