Disaster Recovery and the Road Ahead - IGNOU

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created by natural disasters, but are the result of interaction between political, economic and social forces, frequently stemming from bad governance, failed economic policies and inappropriate development programmes. RRD continuum must take into view all these realities and conditionalities. It is also important to introduce gender analysis into the RRD response, so as to avoid further marginalization of women and the other disadvantaged groups. A gender-sensitive approach helps to identify differing vulnerabilities of men and women to crises as well as their different (and ever-changing) capacities and coping strategies. Vulnerability is a key concept, and may be determined by membership of a particular ethnic or social group. Two other issues need to be considered: The first is the institutional separation of relief and development, which exists within most donor organizations. Different criteria and procedures are applied to sustainability, funding and implementation arrangements. The international response to chronic crises in particular may risk reflecting the organizational and political priorities of implementing agencies, rather than the needs of disasteraffected populations, and the vulnerability of those threatened by disasters. The second issue is financial. Over time, the relief expenditure of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member states has increased multifold at a time when overall aid programmes are tending to stagnate or even decline. For all the above reasons, it is high time that we reconsidered our approach to LRRD, and examined the ways in which its impact and effectiveness could be improved. The new perspective that is gaining relevance pertains to convergence of relief, rehabilitation and development. The basic premise for Linking of Relief and Rehabilitation with Development (LRRD) holds the key to future strategies towards disaster rehabilitation. The development policy often ignores the risks of disasters and the need to protect vulnerable households by helping them to develop appropriate ‘coping strategies’. If relief and development were to be linked, these deficiencies could be reduced. A comprehensive longterm recovery plan should keep Source: NDMA Annual Reports into view the interlinkages between all the stages of disaster management, as well as the ‘connect’ between disaster rehabilitation, reconstruction and larger developmental planning. The analysis of the LRRD problem makes it clear that the approach to economic, political and social development in the developing countries should be more holistic than it has been until now. At all the phases of their development, and not merely when a crisis is imminent. There is a need 55
for a strategic planning policy, which comprises political, developmental, social and technical aspects. This global policy framework should include: ‘Conflict Prevention’ and ‘Peace Building’, which must be intrinsic elements of development cooperation strategies Disaster prevention and vulnerability analyses, which should be taken into account in development planning and operations Relief actions, which should take into account the long-term objectives of reconstruction and development, besides the primary objective of keeping the number of casualties low; and Rehabilitation action for countries in a post-emergency phase, which should be undertaken so as to ensure the most effective transition from emergency assistance to long-term development. These interconnections are the backbone of disaster management. DID YOU KNOW? The success stories in India are few yet noteworthy. The endeavours such as greening of Arvari River in Alwar (Rajasthan), rejuvenation of Sukhha Lake in Chandigarh, and Build Your Own Check Dam in Saurashtra have been initiated by community groups and non-governmental organizations. These need to be woven coherently in order to build a strong knowledge base for disaster rehabilitation. The Narmada Bachao Andolan in India successfully drew attention to the travails of Project Affected People (PAP). It brought to light the reckless development and rehabilitation policies by focusing on issues such as non-compliance with rules, violation of human rights, and hardships of the poor. Such initiatives need to be given due attention. Let us now recapitulate the role of PRIs and ULBs like you, which we have learnt in the different Booklets of this Manual. This will give you an idea about the specificities of your tasks, with regard to disaster management. Your role pertains to the tasks assigned in the 11 th and 12 th Constitutional Schedules. You would have noticed that many of these tasks are either directly or indirectly related to disaster management. Some tasks you may take up yourself, and some you may facilitate in your area. We have enlisted some of them for you: 2.4 DISASTER MANAGEMENT MANDATE FOR THE PRIs AND ULBs IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL SCHEDULES Role of PRIs Source: Panchayati Raj in India/indiacurrentaffarirs.org 56
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TRAINING MANUAL BOOKLET 4 Disaster
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The Indira Gandhi National Open Uni
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TRAINING MANUAL BOOKLET 4 Disaster
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Training Manuals ar
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Page 25 and 26: Building Materials and Technology P
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Page 67 and 68: of water Periodic checking of leak
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