An assessment of the causes of malnutrition in Ethiopia: A ...
An assessment of the causes of malnutrition in Ethiopia: A ... An assessment of the causes of malnutrition in Ethiopia: A ...
• Ensure accountability and ownership of interventions to improve caring practices by different agencies. • Enable collaboration by different agencies and sectors working on different aspects of care as an underlying determinant of nutritional status. 4.6. SWOT Analysis of the Institutional Arrangements and Policies for Better Nutritional Caring Practices in Ethiopia This section analyzes national policies, strategies, and programs of different sectors and international conventions, initiatives, resolutions, and agreements related to caring practices for the vulnerable segments of the population. The aim is to identify existing practices that can be incorporated into the National Nutrition Strategy and to determine the gaps that need better consideration to change the nutrition situation prevailing in the country. The approach used is a strength, weakness, opportunities and threats/constraints (SWOT/C) analysis. Strengths and weakness are internal to a particular policy, strategy, program, or sector, while opportunities and threats/constraints are external to its control. It is from this perspective that the analysis was made. By maximizing internal strengths and overcoming weaknesses, external opportunities can be maximally utilized and threats /constraints minimized. Summaries of this analysis are given in Table 4.4 and Table 4.5. 118
Table 4.4: Analysis of care consideration in the national policies and programs by different sectors and offices Sector/ Office Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats/Constraints Ministry of Health • IYCF Strategy. • Care based initiatives. • IMCI. • Child survival. • EOS. • The Health Extension Program. • Inadequate institutional arrangement. • Irregular supplies (e.g. Vitamin A). • Insufficient monitoring & evaluation. • Care is not highly implemented. • Hospitals and health institutions are not baby friendly. • Sector does not have care as one of its performance indicators. • Presence of different care initiatives in the country. • Experiences in other countries on better caring practices at the household level. • Presence of the global conceptual framework on the causes of malnutrition. • HSDP emphasizes promotive health care in which nutrition is important. • Resource constraints. • Lack of nutrition strategy to guide roles, responsibilities, and necessary actions. • Maternity leaves inadequate due to rules and regulations of MOLSA for working mothers. • HIV/AIDS is transmitted via breast milk, which is the most essential caring practice. This might affect promotion of breastfeeding. • Millennium Development Goals give emphasis to nutrition. • Lack of ownership. Caring is not the responsibility of any one sector, it is a crosscutting issue. Ministry of Education • Presence of curriculum & training on nutrition, home economics, agriculture, & civic education (values). • Affirmative action for female education. • Women’s empowerment. • School feeding programs. • Curriculum not action oriented and gives less emphasis to care. • No training of nutrition professionals in the country (dieticians and nutritionists). • Inadequate communication with MOH as to what training is needed. • Inter-sectoral collaboration with the MOH and other sectors is possible. • Experiences of other countries on integration of better caring practice into the pre-service curriculum (e.g. Ghana, Bolivia, and Madagascar). • Country’s desperate need for better caring practices for nutrition security as one of the underlying causes of malnutrition. • Lack of resources. • Lack of understanding; lack of ownership. • Lack of nutrition strategy to guide roles, responsibilities, and necessary actions. • Diffusion of responsibility regarding malnutrition. • Lack of awareness of the cross cutting nature of the problem. • Lack of ownership. Caring is not the responsibility of any one sector, it is a crosscutting issue. 119
- Page 79 and 80: conception through early pregnancy
- Page 81 and 82: households who depend on purchased
- Page 83 and 84: • Improve rural radio infrastruct
- Page 85 and 86: 3.7.3.6. Improve rural market infra
- Page 87 and 88: CHAPTER 4: CARE AND MALNUTRITION IN
- Page 89 and 90: household allocation; 5) workload a
- Page 91 and 92: lack of national nutrition strategy
- Page 93 and 94: children between 6 and 24 months. T
- Page 95 and 96: Care was recognized as one of the u
- Page 97 and 98: Figure 4.1: Risk of death in infant
- Page 99 and 100: Table 4.2: Present discount values
- Page 101 and 102: Figure 4.3: Factors that affect the
- Page 103 and 104: Box 4.2: Reasons why PLWHA are vuln
- Page 105 and 106: Figure 4.7: Risk of mother to child
- Page 107 and 108: arely provide this kind of benefit.
- Page 109 and 110: Figure 4.8: The extended model of c
- Page 111 and 112: 4.3.1.2. Recognizing symptoms of il
- Page 113 and 114: the direction of the growth curve i
- Page 115 and 116: Figure 4.13: Prevalence of stunting
- Page 117 and 118: from poor exposure of children to l
- Page 119 and 120: 4.3.3.4. Response to food security
- Page 121 and 122: 4.3.6. Time and energy expenditure
- Page 123 and 124: Table 4.3: Care focused initiatives
- Page 125 and 126: together. This demands an integrate
- Page 127 and 128: In an emergency, therefore, care an
- Page 129: • Enhance women’s capacity for
- Page 133 and 134: Sector/ Office Strength Weakness Op
- Page 135 and 136: International initiative Strengths
- Page 137 and 138: • Rate of continued breastfeeding
- Page 139 and 140: Figure 4.17: Community based nutrit
- Page 141: There is a strong need for enhancin
- Page 144 and 145: supplies. The available facilities
- Page 146 and 147: 5.1. Introduction 5.1.1. Conceptual
- Page 148 and 149: access to a basic package of qualit
- Page 150 and 151: Integrating nutrition interventions
- Page 152 and 153: Although the coverage of ENA traini
- Page 154 and 155: Box 5.1: Household and Community In
- Page 156 and 157: The interventions that make up this
- Page 158 and 159: conferences. To this effect, a nati
- Page 160 and 161: with the engineering aspect of wate
- Page 162 and 163: Table 5.1: Prevalence of diarrhea a
- Page 164 and 165: Figure 5.3: Trends in latrine cover
- Page 166 and 167: Institutional arrangements are also
- Page 168 and 169: ehavior are integrated and supplied
- Page 170 and 171: 5.4.2. Programs and projects 5.4.2.
- Page 172 and 173: made by NGOs for the affected child
- Page 175 and 176: CHAPTER 6: INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
- Page 177 and 178: interventions in Ethiopia, includin
- Page 179 and 180: 6.2. Challenges and Lessons Learnt
• Ensure accountability and ownership <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>terventions to improve car<strong>in</strong>g practices by<br />
different agencies.<br />
• Enable collaboration by different agencies and sectors work<strong>in</strong>g on different aspects <strong>of</strong><br />
care as an underly<strong>in</strong>g determ<strong>in</strong>ant <strong>of</strong> nutritional status.<br />
4.6. SWOT <strong>An</strong>alysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Institutional Arrangements and Policies for Better<br />
Nutritional Car<strong>in</strong>g Practices <strong>in</strong> <strong>Ethiopia</strong><br />
This section analyzes national policies, strategies, and programs <strong>of</strong> different sectors<br />
and <strong>in</strong>ternational conventions, <strong>in</strong>itiatives, resolutions, and agreements related to car<strong>in</strong>g<br />
practices for <strong>the</strong> vulnerable segments <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population. The aim is to identify exist<strong>in</strong>g<br />
practices that can be <strong>in</strong>corporated <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> National Nutrition Strategy and to determ<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong><br />
gaps that need better consideration to change <strong>the</strong> nutrition situation prevail<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> country.<br />
The approach used is a strength, weakness, opportunities and threats/constra<strong>in</strong>ts<br />
(SWOT/C) analysis. Strengths and weakness are <strong>in</strong>ternal to a particular policy, strategy,<br />
program, or sector, while opportunities and threats/constra<strong>in</strong>ts are external to its control. It is<br />
from this perspective that <strong>the</strong> analysis was made. By maximiz<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>ternal strengths and<br />
overcom<strong>in</strong>g weaknesses, external opportunities can be maximally utilized and threats<br />
/constra<strong>in</strong>ts m<strong>in</strong>imized. Summaries <strong>of</strong> this analysis are given <strong>in</strong> Table 4.4 and Table 4.5.<br />
118
Change language