gospel truth by most settlers that in a "Free" society, where Afrikans would be faced with "competition" (their phrases) from whites, they as inferiors must perish. The comparison was usually made to the Indians-who "died out" as white farmers took their land, as whole villages were wiped out in unprovoked massacres, as hunger and disease overtook them, as they became debilitated with addiction to alcohol, as the survivors were simply driven off to concentration camps at gunpoint. Weren't free Afrikans losing their jobs already? And weren't there literally millions of new European farmers eager to take the farmland that Afrikans had lived on and developed? Nor was it just the right-wingers that looked forward to getting rid of "The Negro Problem" (as all whites referred to it). All tendencies of the Abolitionists contained not only those who defended the human rights of Afrikans, but also those who publicly or privately agreed that Afrikans must go. Gamaliel Bailey, editor of the major abolitionist journal National Era, promised his white readers that after slavery was ended all Afrikans would leave the U.S. The North's most prominent theologian, Rev. Horace Bushnell, wrote in 1839 that emancipation would be "one bright spot" to console Afrikans, who were "doomed to spin their brutish existence downward into extinction ..." That extinction, he told his followers, was only Divine Will, and all for the good. Rev. Theodore Parker was one of the leading spokesmen of radical abolitionism, one who helped finance John Brown's uprising at Harper's Ferry, and who afterwards defended him from the pulpit. Yet even Parker believed in an all-white Amerika; he firmly believed that: "The strong replaces the weak. Thus, the white man kills out the red man and the black man. When slavery is abolished the African population will decline in the United States, and die out of the South as out of Northampton and Lexington. "(22) While many settlers tried to hide their genocidal longings behind the fictions of "natural law" or "Divine Will", others were more honest in saying that it would happen because Euro-Amerikans were determined to make it happen. Thus, even during the Civil War, the House of Representatives issued a report on emancipation that strongly declared: "...the highest interests of the white race, whether Anglo-Saxon, Celt, or Scandinavian, require that the whole country should be held and occupied by these races alone." In other words, they saw no contradiction between emancipation and genocide. The leading economist George M. Weston wrote in 1857 that: "When the white artisans and farmers want the room which the African occupies, they will not take it by rude force, but by gentle and gradual and peaceful processes. The Negro will disappear, perhaps to regions more congenial to him, perhaps to regions where his labor can be more useful, perhaps by some process of colonization we may yet devise; but at all events he will disappear."(23) fought to reserve the new territories and states of the West for Europeans only. This was the main forerunner of the Republican party of 1854, the first settler political party whose platform was the defeat of the "Slave Power". The Republican Party itself strongly reflected this ideology of an all-White Amerika. Although most of its leaders supported limited civil rights for Afrikans, they did so only in the context of the temporary need for Empire to treat its subjects humanely. Sen. William Seward of New York was the leading Republican spokesman before the Civil War (during which he served as Lincoln's Secretary of State). In his famous Detroit speech during the 1860 campaign, he said: "The great fact is now fully realized that the African race here is a foreign and feeble element, like the Indian incapable of assimilation.. ." Both would, he promised his fellow settlers, "altogether disappear. " Lincoln himself said over and over again during his entire political career that all Afrikans would eventually have to disappear from North America. The theme of Afrikan genocide runs like a dark thread, now hidden and now visible in the violent weaving of the future, throughout settler political thought of that day. It should be remembered that while most Northern settlers opposed Afrikan slavery for these reasons by the 1860's, even after the Civil War settlers promoted Indian, Mexicano and Chinese enslavement when it was useful to colonize the Southwest and West. One settler account of the Apache-U.S. wars in the Southwest reveals the use of slavery as a tool of genocide: "More than anything else, it was probably the incessant kidnapping and enslavement of their women and children that gave Apaches their mad-dog enmity toward the whites ... It was officially estimated that 2,000 Indian slaves were held by the white people of New Mexico and Arizona in 1866, after 20 years of American rule - unofficial estimates placed the figure several times higher ... 'Get them back for us,' Apaches begged an Army officer in 1871, referring to 29 children just stolen by citizens of Arizona; 'our little boys will grow up slaves, and our little girls, as soon as they are large enough, will be diseased prostitutes, to get money for whoever owns them.. .' Prostitution of captured Apache girls, of which much mention is made in the 1860's and 1870's, seemed to trouble the Apaches exceedingly. "(24) So that at the same time that the U.S. was supposedly ending slavery and "Emancipating" Afrikans, the U.S. Empire was using slavery of the most barbaric kind in order to genocidally destroy the Apache. It was colonial rule and genocide that were primary. National political movements were formed by settlers to bring this day about. The Colonization movement, embodied in the American Colonization Society, organized hundreds of local chapters to press for national legislation whereby Afrikans would be removed to new colonies in Afrika, the West Indies or Central America. U.S. Presidents from Monroe in'1817 to Lincoln in 1860 endorsed the society, and the semi-colony of Liberia was started as a trial. Much larger was the Free Soil Party, which 30
3. White Labor Against the Oppressed The great democratic issues of that time could only dangerous concentrations of Afrikans in the metropolitan grow out of this intense, seething nexus of Empire and col- centers. ony, of oppressor nation and oppressed nations. Nothing took place that was not a factor on the battleground of Frederick Douglass said in 1855: "Every hour sees Empire and oppressed. Nothing. Everyone was caught up us elbowed out of some employment to make room in the war, however dimly they understood their own posi- perhaps for some newly arrived immigrants, whose hunger tion. The new millions of immigrant European workers and color are thought to give them a title to especial favor. were desperately needed by the Empire. By 1860 half of the White men are becoming house-servants, cooks and populations of New York, Chicago, Pittsburgh and St. stewarts, common laborers and flunkeys to our gentry ..." Louis were new immigrant Europeans. These rein- The Philadelphia newspaper Colored American said as forcements were immediately useful in new offensives early as 1838 that free Afrikans "have ceased to be against the Indian, Afrikan and Mexicano peoples. While hackney coachmen and draymen*, and they are now the settler economy was still absolutely dependent upon the almost displaced as stevedores. They are rapidly losing forced labor. of the Afrikan proletariat (cotton alone ac- ---- --- .- counted for almost 60% of U.S. export earnings in 1860), *carriers-those who hauled goods around the city for a the new reinforcements provided the means to reverse the 31 fee.
- Page 2 and 3: The minority puts a dogmatic view i
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Millions of settlers believed that
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President Roosvelt privately said i
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importantly, to break up the rising
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colored men whom they could guarant
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practiced segregation on a broad sc
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VIII. IMPERIALIST WAR & THE NEW AME
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This remarkable editorial was accur
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Japan would be forced into a "fairl
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tler reunification. The stormy conf
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Afrikans and Asians on the West Coa
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strategy to its limits, the U.S. Em
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I t I In 1921 the African Blood Bro
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secretly organizing in Tallapoosa C
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Negro is the goat of the STFU. " Al
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The support movement took many form
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These agricultural workers paid $8.
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the whole Afrikan population within
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with a Negro World was five years a
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"(5) The U.N.I.A. is chiefly compos
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ming themselves and preparing to ta
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workers would have to wear an arm b
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strike down the Afrikan Nation - an
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Asians or Chicano-Mexicanos or Afri
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and resisters. But this popular cur
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who had once started it. In the ear
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activists, former Communist members
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Campos. Afterwards, Foster wrote a
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Toure related this to the fact that
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XII. THE GLOBAL PLANTATION 1. The P
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presidents..five secretaries did th
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The maquilas do not constitute any
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The shortfall only exists because a
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For Every Party, There's a Morning
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While there are numbers of Euro-Ame
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suming things and owning things, no
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estricted crafts rose at a rate 3 t
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collection, swimming pools, better
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children. For them the flavor is so
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XIV. TACTICAL & STRATEGIC The settl
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Since Afrikan miners were perhaps 2
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man, would ask of you to dispel1 ai
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Coal From South Africa Apartheid in
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Besides, he continued, to be overly
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INTRODUCTION 1. AU references to di
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26. ROGER W. SHUGG. Origins of Clas
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162-166. 16. FRANCIS PERKINS. The R
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6. New York Times. September 18, 19
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BALTIMORE, APRIL, 1968 - I'm not go