Disaster Recovery and the Road Ahead - IGNOU
Disaster Recovery and the Road Ahead - IGNOU Disaster Recovery and the Road Ahead - IGNOU
Generation of innovative ideas/solutions Higher levels of motivation Cost-effective decision making Optimum utilization of local resources Faster communication Participatory decision making at local levels Effective and speedy monitoring and evaluation Lesser dependence on governmental and non-governmental bodies Involvement of all classes and strata of community in problem solving DID YOU KNOW? COMMUNITY AWARENESS leads to COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION which results in CAPACITY BUILDING culminating in COMMUNITY RESILIENCE EXERCISE 2 MAKE A LIST OF THE WAYS THROUGH WHICH YOU PLAN TO INVOLVE COMMUNITY IN DISASTER RECOVERY 1.4 DAMAGE ASSESSMENT FOR REHABILITATION Damage assessment is a precondition to effective disaster rehabilitation. You should have an idea of the extent and intensity of damage to plan out, implement and evaluate disaster recovery programmes. Sample Surveys, Epidemiological Surveillance, and Nutrition Centred Health Assessment are three pertinent ways to ascertain the extent of damage at the disaster recovery level. 1.4.1 Sample Surveys Source: Disaster Evacuation/Google Images There are different types of sample surveys, which can be used for assessment of damage to facilitate disaster recovery. 25
Types of Sample Surveys Sample Method Usage Advantages Disadvantages Simple Random Sample Nutritional Assessment House Damage Survey Health Surveys Sampling error can be estimated Interviews are dispersed and full list is rare Need Surveys Systematic Sample Nutritional Assessment Damage Assessment Casualty Estimates Needs Surveys Convenient to administer Biased sample due to coinciding of sampling list with sampling interval Health Surveys Cluster Sample Damage Assessment Nutritional Assessment Needs Surveys Decreased Costs Useful when all is not known about target population Not useful when target population is too familiar Multi-Stage Cluster or Area Sample Survey Damage Assessment Nutritional Assessment Needs Assessment Lower Costs Lower Error Useful when not much is known about target population. Higher error than simple random High Costs Stratified Sample Survey Impact Surveys Needs Survey Health Assessment Guarantees adequate representation of small groups Usually diminishes errors Sometimes requires weighing the responses Requires extensive data about target population Source: PGDDM Course, MPA-007, IGNOU 1.4.2 Epidemiological Surveillance (ES) ES procedures are aimed at detecting changes in disease occurrence. To detect an increase in the incidence of disease caused by a disaster, preemergency baseline data must be available. While changes over the pre-disaster norm may not be easy to detect, changes in relation to the baseline can be noted down. The three principles of ES are: Graphic 1 26
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Types of Sample Surveys<br />
Sample<br />
Method<br />
Usage Advantages Disadvantages<br />
Simple<br />
R<strong>and</strong>om<br />
Sample<br />
Nutritional Assessment<br />
House Damage Survey<br />
Health Surveys<br />
Sampling error can be<br />
estimated<br />
Interviews are<br />
dispersed <strong>and</strong> full<br />
list is rare<br />
Need Surveys<br />
Systematic<br />
Sample<br />
Nutritional Assessment<br />
Damage Assessment<br />
Casualty Estimates<br />
Needs Surveys<br />
Convenient to<br />
administer<br />
Biased sample due<br />
to coinciding of<br />
sampling list with<br />
sampling interval<br />
Health Surveys<br />
Cluster Sample<br />
Damage Assessment<br />
Nutritional Assessment<br />
Needs Surveys<br />
Decreased Costs<br />
Useful when all is not<br />
known about target<br />
population<br />
Not useful when<br />
target population is<br />
too familiar<br />
Multi-Stage<br />
Cluster or Area<br />
Sample Survey<br />
Damage Assessment<br />
Nutritional Assessment<br />
Needs Assessment<br />
Lower Costs<br />
Lower Error<br />
Useful when not much<br />
is known about target<br />
population.<br />
Higher error than<br />
simple r<strong>and</strong>om<br />
High Costs<br />
Stratified<br />
Sample Survey<br />
Impact Surveys<br />
Needs Survey<br />
Health Assessment<br />
Guarantees adequate<br />
representation of small<br />
groups<br />
Usually diminishes<br />
errors<br />
Sometimes requires<br />
weighing <strong>the</strong><br />
responses<br />
Requires extensive<br />
data about target<br />
population<br />
Source: PGDDM Course, MPA-007, <strong>IGNOU</strong><br />
1.4.2 Epidemiological Surveillance (ES)<br />
ES procedures are aimed at detecting changes in<br />
disease occurrence. To detect an increase in <strong>the</strong><br />
incidence of disease caused by a disaster, preemergency<br />
baseline data must be available. While<br />
changes over <strong>the</strong> pre-disaster norm may not be easy<br />
to detect, changes in relation to <strong>the</strong> baseline can be<br />
noted down. The three principles of ES are:<br />
Graphic 1<br />
26
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