brought under the dominican republic - central america - ita

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Tribunal does not consider that the procedures envisaged by CAFTA Article 20.4 and still less CAFTA Article 18.3 amount to the exercise of diplomatic protection by a CAFTA Party. 4.88. The Tribunal accepts the reasoning in Costa Rica‟s Submission, based on Article 1 of the ILC Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection (2006) describing diplomatic protection as “the invocation by a State, through diplomatic action or other means of peaceful settlement, of the responsibility of another State for an injury caused by an internationally wrongful act of that State to a natural or legal person that is a national of the former State with a view to the implementation of such responsibility”. Article 16 of the ILC Draft Articles distinguishes between such diplomatic protection and other actions and procedures; namely: “The rights of States …. to resort under international law to actions or procedures other than diplomatic protection to secure redress for injury suffered as a result of an internationally wrongful act.” The Tribunal also notes a similar distinction between diplomatic protection under ICSID Article 27(1) and “informal diplomatic exchanges for the sole purpose of facilitating a settlement of a dispute” under ICSID Article 27(2). 4.89. In the Tribunal‟s view, the two CAFTA procedures envisaged by CAFTA Articles 18.3 and 20.4 fall short of diplomatic protection under international law (whatever may be the consular practice of a CAFTA Party, including the USA). Accordingly, the Tribunal rejects the Claimant‟s submission based on ICSID Article 27(1). 4.90. As regards ICSID Article 25(1), the Tribunal accepts the Respondent‟s submission to the effect that the Respondent‟s consent to ICSID Arbitration in CAFTA Article 10.16.3(a) is necessarily qualified from the outset by CAFTA Article 10.12.2. It is not possible for the Tribunal to arrive at any different interpretation without distorting the meaning of Article 10.12.2, contrary to the applicable rules for treaty interpretation under international law. Accordingly, a CAFTA Party‟s denial of benefits invoked after the commencement of an ICSID arbitration cannot be treated as the unilateral withdrawal of that Party‟s consent to ICSID arbitration under ICSID Article 25(1). Part 4 - Page 25
4.91. It follows that this third condition is met by the Respondent under CAFTA Article 10.12.2. 4.92. Decisions: Accordingly, for these several reasons above, the Tribunal decides that as from 3 August 2010 the Respondent has established under CAFTA to the required standard and burden of proof, as a matter of fact and international law, that the Claimant as an investor and its investments in El Salvador can receive no benefits from Part 10 of CAFTA upon which the Claimant‟s CAFTA claims necessarily depend; and accordingly that the Centre (ICSID) and this Tribunal can have no jurisdiction or other competence in respect of any such CAFTA claims. This decision regarding the Denial of Benefits issue, however, does not affect the Claimant‟s other Non-CAFTA claims, as next explained by the Tribunal below, in Part 5 of this Decision. Part 4 - Page 26
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IN THE MATTER OF AN ARBITRATION BEF
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One-Time Acts .....................
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Glossary of Defined Terms “CAFTA
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African Holding Company of America,
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Waste Management, Inc. v. United Me
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1.4. Prior to 2 March 2012, the Cla
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C: The Tribunal’s Decision of 2 A
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1.23. The Respondent: The Responden
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under cover of a letter also dated
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G: The Parties’ Claims for Relief
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c. Piercing the corporate veil (Mem
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H: The Jurisdictional Issues 1.46.
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(02) CAFTA 1.4. CAFTA Article 10.1:
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2. At least 90 days before submitti
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measure alleged to constitute a bre
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(03) The ICSID Convention 1.13. ICS
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(5) ILC Articles on State Responsib
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proof or the Claimant‟s allegatio
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2.11. Burden of Proof: As far as th
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2.19. In presenting this main objec
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precedented regulatory obstacles de
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2.32. In its Post-Hearing Submissio
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SID Convention, nor relates to a
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But on the other side, an internati
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for such disputes would constitute,
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scribed in its early pleadings form
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2.65. The Tribunal considers that t
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vestment (which by themselves are n
Page 57 and 58: minated; nothing more could have be
Page 59 and 60: to arbitrarily change or add new re
Page 61 and 62: 2.86. Accordingly, treating the rel
Page 63 and 64: 2.93. The Tribunal notes that this
Page 65 and 66: ability and not merely as a possibl
Page 67 and 68: 2.105. Having reached these several
Page 69 and 70: Tribunal‟s jurisdiction to determ
Page 71 and 72: 3.5. The Respondent also submits th
Page 73 and 74: cause there was only one applicatio
Page 75 and 76: leged de facto ban on mining was no
Page 77 and 78: Claimant, it came to light only in
Page 79 and 80: that led to the revocation should b
Page 81 and 82: for the purpose of deciding the Rat
Page 83 and 84: distinction made in the Commerce Gr
Page 85 and 86: EMELEC v. Ecuador (under the USA-Ec
Page 87 and 88: would qualify for treaty protection
Page 89 and 90: 4.17. (iii) Timeliness: The Respond
Page 91 and 92: the Respondent submits, to require
Page 93 and 94: ditiously resolved” (paragraph l)
Page 95 and 96: provided the Respondent with its No
Page 97 and 98: 4.44. The Claimant contends further
Page 99 and 100: lomatic protection within the meani
Page 101 and 102: Party [i.e. as the host State] whic
Page 103 and 104: there were and are certain activiti
Page 105 and 106: 4.74. It will be recalled that the
Page 107: der different arbitration rules, th
Page 111 and 112: Convention. 145 In the Respondent
Page 113 and 114: further express requirement of havi
Page 115 and 116: Legislativa was fully aware that th
Page 117 and 118: made before and after the Claimant
Page 119 and 120: 5.33. As established by the Interna
Page 121 and 122: 5.40. As also summarized above, the
Page 123 and 124: Government had always treated the C
Page 125 and 126: PART 6: ISSUE E - LEGAL AND ARBITRA
Page 127 and 128: 6.10. The Claimant submits that, un
Page 129 and 130: tion ratione temporis (i.e. the con
Page 131 and 132: Party to also put in a witness stat
Page 133 and 134: ture arbitration proceedings. Indee
Page 135 and 136: this arbitration with the least exp
Page 137 and 138: abused the Tribunal's indulgence in
Page 139 and 140: avoided; but, instead, the Responde
Page 141 and 142: “a U.S. investor organized under
Page 143 and 144: The Respondent acknowledges, of cou
Page 145 and 146: Claimant submits that under the cir
Page 147 and 148: ment in the communications with the
Page 149 and 150: 6.76. The Claimant submits that the
Page 151 and 152: PART 7: THE OPERATIVE PART 7.1. For
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