An assessment of the causes of malnutrition in Ethiopia: A ...
An assessment of the causes of malnutrition in Ethiopia: A ... An assessment of the causes of malnutrition in Ethiopia: A ...
Sector/ Office Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats/Constraints Ministry of Agriculture • Agricultural extension Package. • Presence of food security strategy and program. • Initiation of crop diversification. • Presence of development agents and agricultural home economist agents in the community. • Presence of strategy for increasing food availability (safety net). • Care is not addressed as a cause. • Food biased approach - food security focus rather than nutrition security. • Does not have care as one of its performance indicators. • Agricultural home economist agents do not exist in most regions (except Tigray). Their training has ceased. • The possibility of intersectoral collaboration and integration with health. • MDG focusing on nutrition. • Using nutrition security as both an input and outcome of food security. • Decentralization and rural based development strategy. • Lack of understanding. • Fragmented approach. • Lack of ownership. • No regular forum for discussing with the other sectors. • Lack of nutrition strategy to guide roles, responsibilities, and necessary actions. • Diffusion of responsibility regarding malnutrition. • Lack of awareness of the cross cutting nature of the problem. • Lack of ownership- caring is not the responsibility of any one sector, it is crosscutting issue. Food Security Strategy • Efforts for community & household asset building and protection of livelihood system. • Presence of the safety net program. • Building infrastructure (water, grain mills, clinics , etc.) in the resettlement programs. • Targeted cash transfer to males. • BCC is not part of the activity or is not strong. • Caring practices like BF, CF, health seeking behavior, and hygiene are not well addressed. • Presence of the global conceptual framework of the causes of malnutrition exists. • Government committed to ensure food security. • Health policy focuses on promotive and preventive care. • MDGs target malnutrition, for which care is important intervention. • Frequent drought and food insecurity. • Rapid population growth. • High burden of HIV/AIDS. • Inadequate capacity for promotive behaviors (growth monitoring and counseling) using “triple-A cycle”. • No National Nutrition Strategy. • Lack of nutrition strategy to guide roles, responsibilities, and necessary actions. 120
Sector/ Office Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats/Constraints HIV/AIDS prevention & control office (HAPCO) • There is a strategy on psychosocial (counseling) and health care. • Voluntary confidential counseling and testing services. • Emphasis on home-based care. • Have orphan support. • No guidelines for nutritional care of PLWHA. • No institutional arrangements for nutritional care (unclear mechanisms for integration). • No link between VCT centers and caregiving centers and organizations. • There is a possibility of external assistance. • Strong governmental commitment for control and prevention of HIV/AIDS. • Presence of local NGOs working on HIV/AIDS care. • HIV/AIDS is one of the priority areas of the MDGs. • High prevalence of HIV/AIDS. • Poor access to anti-retroviral drugs. • Chronic and asymptomatic nature of the dis ease making it difficult to recognize and address. • Social stigma and discrimination. • No national nutrition policy or strategy (NNS). • Program on prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV. • Sustainable development & poverty reduction strategy (SDPRP) gives emphasis to HIV/AIDS. • Association of PLWHA. NGOs/UN agencies • Food security activities. • Some targeting of women, children, and the disabled. • Public works programs (food or cash for work) addressing some parts of care. • Development assistance. • Child growth promotion (CGP) • More a food-first approach. • Nutrition security not is well addressed. • Care is not given due attention. • Emergency nutrition and health interventions not prioritized. • Poor referral link and coordination between CGP activities and routine health care activities • HSDP supportive of promotive and preventive care. • Presence of the global conceptual framework for malnutrition. • One of the priority areas of the MDGs is improved nutrition, which can only be achieved through proper carrying practices. • There is a possibility of integrating CGP with routine household level development activities • No national nutrition strategy. • Low local capacity for promotion of caring behaviors. • Lack of integration. • Lack an institutional framework for regular dialogue with different sectors. 121
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Sector/ Office Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats/Constra<strong>in</strong>ts<br />
M<strong>in</strong>istry <strong>of</strong><br />
Agriculture<br />
• Agricultural extension<br />
Package.<br />
• Presence <strong>of</strong> food security<br />
strategy and program.<br />
• Initiation <strong>of</strong> crop<br />
diversification.<br />
• Presence <strong>of</strong> development<br />
agents and agricultural<br />
home economist agents <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> community.<br />
• Presence <strong>of</strong> strategy for<br />
<strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g food availability<br />
(safety net).<br />
• Care is not addressed as a<br />
cause.<br />
• Food biased approach - food<br />
security focus ra<strong>the</strong>r than nutrition<br />
security.<br />
• Does not have care as one <strong>of</strong> its<br />
performance <strong>in</strong>dicators.<br />
• Agricultural home economist<br />
agents do not exist <strong>in</strong> most<br />
regions (except Tigray). Their<br />
tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g has ceased.<br />
• The possibility <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>tersectoral<br />
collaboration and <strong>in</strong>tegration with<br />
health.<br />
• MDG focus<strong>in</strong>g on nutrition.<br />
• Us<strong>in</strong>g nutrition security as both<br />
an <strong>in</strong>put and outcome <strong>of</strong> food<br />
security.<br />
• Decentralization and rural based<br />
development strategy.<br />
• Lack <strong>of</strong> understand<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
• Fragmented approach.<br />
• Lack <strong>of</strong> ownership.<br />
• No regular forum for discuss<strong>in</strong>g with<br />
<strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r sectors.<br />
• Lack <strong>of</strong> nutrition strategy to guide<br />
roles, responsibilities, and<br />
necessary actions.<br />
• Diffusion <strong>of</strong> responsibility regard<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>malnutrition</strong>.<br />
• Lack <strong>of</strong> awareness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cross<br />
cutt<strong>in</strong>g nature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> problem.<br />
• Lack <strong>of</strong> ownership- car<strong>in</strong>g is not <strong>the</strong><br />
responsibility <strong>of</strong> any one sector, it is<br />
crosscutt<strong>in</strong>g issue.<br />
Food Security<br />
Strategy<br />
• Efforts for community &<br />
household asset build<strong>in</strong>g<br />
and protection <strong>of</strong> livelihood<br />
system.<br />
• Presence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> safety net<br />
program.<br />
• Build<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>frastructure<br />
(water, gra<strong>in</strong> mills, cl<strong>in</strong>ics ,<br />
etc.) <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> resettlement<br />
programs.<br />
• Targeted cash transfer to males.<br />
• BCC is not part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> activity or is<br />
not strong.<br />
• Car<strong>in</strong>g practices like BF, CF,<br />
health seek<strong>in</strong>g behavior, and<br />
hygiene are not well addressed.<br />
• Presence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> global<br />
conceptual framework <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>causes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>malnutrition</strong> exists.<br />
• Government committed to ensure<br />
food security.<br />
• Health policy focuses on<br />
promotive and preventive care.<br />
• MDGs target <strong>malnutrition</strong>, for<br />
which care is important<br />
<strong>in</strong>tervention.<br />
• Frequent drought and food<br />
<strong>in</strong>security.<br />
• Rapid population growth.<br />
• High burden <strong>of</strong> HIV/AIDS.<br />
• Inadequate capacity for promotive<br />
behaviors (growth monitor<strong>in</strong>g and<br />
counsel<strong>in</strong>g) us<strong>in</strong>g “triple-A cycle”.<br />
• No National Nutrition Strategy.<br />
• Lack <strong>of</strong> nutrition strategy to guide<br />
roles, responsibilities, and<br />
necessary actions.<br />
120
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