brought under the dominican republic - central america - ita
brought under the dominican republic - central america - ita
brought under the dominican republic - central america - ita
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Tribunal does not consider that <strong>the</strong> procedures envisaged by CAFTA Article 20.4<br />
and still less CAFTA Article 18.3 amount to <strong>the</strong> exercise of diplomatic protection by<br />
a CAFTA Party.<br />
4.88. The Tribunal accepts <strong>the</strong> reasoning in Costa Rica‟s Submission, based on Article 1<br />
of <strong>the</strong> ILC Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection (2006) describing diplomatic<br />
protection as “<strong>the</strong> invocation by a State, through diplomatic action or o<strong>the</strong>r means of<br />
peaceful settlement, of <strong>the</strong> responsibility of ano<strong>the</strong>r State for an injury caused by an<br />
internationally wrongful act of that State to a natural or legal person that is a national<br />
of <strong>the</strong> former State with a view to <strong>the</strong> implementation of such responsibility”. Article<br />
16 of <strong>the</strong> ILC Draft Articles distinguishes between such diplomatic protection and<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r actions and procedures; namely: “The rights of States …. to resort <strong>under</strong> international<br />
law to actions or procedures o<strong>the</strong>r than diplomatic protection to secure redress<br />
for injury suffered as a result of an internationally wrongful act.” The Tribunal<br />
also notes a similar distinction between diplomatic protection <strong>under</strong> ICSID Article<br />
27(1) and “informal diplomatic exchanges for <strong>the</strong> sole purpose of facil<strong>ita</strong>ting a settlement<br />
of a dispute” <strong>under</strong> ICSID Article 27(2).<br />
4.89. In <strong>the</strong> Tribunal‟s view, <strong>the</strong> two CAFTA procedures envisaged by CAFTA Articles<br />
18.3 and 20.4 fall short of diplomatic protection <strong>under</strong> international law (whatever<br />
may be <strong>the</strong> consular practice of a CAFTA Party, including <strong>the</strong> USA). Accordingly,<br />
<strong>the</strong> Tribunal rejects <strong>the</strong> Claimant‟s submission based on ICSID Article 27(1).<br />
4.90. As regards ICSID Article 25(1), <strong>the</strong> Tribunal accepts <strong>the</strong> Respondent‟s submission<br />
to <strong>the</strong> effect that <strong>the</strong> Respondent‟s consent to ICSID Arbitration in CAFTA Article<br />
10.16.3(a) is necessarily qualified from <strong>the</strong> outset by CAFTA Article 10.12.2. It is<br />
not possible for <strong>the</strong> Tribunal to arrive at any different interpretation without distorting<br />
<strong>the</strong> meaning of Article 10.12.2, contrary to <strong>the</strong> applicable rules for treaty interpretation<br />
<strong>under</strong> international law. Accordingly, a CAFTA Party‟s denial of benefits<br />
invoked after <strong>the</strong> commencement of an ICSID arbitration cannot be treated as <strong>the</strong><br />
unilateral withdrawal of that Party‟s consent to ICSID arbitration <strong>under</strong> ICSID Article<br />
25(1).<br />
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