Handbook Part 2 - International Mycological Association
Handbook Part 2 - International Mycological Association
Handbook Part 2 - International Mycological Association
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PS7-587-0109<br />
A qualitative investigation on tea garden air fungal pollution in the north of Iran, Gilan Province Estern Region<br />
Arash Chaichi Nosraty, Leila Modiri, Alireza Khosravi, Seid Abdol Mirhosseini Moghaddam, Mohammad Reza Majid<br />
Khsoshkholgh Pahlaviani, Sied Amir Taghi Shokr Gozar, Vahid Koochaki<br />
Lahijan Azad University, Lahijan, Gilan, Iran<br />
Fungi Are Obiquitous And Infact Account For At Least 25% Of The Earth’s Biomass So Abundant In Many Area Or<br />
Spaces Serving Optimum Temprature And Humidity .Fungi Have Long Been Know To Affect Human Life Status In<br />
Various Efforts Including Soil Habitation, Plant / Animal Parasitism And Food / Drink Decaying, With Possible<br />
Concomitant Production Of Mycotoxins, Tissue Infections And Immune Stimulation Or Combat .Ecologic Microbiota Of<br />
Fungi Can Grow In Initial Area Even The Region May Play More Improtant Role Than Climatic Forces Such As Seasonal<br />
Fluctuations On Fungal Flora .It Must Be Pointed Out That Outdoor Fungi Concentrations Are In Relation To Indoor<br />
Counts But In Different Genera So The Taxa Identified Is Much More Important Than The Absolute Number Of Colony –<br />
Forming Units .Occupational And Environmental Health Professionals Are Confronted With Issues Concerning<br />
Bioaerosol Harmness Regarding Investigation Both Indoor And Outdoor Fungi In Complaint And NonComplaint Area<br />
.In This Respect Totally 62 Regional Typical Tea Gardens Dust Bioaerosols Were Sampelified And 1005 Mold Colonies<br />
Were Isolated Due To Driect Microscopy And Culture – Based Inspective Conventional Mycologic Methods , During<br />
May To August 2005. Finaly 26 Different Genera Of Habitate Fungi Were Collected And Confirmed From 194<br />
Conducted Plates. Of Defined Geographic Location , This Is The Largest Study Of Air Borne Outdoor Fungal Species<br />
With Rutine Protocol To Date . Related To Nouniformity Of Any Specific Guide Lines Measuring Outdoor Environmental<br />
Fungi And Determine Potentially Outcoming Deseases Due To Exposure Making Interpretation Of Existing Data Difficult<br />
, Air Testing Methodology Must Be Expanded And Evaluated .To Build A Model To Clarify Determinants Of Airborne<br />
Fungal Populations And Health Assessment In Public Area Within A Defined Geographic Location And Labor,<br />
Additional Studies Are Needed To Document Any Suspected Relations Prospectivly As Well As Retrospectivly.<br />
PS7-588-0114<br />
Ligninolytic enzyme production in Pleurotus ostreatus depending on the medium composition and<br />
cultivation conditions<br />
M. Stajic1, J. Vukojevic 1, S.P. Wasser 2, E. Nevo 2, S. Duletic-Lausevic 1<br />
1 Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, Yugoslavia, 2 Institute of Evolution<br />
University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel<br />
Pleurotus ostreatus is an edible and medicinal species that belongs to the group of white rot fungi due to its ability to<br />
produce extracellular ligninolytic enzymes (laccase, Mn dependent peroxidase, versatile peroxidase, and aryl-alcohol<br />
oxidase), and modify and degrade lignin. P. ostreatus is commercially cultivated on different lignocellulosic materials<br />
such as sawdust, paper products, and most agricultural wastes that are produced in enormous amounts worldwide.<br />
The purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources, and raw plant<br />
materials under conditions of submerged fermentation and solid-state fermentation, on the laccase and peroxidases<br />
production in P. ostreatus.<br />
The influence of 7 inorganic (carboxymethyl-cellulose sodium salt, cellulose, glucose, maltose, D-mannitol, D-gluconic<br />
acid sodium salt, and xylan) and two organic carbon sources (grapevine sawdust and mandarine peels) under<br />
submerged and solid-state fermentation conditions was studied. Effect of 5 inorganic (ammonium chloride,<br />
ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate monobasic, ammonium sulfate, and potassium nitrate) and three organic<br />
(bacteriological peptone, casein acid hydrolysate vitamin free, and corn step liquor) nitrogen sources was studied by<br />
their addition to the medium with optimal carbon source under optimal cultivation conditions. Enzymes activities were<br />
determined spectrophotometrically, by syringaldazine for laccase and phenol red for peroxidases.<br />
Laccase was produced under both studied conditions using all of the investigated carbon and nitrogen sources, while<br />
significant peroxidases production occurred only in solid-state fermentation. The highest levels of laccase, Mn<br />
depended peroxidase and versatile peroxidase activities were found in solid-state fermentation of grapevine sawdust<br />
(378,24 U/l; 4,77 U/l; 6,33 U/l).<br />
After purification of extracellular crude enzyme mixture of P. ostreatus which was grown under solid-state fermentation<br />
conditions with grapevine sawdust, three laccase peaks (14 U/l, 124 U/l, 873 U/l) and two peaks of activity against<br />
phenol red in presence and absence of external Mn2+, respectively (12.6 U/l and 4.4 U/l) were revealed.<br />
In the medium with the best carbon source for enzymes production (grapevine sawdust) peptone and ammonium<br />
chloride were the optimal nitrogen sources for laccase synthesis (466.2 U/l and 501 U/l). The peak of activity against<br />
phenol red in presence of external Mn2+ was found in the medium with peptone and ammonium nitrate (59,1 U/l and<br />
53,5 U/l), while the peak of activity in absence of external Mn2+ was with casein acid hydrolysate vitamin free and<br />
potassium nitrate (17,0 U/l and 16,3 U/l).<br />
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