Impact Of Agricultural Market Reforms On Smallholder Farmers In ...

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Table 5.25 – Percent of households owning agricultural assets by gender of household head Gender Agricultural assets Male Female Cart 4 1 Hoe 100 98 Sickle 75 56 Panga Knife 74 49 Axe 74 54 Shovel 13 4 Plough 3 1 Water & tin cans 47 26 Sprayer 12 8 Cattle/Ox 10 4 Pigs 38 27 Goets/Sheep 69 59 Poultry 4 7 Donkeys 15 6 Other animals 0 0 Source: IFPRI/APRU Malawi Smallholder Farmer Survey, 1998. Table 5.26 – Percent of households owning agricultural assets by expenditure category Expenditure quintiles Agricultural assets Poorest 2 nd 3 rd 4 th Richest Cart 2 3 2 4 3 Hoe 99 100 100 100 96 Sickle 58 62 77 69 78 Panga Knife 55 64 68 69 74 Axe 57 68 66 68 78 Shovel 0 9 7 15 21 Plough 1 1 3 3 4 Water & tin cans 27 38 51 40 45 Sprayer 6 10 7 16 15 Cattle/Ox 6 9 8 8 11 Pigs 23 32 35 42 41 Goets/Sheep 48 68 71 72 71 Poultry 6 4 6 5 4 Donkeys 6 10 9 16 18 Other animals 0 0 0 0 1 Source: IFPRI/APRU Malawi Smallholder Farmer Survey, 1998. . 289
Table 5.27 – Percent of households owning agricultural assets by farm size category Farm size quintiles Agricultural assets Smallest 2 nd 3 rd 4 th Largest Cart 0 1 3 5 7 Hoe 97 100 100 100 100 Sickle 57 62 71 78 81 Panga Knife 56 64 62 68 83 Axe 50 63 61 79 91 Hovel 6 9 9 12 16 Plough 0 1 2 4 5 Water & tin cans 22 42 40 45 54 Sprayer 1 6 12 18 24 Cattle/Ox 3 4 9 14 15 Pigs 15 31 35 48 49 Goets/Sheep 51 66 57 78 81 Poultry 6 6 4 4 3 Donkeys 1 11 8 15 30 Other animals 0 0 0 1 0 Source: IFPRI/APRU Malawi Smallholder Farmer Survey, 1998. Table 5.28 – Cropping patterns, production and yields Crop Percent of households growing this crop Percent of farm area Average area allocated to crop for households that grow the Average quantity harvested for households that grow the crop in kgs Average yield for households that grow the crop in kg/ha crop in ha Maize 99 67 0.85 766 943 Groundnuts 47 16 0.43 245 900 Beans 33 18 0.63 108 222 Tobacco 22 6 0.45 276 830 Cassava 21 12 0.56 322 686 Sweet Potato 18 3 0.25 326 2,914 Vegetables 13 2 0.29 206 1,421 Soybeans 10 2 0.41 126 427 Sorghum/millet 8 4 0.51 148 379 Rice 7 2 0.33 413 2,068 Cotton 5 2 0.52 296 631 Other crops 0.1 - 4 Other crops include: Irish potato, sugar, coffee, chillies, fruit & nut trees, and sunflower Source: IFPRI/APRU Malawi Smallholder Farmer Survey, 1998. 290
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IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL MARKET REFOR
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TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 - INTRO
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5.1.10 Expenditure patterns .......
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CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION 1.1 Backgr
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villageois, (GV)) was needed as the
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CHAPTER 2: POLICY BACKGROUND FOR BE
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2.3 Evolution of Economic Policy 2.
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Under pressure from the World Bank
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anking system has been restored to
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Fertilizer can be imported outside
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particularly urban wage-earners. On
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Soulé (1996) describes the evoluti
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led to a more sustainable agricultu
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Table 2.4 - Gross farm revenue from
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Malawi’s economy is heavily depen
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the reduction of its operations in
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crops is also difficult because tob
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Table 3.1 CROP 1982/83 1983/84 1984
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CHAPTER 4: RESULTS OF THE BÉNIN SM
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where W v is the weight for a house
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heads. This suggests that some of t
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And school attendance is much highe
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Crop production is the main activit
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(33 percent). Livestock income is m
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Somewhat surprisingly, the relation
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It is no more common among richer h
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production, and women actually spen
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Seed use by crop Although only 18 p
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Looking at the results by departmen
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Ouémé presents an unusual case: j
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Market prices have significant effe
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policies of SONAPRA to discourage
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crops are responsible for this incr
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Respondents were asked whether the
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Female-headed households, not surpr
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households are not considered credi
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In almost every category of agricul
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This discussion implies that farms
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eturns per hectare and labor-intens
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farm household and tends to be smal
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Surprisingly, the value of sales as
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Finally, proximity to an all-season
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Changes in crop marketing In this s
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Poor households are more likely to
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it is clear that virtually all grow
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production to total expenditure is
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a significant number of household (
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non-food spending. These are follow
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Larger farms are associated with hi
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This would not be surprising in lig
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Female-headed households appear to
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poorest expenditure category to jus
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headed household were more likely t
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Households in every expenditure cat
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An important result of this analysi
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oad network, although those citing
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questions posed by the IFPRI-LARES
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With regard to cotton marketing, al
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Village leaders were asked to ident
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Marketing patterns Village leaders
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4.3: Results of the Bénin Survey o
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4.3.2 Survey methods At the time of
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officers have CM2 certificates. Thi
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Suppliers The GV representatives we
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Cotton area per GV ranges from 145
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The largest cost items are schools
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members and 10 percent of the membe
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Table 4.1.1-Description of sample o
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Table 4.1.7-Age, education, and lit
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Table 4.1.13-Ethnic background of h
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Table 4.1.19-Importance of each sou
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Table 4.1.25-Number of plots and ar
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Table 4.1.31-Land tenure by expendi
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Table 4.1.37-Change in labor alloca
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Table 4.1.42-Seed use by sex of hea
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Table 4.1.47-Perceived change in av
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Table 4.1.54-Share of producers of
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Table 4.1.59-Fertilizer use by farm
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Table 4.1.64-Characteristics of fer
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Table 4.1.69-Change in fertilizer a
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Table 4.1.75-Allocation of labor by
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Table 4.1.82-Allocation of labor by
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Table 4.1.89-Change in credit avail
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Table 4.1.94-Percent of households
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Table 4.1.102-Area allocation by cr
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Table 4.1.106-Area allocation by cr
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Table 4.1.110-Marketed share of out
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Table 4.1.114-Marketed share of out
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Table 4.1.117-Regression for market
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Table 4.1.120-Change in the type of
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Table 4.1.128-Perceived change in r
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Table 4.1.135-Main reason for stori
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Table 4.1.140-Summary of food expen
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Table 4.1.144-Food consumption by e
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Table 4.1.149-Results of regression
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Table 4.1.152-Value of household as
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Table 4.1.156-Value of household as
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Table 4.1.160-Housing characteristi
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Table 4.1.162-Housing characteristi
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Table 4.1.165-Main source of water
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Table 4.1.170-Source of information
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Table 4.1.176-Source of information
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Table 4.1.181-Regression for percei
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Table 4.2.5-Change in number of veh
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Table 4.2.12-Availability and sourc
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Table 4.2.21-Number of GFs per vill
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Table 4.2.30-Percentage of villages
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Table 4.2.34-Distribution of villag
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Table 4.3.1-Distribution of GVs by
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Table 4.3.9-Number of each type of
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Table 4.3.12-Percentage of secretar
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Table 4.3.19-Distribution of GVs by
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Table 4.3.24-Percentage of inputs s
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Table 4.3.32-Average value of curre
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Table 4.3.40-Percentage of GVs in w
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CHAPTER 5 - RESULTS FROM THE MALAWI
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The weights are used to calculate a
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On average, around 20 percent of th
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agricultural work. Other less commo
Page 246 and 247: 5.1.4 Time allocation In Malawi, as
Page 248 and 249: attributed it to the fact that fert
Page 250 and 251: insignificant. The coefficient on t
Page 252 and 253: As in the results from the previous
Page 254 and 255: most important sources of input on
Page 256 and 257: applied for credit compared to 20 p
Page 258 and 259: less than 1 mt per ha which are fai
Page 260 and 261: 5.1.9 Agricultural marketing Market
Page 262 and 263: Households that belong to a club al
Page 264 and 265: most important contractors are the
Page 266 and 267: indicates that the extent of povert
Page 268 and 269: wheat, and fruits and nuts, a highe
Page 270 and 271: Surprisingly, the education of the
Page 272 and 273: Housing characteristics The overwhe
Page 274 and 275: It was also important to find out w
Page 276 and 277: Surprisingly, tobacco growers are m
Page 278 and 279: Over three-quarter of the EPAs repo
Page 280 and 281: The changes in the number and types
Page 282 and 283: 5.2.11 Storage Facilities On averag
Page 284 and 285: Table 5.2 - Household characteristi
Page 286 and 287: Table 5.7 - Percentage of household
Page 288 and 289: Table 5.12 - Farm labor use and all
Page 290 and 291: Table 5.15 - Determinants of the de
Page 292 and 293: Table 5.17 - Sources of fertilizer
Page 294 and 295: Table 5.22 - Access and use of cred
Page 298 and 299: Table 5.29 - Percent of households
Page 300 and 301: Table 5.34 - Crop disposal by type
Page 302 and 303: Table 5.38 - Determinants of Market
Page 304 and 305: Table 5.42 - Summary of expenditure
Page 306 and 307: Table 5.45 - Food consumption by so
Page 312 and 313: Table 5.51 - Food consumption by ex
Page 314 and 315: Table 5.56 - Determinants of per ca
Page 316 and 317: Table 5.59 Percent of households ow
Page 318 and 319: Table 5.62 - Characteristics of the
Page 320 and 321: Table 5.68 - Determinants of percei
Page 322 and 323: Table 5.71 - Average yields per cro
Page 324 and 325: Table 5.77 - Changes in the availab
Page 326 and 327: Figure 5.1 Distribution of househol
Page 328 and 329: Figure 5.7 - Percentage of Househol
Page 330 and 331: CHAPTER 6 - SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AN
Page 332 and 333: Fertilizer Half of the far
Page 334 and 335: Regression analysis indicates that
Page 336 and 337: Among those seeing improvement, the
Page 338 and 339: Agricultural markets Three quart
Page 340 and 341: The economic reforms have boosted p
Page 342 and 343: department. The farms with very lit
Page 344 and 345: Strengthen the extension service by
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The most time-consuming agricultura
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Most common means of transport to t
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Small farmers in Malawi are mainly
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households have less assets and les
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Place more serious efforts to impro
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REFERENCES Ahoyo Adjovi, N.R. and F
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