Impact Of Agricultural Market Reforms On Smallholder Farmers In ...

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Table 3.2 CROP 1982/83 1983/84 1984/85 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/9 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 AVERAGE MAIZE 1369403 1397948 1355202 1294564 1201757 1423848 1509513 1342809 1589377 657000 2033957 818999 1327865 1793461 1226478 1534326 1367282 local 1106832 1084592 1058080 1078860 1244351 1220565 963171 1041031 368282 1032173 534241 659295 864371 667156 746882 911325 composite 46575 37490 34755 22531 22420 44123 34616 26743 5377 6286 601 2401 25740 21168 30054 24059 hybrid 245391 233123 201729 100366 157077 244825 345022 521603 283341 995498 284157 666169 903350 538154 757390 431813 RICE 25948 34886 34265 37407 28432 32311 45690 43280 63175 23798 65357 41132 39073 72629 65690 68658 45108 local 5892 4295 5733 2450 3361 4488 3342 5385 1806 8007 4628 6873 6127 11706 14464 5904 faya 19092 20365 21772 16156 18232 27200 24241 37829 4146 38691 21246 20646 49699 43958 43114 27092 b. bonnet 9902 9642 9902 9826 10718 8396 3699 557 99 708 6345 IET'4094 5606 9298 14154 10597 15092 9923 8766 12741 9956 10773 10691 Cert. Seed 52 70 61 GROUNDNUTS 716 2056 1825 69 5 12060 31785 30654 1390 40327 68718 97228 23903 chalimbana 820 492 650 10008 28249 21315 498 34704 61457 84316 24251 chitembana 806 755 1260 17 1962 2402 1200 manipinter 543 1495 1980 1671 825 1382 248 815 335 811 285 573 1652 970 malimba 513 8225 125 4298 5156 7378 4283 mawanga 455 1716 1753 1040 1521 1727 1369 TOBACCO 12369 19545 20515 16117 13650 9238 7934 14000 18729 16544 26924 15507 35439 68978 83566 94062 29570 nddf 15500 16182 13178 11870 7681 6279 10966 14457 12286 7866 7361 12419 15274 13153 9608 11605 sddf 1600 2000 1279 625 792 509 403 367 239 896 577 545 935 1455 1001 882 sun-air 2050 2133 1563 1002 523 517 2022 1859 879 758 928 944 2106 2088 1142 1368 oriental 395 2000 97 99 178 367 285 420 515 939 826 740 877 1089 1111 663 burley 54 64 261 324 1627 2759 16516 5815 20659 49786 65781 81181 20402 COTTON 13134 32600 46106 36235 20957 29286 35106 33026 42780 13632 45339 17014 25197 82591 45122 36336 34654 WHEAT 1644 787 1287 1669 1869 1481 1639 877 613 1014 208 1572 2315 1339 1842 1344 SORGHUM 6832 14271 22041 20761 14542 21776 20050 15452 18557 3957 21591 16667 19290 54710 39514 41473 21968 MILLET 1621 8316 10580 9526 8666 11841 11183 10113 7766 3418 15228 9711 13259 20262 16424 19638 11097 PULSES 18026 29479 28132 39099 56803 58157 50390 71385 68514 55849 70094 78251 99772 183094 179226 208895 80948 beans 22545 28725 28071 27522 27638 38755 30341 45257 25134 30895 49574 52803 60039 35946 peas 14933 26311 27237 19762 42814 28808 15772 24484 43311 52601 87880 89288 79368 42505 grams 1621 1767 2849 3106 1945 2008 181 354 265 304 501 556 761 1248 SOYA BEANS 311 836 3284 13020 10965 13660 8176 15011 42374 28425 28482 14959 GROUND BEAN 109 417 411 382 152 391 893 961 1719 2822 5017 1207 GUAR BEANS 2850 3600 2300 1680 3150 3300 1676 4861 1368 317 339 1238 1350 1540 2112 CASHEW 40 50 58 67 107 89 7465 11723 2501 148 154 150 148 1487 153 1623 MACADAMIA 4 3 4 4 5 5 5 131 241 45 SESAME 18 19 27 34 139 154 143 215 7 75 11 59 291 46 219 97 SUNFLOWER 1270 1544 1705 1182 1456 2192 1703 5211 4961 9339 6673 50353 17832 4580 1818 7455 COFFEE 8 7 5 7 9 9 6 12 484 856 140 PAPRIKA CHILLIES 278 331 615 1020 834 353 633 829 797 882 4132 1824 1044 CASSAVA 143686 258693 209321 218282 169403 134785 154762 144760 167818 128827 216005 250056 328424 534549 713876 829821 287692 S. POTATOES 59926 81047 80003 121195 101974 177424 94911 176999 43074 210572 165322 317714 596469 858129 1432383 301143 I. POTATOES 13180 11400 11979 34200 39969 49144 47975 42495 79500 106422 116884 120338 56124 Source: MOAI, National Early Warning Unit, Planning Division - Lilongwe, Malawi 31
Page 1 and 2: IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL MARKET REFOR
Page 4 and 5: TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 - INTRO
Page 6 and 7: 5.1.10 Expenditure patterns .......
Page 8 and 9: CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION 1.1 Backgr
Page 10 and 11: villageois, (GV)) was needed as the
Page 12 and 13: CHAPTER 2: POLICY BACKGROUND FOR BE
Page 14 and 15: 2.3 Evolution of Economic Policy 2.
Page 16 and 17: Under pressure from the World Bank
Page 18 and 19: anking system has been restored to
Page 20 and 21: Fertilizer can be imported outside
Page 22 and 23: particularly urban wage-earners. On
Page 24 and 25: Soulé (1996) describes the evoluti
Page 26 and 27: led to a more sustainable agricultu
Page 28: Table 2.4 - Gross farm revenue from
Page 31 and 32: Malawi’s economy is heavily depen
Page 33 and 34: the reduction of its operations in
Page 35 and 36: crops is also difficult because tob
Page 37: Table 3.1 CROP 1982/83 1983/84 1984
Page 41 and 42: Household characteristics Housing c
Page 43 and 44: living from crop and livestock prod
Page 45 and 46: If we focus our attention on the he
Page 47 and 48: eported being a cooperative member.
Page 49 and 50: little or no costs) and a smaller i
Page 51 and 52: are highest among small farms and h
Page 53 and 54: Farmers were also asked how they ob
Page 55 and 56: household work (including cooking,
Page 57 and 58: paying work in the informal sector.
Page 59 and 60: Seed purchase patterns Almost all p
Page 61 and 62: It is interesting to note that the
Page 63 and 64: Perhaps the strongest factor determ
Page 65 and 66: omitted crops include sorghum, mill
Page 67 and 68: Finally, if we divided the farm hou
Page 69 and 70: FCFA/farm. The percentage of grower
Page 71 and 72: Labor use is quite different across
Page 73 and 74: are involved in all activities, but
Page 75 and 76: Agricultural assets The ownership o
Page 77 and 78: The purpose of this section is not
Page 79 and 80: households. The only clear patterns
Page 81 and 82: Bénin is characterized by semi-sub
Page 83 and 84: sorghum/millet output of Borgou is
Page 85 and 86: sold on the market. Nonetheless, th
Page 87 and 88: May 16 (see Table 4.1.118). The com
Page 89 and 90:
involved in buying crops in a given
Page 91 and 92:
The grenier or cabane is an indepen
Page 93 and 94:
percent, while the proportion of cr
Page 95 and 96:
largest farms. This implies that ho
Page 97 and 98:
meat, and the small share allocated
Page 99 and 100:
identifies the variables that are m
Page 101 and 102:
make the results from the IFPRI-LAR
Page 103 and 104:
farm households in Benin (95 percen
Page 105 and 106:
With regard to the floors, the hous
Page 107 and 108:
agricultural production and marketi
Page 109 and 110:
Agricultural markets Friends and fa
Page 111 and 112:
that higher values of the independe
Page 113 and 114:
The questionnaire was developed by
Page 115 and 116:
Current patterns On average, rural
Page 117 and 118:
credit, while another third of the
Page 119 and 120:
According to village leaders, howev
Page 121 and 122:
estimates of the area planted to ma
Page 123 and 124:
In the case of manioc, most of the
Page 125 and 126:
Although inputs are imported by pri
Page 127 and 128:
All or almost all the GVs in the sa
Page 129 and 130:
4.3.5 Assets In general, the only p
Page 131 and 132:
fact that farms, and hence the area
Page 133 and 134:
available credit from this source i
Page 135 and 136:
Input quality GV representatives we
Page 137 and 138:
are grading and weighing the cotton
Page 139 and 140:
Table 4.1.4-Household characteristi
Page 141 and 142:
Table 4.1.10-School attendance by a
Page 143 and 144:
Table 4.1.17-Main activity of head
Page 145 and 146:
Table 4.1.22-Share of income from e
Page 147 and 148:
Table 4.1.28-Number of plots and ar
Page 149 and 150:
Table 4.1.35-Allocation of labor by
Page 151 and 152:
Table 4.1.39-Change in labor alloca
Page 153 and 154:
Table 4.1.44-Share of producers of
Page 155 and 156:
Table 4.1.51-Change in use of purch
Page 157 and 158:
Table 4.1.56-Fertilizer use by depa
Page 159 and 160:
Table 4.1.62-Characteristics of fer
Page 161 and 162:
Table 4.1.67-Perceived change in av
Page 163 and 164:
Table 4.1.72-Pesticide use by depar
Page 165 and 166:
Table 4.1.78-Share of each type of
Page 167 and 168:
Table 4.1.86-Souce of loan by sex o
Page 169 and 170:
Table 4.1.92-Percent of households
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Table 4.1.100-Summary of production
Page 175 and 176:
Table 4.1.104-Area allocation by cr
Page 177 and 178:
Table 4.1.108-Area allocation by cr
Page 179 and 180:
Table 4.1.112-Marketed share of out
Page 181 and 182:
Table 4.1.116-Descriptive statistic
Page 183 and 184:
Table 4.1.118-Distribution of sales
Page 185 and 186:
Table 4.1.124-Perceived change in v
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Table 4.1.138-Summary of expenditur
Page 191 and 192:
Table 4.1.141-Food consumption by s
Page 193 and 194:
Table 4.1.143-Food consumption by d
Page 195 and 196:
Table 4.1.146-Non-food expenditures
Page 197 and 198:
Table 4.1.150-Measures of poverty f
Page 199 and 200:
Table 4.1.154-Value of household as
Page 201 and 202:
Table 4.1.158-Value of household as
Page 203 and 204:
Table 4.1.161-Housing characteristi
Page 205 and 206:
Table 4.1.163-Main source of water
Page 207 and 208:
Table 4.1.167-Frequency and nature
Page 209 and 210:
Table 4.1.173-Source of information
Page 211 and 212:
Table 4.1.180-Main reason for the i
Page 213 and 214:
Table 4.2.1-Road infrastructure Reg
Page 215 and 216:
Table 4.2.8-Frequency of closest ma
Page 217 and 218:
Table 4.2.16-Share of village maize
Page 219 and 220:
Table 4.2.26-Change in availability
Page 221 and 222:
Table 4.2.33-Commodity balance in e
Page 223 and 224:
Table 4.2.35-Change in production o
Page 225 and 226:
Table 4.3.5-Number of members at st
Page 227 and 228:
Table 4.3.11-Descriptive statistics
Page 229 and 230:
Table 4.3.16-Distribution of GVs by
Page 231 and 232:
Table 4.3.20-Percent of GVs satisif
Page 233 and 234:
Table 4.3.28-Characteristics of cot
Page 235 and 236:
Table 4.3.36-Percent of revenue fro
Page 237 and 238:
Table 4.3.44-Opinion of changes in
Page 239 and 240:
participate in the survey or if the
Page 241 and 242:
expenditures as well as the rental
Page 243 and 244:
headed households seem to be more c
Page 245 and 246:
size is 1.4 ha. The largest farms a
Page 247 and 248:
consuming family labor activities f
Page 249 and 250:
Table 5.14 provides a definition an
Page 251 and 252:
suggests that farmers in remote are
Page 253 and 254:
which as we mentioned earlier, is a
Page 255 and 256:
eforms. These last two findings sug
Page 257 and 258:
share of tobacco and non-tobacco gr
Page 259 and 260:
the main storage space. Pits are mo
Page 261 and 262:
heavily controlled by household hea
Page 263 and 264:
ADMARC captures another 17 percent,
Page 265 and 266:
Overall expenditure patterns Accord
Page 267 and 268:
vegetables and legumes, dairy produ
Page 269 and 270:
This is followed by clothing (17 pe
Page 271 and 272:
5.1.11 Household assets and housing
Page 273 and 274:
information on agricultural input u
Page 275 and 276:
off) and earning more money from no
Page 277 and 278:
5.2.2 General information In genera
Page 279 and 280:
5.2.5 Transportation Services Table
Page 281 and 282:
The most common fertilizers distrib
Page 283 and 284:
Table 5.1 - IFPRI/APRU Smallholder
Page 285 and 286:
Table 5.5 - Sources of income and i
Page 287 and 288:
Table 5.9 - Farm Characteristics by
Page 289 and 290:
Table 5.14 - Descriptive statistics
Page 291 and 292:
Table 5.16 - Determinants of quanti
Page 293 and 294:
Table 5.20 - Average price paid by
Page 295 and 296:
Table 5.23 - Ownership of agricultu
Page 297 and 298:
Table 5.27 - Percent of households
Page 299 and 300:
Table 5.32 - Use of storage facilit
Page 301 and 302:
Table 5.36 - Distribution of househ
Page 303 and 304:
Table 5.39 - Percent use of types o
Page 305 and 306:
Table 5.44 - Summary of food expend
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
Table 5.48 - Food consumption by re
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Table 5.53 - Non-food expenditure p
Page 315 and 316:
Television,VCR 1 0.0 1.0 0.0 7 919
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
Table 5.63 - Perceptions about chan
Page 321 and 322:
Table 5.69 - General information fo
Page 323 and 324:
Table 5.74 - Availability of transp
Page 325 and 326:
Table 5.78 - Changes in the number
Page 327 and 328:
Figure 5.3 - Percentage of househol
Page 329 and 330:
322
Page 331 and 332:
Land use The average farm size
Page 333 and 334:
Crop production and storage Maize
Page 335 and 336:
Poor households devote a larger sha
Page 337 and 338:
Perceived problems of GVs Few GVs
Page 339 and 340:
For manioc, most of the surplus vil
Page 341 and 342:
Furthermore, the system facilitates
Page 343 and 344:
Address problems of corruption in w
Page 345 and 346:
Household Characteristics and Incom
Page 347 and 348:
Use of credit A little less than
Page 349 and 350:
About 62 percent of the households
Page 351 and 352:
of credit use highlights a market f
Page 353 and 354:
ecause reforms have also been accom
Page 355 and 356:
348
Page 357:
National Economic Council (NEC). 19
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