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A-PDF Merger DEMO : Purchase from www.A-PDF.com to remove the watermark Section XIV : Plant Sciences 1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINETY EIGHTH SESSION OF THE INDIAN SCIENCE CONGRESS CHENNAI, 2011 PART II : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lecture SECTION OF PLANT SCIENCES President : Prof. T. N. Lakhanpal INVITED LECTURES 1. Bio Inoculants in Sustainable Agriculture D. J. Bagyaraj Center for Natural Biological Resources and Community Development (CNBRCD), 41 RBI Colony, Anand Nagar, Bangalore-560 024 Keywords : Microbes, inoculants, modulation, bacteria Microbial inoculats play an important role in sustainable agriculture. Biofertilizers and biocontrol agents are the common inoculants used. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are three major plant nutrients. Use of chemicals is not
2 Proc. 98th Indian Science Congress, Part II : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lecture only deleterious to environment, but injurious to human and soil health. Under these circumstances, alternate sources for fertilizers are looked for. Biofertilizers are preparations containing micro-organisms, in sufficient numbers helping plant growth and nutrition. Nitrogen abundantly present in the atmosphere is fixed by bacteria, living freely in soil or in symbiosis with plants. Legume nodulating bacteria living in symbiosis with legumes are known to fix atmospheric nitrogen up to 100 kg N/ha/ season. Azorhizobium caulinodans forms stem nodules in the green manure plant Sesbania rostrata. The green manure plant is incorporated into the field before transplanting rice. There are certain bacteria, which enter the cells of the host and form associative symbiosis and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Extensive studies have been made on Azospirillum, which not only fixes atmospheric nitrogen, but produce growth promoting substances. There are a large number of free living soil bacteria, which are known to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Azotobacter is one bacterium on which extensive studies have been carried out. Cyanobacteria are also known to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Tropical soils are deficient in phosphorus. Further, most of them fix P and thus, make it unavailable for plant growth. There are some fungi and bacteria which can solubilize unavailable form of P to available form. There are certain fungi, which form symbiotic association with the roots of plants and help in the uptake of phosphorus. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonize roots of several crop plants, important in agriculture, horticulture and tropical forestry. At present there is also considerable interest in the potassium mobilizing bacterium Frateuria aurantia. A number of micro-organisms are also used to biologically control insect pests and soil-borne plant pathogens. Especially in developing countries, microbial inoculants are a boon to farmer. 2. Curiosities in Fungi C. Manoharachary Dept. of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500007, AP Keywords : Fungi, marvels, curiosities, dispersal Fungi are achlorophyllous organisms and multiply in/on diversified habitats. The shape, size, colour, reproduction, physiology, biochemistry and genetics among
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