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A-PDF Merger DEMO : Purchase from www.A-PDF.com to remove the watermark Section XIV : Plant Sciences 3 98 th <strong>India</strong>n Science Congress January 3-7, 2011, Chennai II ABSTRACTS OF PLATINUM JUBILEE LECTURE
A-PDF Merger DEMO : Purchase from www.A-PDF.com to remove the watermark PLATINUM JUBILEE LECTURE Biotechnology of Endophytic Fungi : Inorganic Nanomaterials and Drugs Absar Ahmad Biochemical Sciences Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008 (M. S) One of the important challenges of considerable topical significance in nanotechnology is the development of eco-friendly experimental processes for the economical synthesis of nanomaterials in large quantities of variable size, shape and chemical composition. While it is recognized that some of the most exquisite nanomaterials are made by biological systems (examples include silica in diatoms and magnetite in magnetotactic bacteria), the potential to exploit microorganisms in a creative manner in the laboratory for eco-friendly synthesis of nanomaterials is still largely under-exploited. In this presentation, we describe our research into the use of plant microorganisms and plant extracts in the synthesis of metal, metal sulfide and oxide nanoparticles. In a significant departure from bacteria-based methods for nanomaterial synthesis that have been investigated in some detail, we have shown that plant microorganisms such as fungi and actinomycetes when challenged with aqueous metal ions are capable of reducing the ions both intra and extra-cellularly resulting in the formation of stable metal nanoparticles. The formation of metal nanoparticles occurs by an enzymatic process and thus, the fungus-based synthesis process is not limited to reduction reactions alone. The versatility of this approach is underlined by our findings that enzymes such as sulphite reductase, nitrate reductase and hydrolyzing proteins are secreted by the fungi in response to metal stress thereby leading to the possibility of synthesis of quantum dots, metal nanoparticles and nanooxides. The biosynthesis of nanooxides using fungi is exciting since the synthesis occurs at room temperature and thus could be of considerable commercial value. Fungi enjoy a close symbiotic relationship with plants and hence, it is quite likely that plant extracts may also possess useful biomolecules that not only carry
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