Impact Of Agricultural Market Reforms On Smallholder Farmers In ...
Impact Of Agricultural Market Reforms On Smallholder Farmers In ... Impact Of Agricultural Market Reforms On Smallholder Farmers In ...
Table 5.56 – Determinants of per capita consumption expenditure Regression estimating log exppc Source | SS df MS Number of obs = 788 -------------+------------------------------ F( 38, 749) = 15.95 Model | 152.770093 38 4.0202656 Prob > F = 0.0000 Residual | 188.78579 749 .252050454 R-squared = 0.4473 -------------+------------------------------ Adj R-squared = 0.4192 Total | 341.555882 787 .433997309 Root MSE = .50205 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lnexppc | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- hhsize | -.1070494 .0077921 -13.74 0.000 -.1223464 -.0917525 under15p | -.6436896 .0903874 -7.12 0.000 -.8211325 -.4662467 over65p | .3371403 .2139862 1.58 0.116 -.0829437 .7572242 femhead | -.0706999 .0656685 -1.08 0.282 -.199616 .0582163 agehead | .0066535 .0082306 0.81 0.419 -.0095043 .0228114 age2 | -.0001434 .0000942 -1.52 0.129 -.0003284 .0000416 edhd1 | .0310149 .0648142 0.48 0.632 -.0962242 .1582541 edhd2 | .1459812 .1062637 1.37 0.170 -.062629 .3545913 lithead | .0368738 .0611134 0.60 0.546 -.0831 .1568477 edsp1 | .0110099 .0464999 0.24 0.813 -.0802758 .1022956 edsp2 | -.0947672 .1455555 -0.65 0.515 -.3805126 .1909782 litsps | .0000233 .068969 0.00 1.000 -.1353722 .1354189 fsize | .1267754 .0199986 6.34 0.000 .0875154 .1660353 tobgrow | -.0204916 .0476492 -0.43 0.667 -.1140335 .0730503 irrig | -.2123971 .0957901 -2.22 0.027 -.400446 -.0243481 connect | .0499387 .0391208 1.28 0.202 -.0268606 .1267381 club | -.0036265 .0495189 -0.07 0.942 -.100839 .0935859 coop | .1710959 .0779682 2.19 0.029 .0180337 .3241581 extcont | .0990275 .0451478 2.19 0.029 .0103961 .1876588 chewa | -.1250325 .0810241 -1.54 0.123 -.2840939 .0340289 ngoni | -.0463218 .0774297 -0.60 0.550 -.1983269 .1056832 tumb | .0961033 .0796416 1.21 0.228 -.060244 .2524506 lomw | -.0901606 .0806181 -1.12 0.264 -.248425 .0681037 yawo | -.0852992 .0741856 -1.15 0.251 -.2309356 .0603372 goodflor | .0032711 .1003011 0.03 0.974 -.1936337 .2001758 goodwall | .0560855 .0632834 0.89 0.376 -.0681485 .1803195 goodroof | .165033 .0770481 2.14 0.033 .0137771 .3162889 goodwatr | .0004287 .0375396 0.01 0.991 -.0732666 .074124 electric | -.0349358 .2131323 -0.16 0.870 -.4533436 .383472 reg1 | .0065846 .0732282 0.09 0.928 -.1371723 .1503416 reg2 | .0975216 .0641322 1.52 0.129 -.0283786 .2234218 chair | .1232313 .055304 2.23 0.026 .0146621 .2318006 bed | .1182959 .0487621 2.43 0.016 .0225692 .2140227 table | .0641259 .0586352 1.09 0.274 -.0509831 .1792349 radio | .1507284 .041699 3.61 0.000 .0688676 .2325891 tv | .0878288 .2004457 0.44 0.661 -.3056734 .4813309 bike | .0639864 .0417402 1.53 0.126 -.0179553 .1459281 mbike | .4962157 .5161258 0.96 0.337 -.5170095 1.509441 _cons | 8.096815 .189939 42.63 0.000 7.723939 8.469691 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Table 5.57 – Ownership of household assets Percentage of Number households of assets that own the (including asset zeros Number of assets (without zeros Age of the most recent asset Value of assets in MK (calculated with zeros Value of Assests in MK (calculated without zeros ) Household assets Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Chairs 47 1.9 4.1 2.6 63 146 Tables 41 0.5 1.2 2.6 45 119 Beds 31 0.4 1.3 2.1 59 211 Other furniture 8 0.2 2.1 0.4 21 352 Electric fans 0 0.0 . 0.0 0 . Radio,cassette, CD player 55 0.7 1.2 2.1 271 501 307
Television,VCR 1 0.0 1.0 0.0 7 919 Sewing Machine 4 0.0 1.1 0.5 22 908 Stove,oven 1 0.0 1.1 0.1 3 251 Bicycle 41 0.5 1.1 1.8 387 966 Motorcycle 0 0.0 1.0 0.0 28 11,000 Car 1 0.0 1.0 0.0 294 52,022 Source: IFPRI/APRU Malawi Smallholder Farmer Survey, 1998. Table 5.58 – Percent of households owning household assets by region Name of Region Household assets Northern Central Southern Chairs 63 37 52 Tables 57 33 44 Beds 53 23 33 Other furniture 19 4 9 Electric fans 0 0 0 Radio,cassette,CD player 58 53 57 Television,VCR 0 1 1 Sewing Machine 6 4 3 Stove,oven 0 3 0 Bicycle 47 43 39 Motorcycle 0 0 1 Car 2 0 1 Source: IFPRI/APRU Malawi Smallholder Farmer Survey, 1998. 308
- Page 264 and 265: most important contractors are the
- Page 266 and 267: indicates that the extent of povert
- Page 268 and 269: wheat, and fruits and nuts, a highe
- Page 270 and 271: Surprisingly, the education of the
- Page 272 and 273: Housing characteristics The overwhe
- Page 274 and 275: It was also important to find out w
- Page 276 and 277: Surprisingly, tobacco growers are m
- Page 278 and 279: Over three-quarter of the EPAs repo
- Page 280 and 281: The changes in the number and types
- Page 282 and 283: 5.2.11 Storage Facilities On averag
- Page 284 and 285: Table 5.2 - Household characteristi
- Page 286 and 287: Table 5.7 - Percentage of household
- Page 288 and 289: Table 5.12 - Farm labor use and all
- Page 290 and 291: Table 5.15 - Determinants of the de
- Page 292 and 293: Table 5.17 - Sources of fertilizer
- Page 294 and 295: Table 5.22 - Access and use of cred
- Page 296 and 297: Table 5.25 - Percent of households
- Page 298 and 299: Table 5.29 - Percent of households
- Page 300 and 301: Table 5.34 - Crop disposal by type
- Page 302 and 303: Table 5.38 - Determinants of Market
- Page 304 and 305: Table 5.42 - Summary of expenditure
- Page 306 and 307: Table 5.45 - Food consumption by so
- Page 308 and 309: Table 5.47 - Percent of households
- Page 310 and 311: Table 5.49 - Percent of households
- Page 312 and 313: Table 5.51 - Food consumption by ex
- Page 316 and 317: Table 5.59 Percent of households ow
- Page 318 and 319: Table 5.62 - Characteristics of the
- Page 320 and 321: Table 5.68 - Determinants of percei
- Page 322 and 323: Table 5.71 - Average yields per cro
- Page 324 and 325: Table 5.77 - Changes in the availab
- Page 326 and 327: Figure 5.1 Distribution of househol
- Page 328 and 329: Figure 5.7 - Percentage of Househol
- Page 330 and 331: CHAPTER 6 - SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AN
- Page 332 and 333: Fertilizer Half of the far
- Page 334 and 335: Regression analysis indicates that
- Page 336 and 337: Among those seeing improvement, the
- Page 338 and 339: Agricultural markets Three quart
- Page 340 and 341: The economic reforms have boosted p
- Page 342 and 343: department. The farms with very lit
- Page 344 and 345: Strengthen the extension service by
- Page 346 and 347: The most time-consuming agricultura
- Page 348 and 349: Most common means of transport to t
- Page 350 and 351: Small farmers in Malawi are mainly
- Page 352 and 353: households have less assets and les
- Page 354 and 355: Place more serious efforts to impro
- Page 356 and 357: REFERENCES Ahoyo Adjovi, N.R. and F
Table 5.56 – Determinants of per capita consumption expenditure<br />
Regression estimating log exppc<br />
Source | SS df MS Number of obs = 788<br />
-------------+------------------------------ F( 38, 749) = 15.95<br />
Model | 152.770093 38 4.0202656 Prob > F = 0.0000<br />
Residual | 188.78579 749 .252050454 R-squared = 0.4473<br />
-------------+------------------------------ Adj R-squared = 0.4192<br />
Total | 341.555882 787 .433997309 Root MSE = .50205<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
lnexppc | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. <strong>In</strong>terval]<br />
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------<br />
hhsize | -.1070494 .0077921 -13.74 0.000 -.1223464 -.0917525<br />
under15p | -.6436896 .0903874 -7.12 0.000 -.8211325 -.4662467<br />
over65p | .3371403 .2139862 1.58 0.116 -.0829437 .7572242<br />
femhead | -.0706999 .0656685 -1.08 0.282 -.199616 .0582163<br />
agehead | .0066535 .0082306 0.81 0.419 -.0095043 .0228114<br />
age2 | -.0001434 .0000942 -1.52 0.129 -.0003284 .0000416<br />
edhd1 | .0310149 .0648142 0.48 0.632 -.0962242 .1582541<br />
edhd2 | .1459812 .1062637 1.37 0.170 -.062629 .3545913<br />
lithead | .0368738 .0611134 0.60 0.546 -.0831 .1568477<br />
edsp1 | .0110099 .0464999 0.24 0.813 -.0802758 .1022956<br />
edsp2 | -.0947672 .1455555 -0.65 0.515 -.3805126 .1909782<br />
litsps | .0000233 .068969 0.00 1.000 -.1353722 .1354189<br />
fsize | .1267754 .0199986 6.34 0.000 .0875154 .1660353<br />
tobgrow | -.0204916 .0476492 -0.43 0.667 -.1140335 .0730503<br />
irrig | -.2123971 .0957901 -2.22 0.027 -.400446 -.0243481<br />
connect | .0499387 .0391208 1.28 0.202 -.0268606 .1267381<br />
club | -.0036265 .0495189 -0.07 0.942 -.100839 .0935859<br />
coop | .1710959 .0779682 2.19 0.029 .0180337 .3241581<br />
extcont | .0990275 .0451478 2.19 0.029 .0103961 .1876588<br />
chewa | -.1250325 .0810241 -1.54 0.123 -.2840939 .0340289<br />
ngoni | -.0463218 .0774297 -0.60 0.550 -.1983269 .1056832<br />
tumb | .0961033 .0796416 1.21 0.228 -.060244 .2524506<br />
lomw | -.0901606 .0806181 -1.12 0.264 -.248425 .0681037<br />
yawo | -.0852992 .0741856 -1.15 0.251 -.2309356 .0603372<br />
goodflor | .0032711 .1003011 0.03 0.974 -.1936337 .2001758<br />
goodwall | .0560855 .0632834 0.89 0.376 -.0681485 .1803195<br />
goodroof | .165033 .0770481 2.14 0.033 .0137771 .3162889<br />
goodwatr | .0004287 .0375396 0.01 0.991 -.0732666 .074124<br />
electric | -.0349358 .2131323 -0.16 0.870 -.4533436 .383472<br />
reg1 | .0065846 .0732282 0.09 0.928 -.1371723 .1503416<br />
reg2 | .0975216 .0641322 1.52 0.129 -.0283786 .2234218<br />
chair | .1232313 .055304 2.23 0.026 .0146621 .2318006<br />
bed | .1182959 .0487621 2.43 0.016 .0225692 .2140227<br />
table | .0641259 .0586352 1.09 0.274 -.0509831 .1792349<br />
radio | .1507284 .041699 3.61 0.000 .0688676 .2325891<br />
tv | .0878288 .2004457 0.44 0.661 -.3056734 .4813309<br />
bike | .0639864 .0417402 1.53 0.126 -.0179553 .1459281<br />
mbike | .4962157 .5161258 0.96 0.337 -.5170095 1.509441<br />
_cons | 8.096815 .189939 42.63 0.000 7.723939 8.469691<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
Table 5.57 – Ownership of household assets<br />
Percentage of Number<br />
households of assets<br />
that own the (including<br />
asset zeros<br />
Number of<br />
assets<br />
(without<br />
zeros<br />
Age of the<br />
most recent<br />
asset<br />
Value of<br />
assets in<br />
MK<br />
(calculated<br />
with zeros<br />
Value of Assests<br />
in MK<br />
(calculated<br />
without zeros )<br />
Household assets Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean<br />
Chairs 47 1.9 4.1 2.6 63 146<br />
Tables 41 0.5 1.2 2.6 45 119<br />
Beds 31 0.4 1.3 2.1 59 211<br />
Other furniture 8 0.2 2.1 0.4 21 352<br />
Electric fans 0 0.0 . 0.0 0 .<br />
Radio,cassette, CD player 55 0.7 1.2 2.1 271 501<br />
307
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