Disaster Recovery and the Road Ahead - IGNOU
Disaster Recovery and the Road Ahead - IGNOU Disaster Recovery and the Road Ahead - IGNOU
SECTION I DISASTER RECOVERY ‘From sixes and sevens to cloud nine, is a slow but shiny silver line’. Thereby, rehabilitation is no one-time effort; it is a part of ongoing development process. (A Reconstructed Phrase) Disaster recovery is the most difficult and long-drawn disaster management phase. Rehabilitation, an integral part of disaster recovery; other being reconstruction, could be defined as an overall dynamic and intermediate strategy of institutional reform and reinforcement, reconstruction and improvement of infrastructure and services; aimed towards support to the initiatives and actions of the concerned populations in the political, economic and social domains, as well as reiteration of sustainable development. It involves three pertinent phases: Planning Implementing; and Ensuring sustainability Generally, rehabilitation package includes total reconstruction of damaged physical and psychological infrastructure, as well as economic and social rehabilitation of the people in the affected region. The rehabilitation package may be classified into: (a) (b) (c) (d) Housing and infrastructure redevelopment as physical rehabilitation Economic rehabilitation programmes Social rehabilitation structures and processes; and Stress management as a part of psychological rehabilitation 1.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF REHABILITATION The priorities in a situation of disaster rehabilitation are: Operationalization of emergency relief Mobilization of human and material resources comprising food security, construction of temporary shelters and other basic needs Rehabilitation of all the displaced people, restoration of basic and alternative means of livelihood along with community-based infrastructure and institutions; and Source: Disaster Rehabilitation/Google Images Initiation of long-term development interventions, which would lead to sustainable communitybased actions 9
The ‘ought to’s’ and ‘should be’s’ pertaining to rehabilitation always sound logical and coherent, as there is often a sense of clarity and unanimity on its concept. However, various studies on disaster aftermath project a chaotic picture of mismanagement and lack of coordination at the ground level. Rehabilitation and reconstruction programmes, thus, need to base themselves on a few guiding principles. To understand rehabilitation, you have to be very clear on its three specific types: 1. Physical Rehabilitation 2. Social Rehabilitation 3. Psychological Rehabilitation We will be discussing them in detail later in this Booklet. The economic, social and psychological requirements of the affected population would vary from one disaster-affected site to the other. Even within the same site, the satisfaction of one need or requirement would not result in the satisfaction of the other needs. For example, rehabilitation in terms of provision of houses for the displaced will not take away the psychological trauma of having lost the dear ones. This makes it necessary to design and implement the rehabilitation programme to cope with the specific aspects of the victim’s lives at all the stages of disaster rehabilitation. The three terms rehabilitation, reconstruction and recovery are often used interchangeably, but they aim to specifically meet the different types of objectives. Let us understand the nuanced difference between the three terms: Term Rehabilitation Reconstruction Recovery Meaning It is the process of assisting the disaster affected to gain control of their lives by improving their physical environment, social well-being and psychological limitations It is the process of rebuilding the destroyed physical structures in disaster affected areas to better the lives of the affected It is the process of healing the wounds of the affected in such a way that they are able to build resistance to future disasters. The process aims at establishing interlinkages with development programmes for long-term sustainability Principles of Planning for Rehabilitation Participatory Flexibility Standardization Empowerment 10
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The ‘ought to’s’ <strong>and</strong> ‘should be’s’ pertaining to rehabilitation always sound logical <strong>and</strong> coherent, as<br />
<strong>the</strong>re is often a sense of clarity <strong>and</strong> unanimity on its concept. However, various studies on disaster<br />
aftermath project a chaotic picture of mismanagement <strong>and</strong> lack of coordination at <strong>the</strong> ground level.<br />
Rehabilitation <strong>and</strong> reconstruction programmes, thus, need to base <strong>the</strong>mselves on a few guiding<br />
principles.<br />
To underst<strong>and</strong> rehabilitation, you have to be very clear on its three specific types:<br />
1. Physical Rehabilitation<br />
2. Social Rehabilitation<br />
3. Psychological Rehabilitation<br />
We will be discussing <strong>the</strong>m in detail later in this Booklet. The economic, social <strong>and</strong> psychological<br />
requirements of <strong>the</strong> affected population would vary from one disaster-affected site to <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r. Even<br />
within <strong>the</strong> same site, <strong>the</strong> satisfaction of one need or requirement would not result in <strong>the</strong> satisfaction<br />
of <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r needs. For example, rehabilitation in terms of provision of houses for <strong>the</strong> displaced will<br />
not take away <strong>the</strong> psychological trauma of having lost <strong>the</strong> dear ones. This makes it necessary to<br />
design <strong>and</strong> implement <strong>the</strong> rehabilitation programme to cope with <strong>the</strong> specific aspects of <strong>the</strong> victim’s<br />
lives at all <strong>the</strong> stages of disaster rehabilitation.<br />
The three terms rehabilitation, reconstruction <strong>and</strong> recovery are often used interchangeably, but <strong>the</strong>y<br />
aim to specifically meet <strong>the</strong> different types of objectives. Let us underst<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> nuanced difference<br />
between <strong>the</strong> three terms:<br />
Term<br />
Rehabilitation<br />
Reconstruction<br />
<strong>Recovery</strong><br />
Meaning<br />
It is <strong>the</strong> process of assisting <strong>the</strong> disaster affected to gain control of <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
lives by improving <strong>the</strong>ir physical environment, social well-being <strong>and</strong><br />
psychological limitations<br />
It is <strong>the</strong> process of rebuilding <strong>the</strong> destroyed physical structures in disaster<br />
affected areas to better <strong>the</strong> lives of <strong>the</strong> affected<br />
It is <strong>the</strong> process of healing <strong>the</strong> wounds of <strong>the</strong> affected in such a way that<br />
<strong>the</strong>y are able to build resistance to future disasters. The process aims at<br />
establishing interlinkages with development programmes for long-term<br />
sustainability<br />
Principles of Planning for Rehabilitation<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Participatory<br />
Flexibility<br />
St<strong>and</strong>ardization<br />
Empowerment<br />
10
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