An assessment of the causes of malnutrition in Ethiopia: A ...
An assessment of the causes of malnutrition in Ethiopia: A ... An assessment of the causes of malnutrition in Ethiopia: A ...
the other practices that need to be corrected if good health and nutritional status are to be assured. The status of women demands special attention from a nutritional standpoint. Among most ethnic groups, the status of women is low. This can be seen clearly in the intrahousehold division of labor, the allocation of food and resources within the household, the opportunities for schooling, and other functions. After marriage and giving birth, women frequently do not receive the necessary attention for the provision of their nutritional requirements. These social and cultural patterns and practices affecting women and children undermine the impact of any improvements in the basic causes of malnutrition 14 . They must be addressed in their own right if malnutrition is to be sustainably reduced in Ethiopia. 2.4. Key Implications of the Assessment of the Basic Determinants of Malnutrition The following are some of the key implications that emerge from an elaboration of the basic determinants of malnutrition in the Ethiopian context: • Priority actions and concomitant resource allocation by government must be undertaken to address the key basic determinants or causes of malnutrition in order to sustainably achieve nutrition security. • Identify key basic determinants of malnutrition, which are amenable to change through state actions. These might include: • Diversification of the range of goods and services exported. • Conservation and proper utilization of natural resources at the farm and community level through putting in place proper incentives. • Human resource development through literacy and skill development. • Household and community asset creation. • Adjustments to livelihood systems to make them more commercially oriented. • Recognizing and supporting individuals, households, and community leaders (mobilizers) as key actors in improving nutritional status outcomes. • Building stronger linkages and cross-sectoral actions and relationships among public agencies at federal, regional, woreda, and kebele levels (development agents and health facilitators) in order to improve nutrition in a coordinated manner across agencies and sectors. • Assessment of key sectoral policies and strategies in terms of their direct and indirect contributions towards alleviating malnutrition in Ethiopia. Such assessments should enable the development of mandates, authority, and responsibilities for sectors and agencies with regard to the actions needed to combat malnutrition. 14 Fasting days and the excessive number of non-working days spent in a month for the commemoration of saints and other holy days have definitive repercussions on the nutritional status of the community, particularly in rural Ethiopia. 30
2.5. Future Directions for the Development of a Sustainable National Nutrition Strategy • Identify the specific public goods to be provided by the government for the implementation of the National Nutrition Strategy. • Enhance the sustainable use of natural resources, human resources, infrastructure, and social capital to attain the objectives of the strategy. • Build inter-sectoral linkages and institute integrated planning of programs and projects that address poverty, education, health, sanitation, and nutritional status. • Identify the inter-relationships between the socio-economic aspects and the underlying determinants of malnutrition – household food security, maternal and child care, health services and sanitation. • Promote accountable and responsible public institutions. Foster good governance and a decentralization of decision-making processes on issues of primary relevance to households and communities, including nutrition programming. • Promote realistic and participatory development strategies and policies. • Better identify the linkages of cultural issues to malnutrition. 31
- Page 1: An assessment of the causes of maln
- Page 4 and 5: • Bantirgu Hailemariam coordinate
- Page 6 and 7: 3.4. National and Regional Trends:
- Page 8 and 9: LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Child stu
- Page 10: LIST OF ACRONYMS ADLI AGOA AIDS BCC
- Page 14 and 15: Figure 1.1: Stunting among children
- Page 16 and 17: these underlying determinants of th
- Page 18 and 19: experimental body of evidence that
- Page 20 and 21: water can have significant impact o
- Page 22 and 23: 2.1. Introduction In the early 1960
- Page 24 and 25: violating the basic tenets presente
- Page 26 and 27: Table 2.3: Regional profile of stun
- Page 28 and 29: A rich food through popularization
- Page 30 and 31: key tenet in the process of identif
- Page 32 and 33: Basic Causes Major Features High im
- Page 34 and 35: commodity trading is the most signi
- Page 36 and 37: Table 2.9: Gross primary enrollment
- Page 38 and 39: following and in alliance with the
- Page 40 and 41: • Accept that agricultural develo
- Page 45 and 46: CHAPTER 3: FOOD SECURITY AND MALNUT
- Page 47 and 48: Afar in 2000 was 12.6 percent and 5
- Page 49 and 50: 3.1. Introduction The economic grow
- Page 51 and 52: In a more technical way, it is diff
- Page 53 and 54: differently, it is important to acc
- Page 55 and 56: households will not be as difficult
- Page 57 and 58: the drought prone areas, the rain f
- Page 59 and 60: insecure, these activities will als
- Page 61 and 62: viewed as a proxy for household foo
- Page 63 and 64: Figure 3.3: Per capita food product
- Page 65 and 66: Intermediate means of transport suc
- Page 67 and 68: educated, environmentally conscious
- Page 69 and 70: 1995-96 revealed that ‘the greate
- Page 71 and 72: works are key instruments to lay do
- Page 73 and 74: due to inappropriate land mismanage
- Page 75 and 76: 3.6.3.5. HIV/AIDS This disease is w
- Page 77 and 78: coordinates the different implement
- Page 79 and 80: conception through early pregnancy
- Page 81 and 82: households who depend on purchased
- Page 83 and 84: • Improve rural radio infrastruct
- Page 85 and 86: 3.7.3.6. Improve rural market infra
- Page 87 and 88: CHAPTER 4: CARE AND MALNUTRITION IN
- Page 89 and 90: household allocation; 5) workload a
- Page 91 and 92: lack of national nutrition strategy
2.5. Future Directions for <strong>the</strong> Development <strong>of</strong> a Susta<strong>in</strong>able National Nutrition<br />
Strategy<br />
• Identify <strong>the</strong> specific public goods to be provided by <strong>the</strong> government for <strong>the</strong><br />
implementation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> National Nutrition Strategy.<br />
• Enhance <strong>the</strong> susta<strong>in</strong>able use <strong>of</strong> natural resources, human resources, <strong>in</strong>frastructure, and<br />
social capital to atta<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> objectives <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> strategy.<br />
• Build <strong>in</strong>ter-sectoral l<strong>in</strong>kages and <strong>in</strong>stitute <strong>in</strong>tegrated plann<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> programs and<br />
projects that address poverty, education, health, sanitation, and nutritional status.<br />
• Identify <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>ter-relationships between <strong>the</strong> socio-economic aspects and <strong>the</strong><br />
underly<strong>in</strong>g determ<strong>in</strong>ants <strong>of</strong> <strong>malnutrition</strong> – household food security, maternal and<br />
child care, health services and sanitation.<br />
• Promote accountable and responsible public <strong>in</strong>stitutions. Foster good governance and<br />
a decentralization <strong>of</strong> decision-mak<strong>in</strong>g processes on issues <strong>of</strong> primary relevance to<br />
households and communities, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g nutrition programm<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
• Promote realistic and participatory development strategies and policies.<br />
• Better identify <strong>the</strong> l<strong>in</strong>kages <strong>of</strong> cultural issues to <strong>malnutrition</strong>.<br />
31
Change language