Handbook Part 2 - International Mycological Association

PS7-587-0109
A qualitative investigation on tea garden air fungal pollution in the north of Iran, Gilan Province Estern Region
Arash Chaichi Nosraty, Leila Modiri, Alireza Khosravi, Seid Abdol Mirhosseini Moghaddam, Mohammad Reza Majid
Khsoshkholgh Pahlaviani, Sied Amir Taghi Shokr Gozar, Vahid Koochaki
Lahijan Azad University, Lahijan, Gilan, Iran
Fungi Are Obiquitous And Infact Account For At Least 25% Of The Earth’s Biomass So Abundant In Many Area Or
Spaces Serving Optimum Temprature And Humidity .Fungi Have Long Been Know To Affect Human Life Status In
Various Efforts Including Soil Habitation, Plant / Animal Parasitism And Food / Drink Decaying, With Possible
Concomitant Production Of Mycotoxins, Tissue Infections And Immune Stimulation Or Combat .Ecologic Microbiota Of
Fungi Can Grow In Initial Area Even The Region May Play More Improtant Role Than Climatic Forces Such As Seasonal
Fluctuations On Fungal Flora .It Must Be Pointed Out That Outdoor Fungi Concentrations Are In Relation To Indoor
Counts But In Different Genera So The Taxa Identified Is Much More Important Than The Absolute Number Of Colony –
Forming Units .Occupational And Environmental Health Professionals Are Confronted With Issues Concerning
Bioaerosol Harmness Regarding Investigation Both Indoor And Outdoor Fungi In Complaint And NonComplaint Area
.In This Respect Totally 62 Regional Typical Tea Gardens Dust Bioaerosols Were Sampelified And 1005 Mold Colonies
Were Isolated Due To Driect Microscopy And Culture – Based Inspective Conventional Mycologic Methods , During
May To August 2005. Finaly 26 Different Genera Of Habitate Fungi Were Collected And Confirmed From 194
Conducted Plates. Of Defined Geographic Location , This Is The Largest Study Of Air Borne Outdoor Fungal Species
With Rutine Protocol To Date . Related To Nouniformity Of Any Specific Guide Lines Measuring Outdoor Environmental
Fungi And Determine Potentially Outcoming Deseases Due To Exposure Making Interpretation Of Existing Data Difficult
, Air Testing Methodology Must Be Expanded And Evaluated .To Build A Model To Clarify Determinants Of Airborne
Fungal Populations And Health Assessment In Public Area Within A Defined Geographic Location And Labor,
Additional Studies Are Needed To Document Any Suspected Relations Prospectivly As Well As Retrospectivly.
PS7-588-0114
Ligninolytic enzyme production in Pleurotus ostreatus depending on the medium composition and
cultivation conditions
M. Stajic1, J. Vukojevic 1, S.P. Wasser 2, E. Nevo 2, S. Duletic-Lausevic 1
1 Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, Yugoslavia, 2 Institute of Evolution
University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
Pleurotus ostreatus is an edible and medicinal species that belongs to the group of white rot fungi due to its ability to
produce extracellular ligninolytic enzymes (laccase, Mn dependent peroxidase, versatile peroxidase, and aryl-alcohol
oxidase), and modify and degrade lignin. P. ostreatus is commercially cultivated on different lignocellulosic materials
such as sawdust, paper products, and most agricultural wastes that are produced in enormous amounts worldwide.
The purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources, and raw plant
materials under conditions of submerged fermentation and solid-state fermentation, on the laccase and peroxidases
production in P. ostreatus.
The influence of 7 inorganic (carboxymethyl-cellulose sodium salt, cellulose, glucose, maltose, D-mannitol, D-gluconic
acid sodium salt, and xylan) and two organic carbon sources (grapevine sawdust and mandarine peels) under
submerged and solid-state fermentation conditions was studied. Effect of 5 inorganic (ammonium chloride,
ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate monobasic, ammonium sulfate, and potassium nitrate) and three organic
(bacteriological peptone, casein acid hydrolysate vitamin free, and corn step liquor) nitrogen sources was studied by
their addition to the medium with optimal carbon source under optimal cultivation conditions. Enzymes activities were
determined spectrophotometrically, by syringaldazine for laccase and phenol red for peroxidases.
Laccase was produced under both studied conditions using all of the investigated carbon and nitrogen sources, while
significant peroxidases production occurred only in solid-state fermentation. The highest levels of laccase, Mn
depended peroxidase and versatile peroxidase activities were found in solid-state fermentation of grapevine sawdust
(378,24 U/l; 4,77 U/l; 6,33 U/l).
After purification of extracellular crude enzyme mixture of P. ostreatus which was grown under solid-state fermentation
conditions with grapevine sawdust, three laccase peaks (14 U/l, 124 U/l, 873 U/l) and two peaks of activity against
phenol red in presence and absence of external Mn2+, respectively (12.6 U/l and 4.4 U/l) were revealed.
In the medium with the best carbon source for enzymes production (grapevine sawdust) peptone and ammonium
chloride were the optimal nitrogen sources for laccase synthesis (466.2 U/l and 501 U/l). The peak of activity against
phenol red in presence of external Mn2+ was found in the medium with peptone and ammonium nitrate (59,1 U/l and
53,5 U/l), while the peak of activity in absence of external Mn2+ was with casein acid hydrolysate vitamin free and
potassium nitrate (17,0 U/l and 16,3 U/l).
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