Impact Of Agricultural Market Reforms On Smallholder Farmers In ...

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Table 4.2.30-Percentage of villages reporting production of each crop Region North Center South Total Maize 66% 61% 85% 74% Rice 50% 17% 0% 19% Sorghum/millet 62% 56% 0% 31% Beans 66% 61% 83% 73% Groundnut 54% 61% 72% 64% Manioc 47% 56% 87% 68% Yams 66% 22% 0% 25% Tomatoes 37% 44% 71% 55% Cotton 92% 89% 24% 59% Cashew nut 29% 28% 0% 15% Source: IFPRI-LARES Community Survey Table 4.2.31-Average yield by crop by region (tons/ha) Region North Center South Total Maize 1.44 1.05 .83 1.09 Rice 1.39 2.83 2.50 1.62 Sorghum/millet .97 .71 . .91 Beans .83 .63 .27 .53 Groundnut 1.21 .57 .46 .75 Manioc 9.95 6.98 8.71 8.86 Yams 18.40 8.00 15.54 16.98 Tomatoes 1.75 2.64 5.12 3.85 Cotton 1.08 .71 .98 .95 Cashew nut 1.69 1.05 . 1.52 Source: IFPRI-LARES Community Survey Table 4.2.32-Distribution of villages by commodity balance Deficit Self-sufficient Surplus Not applicable Total Maize 38% 28% 34% 100% Rice 72% 6% 2% 21% 100% Sorghum/m 40% 14% 16% 30% 100% illet Bean 60% 28% 11% 1% 100% Groundnut 37% 34% 24% 4% 100% Manioc 20% 28% 46% 6% 100% Yam 55% 14% 21% 10% 100% Tomato 39% 16% 32% 13% 100% <strong>On</strong>ions 64% 1% 35% 100% Source: IFPRI-LARES Community Survey 213
Table 4.2.33-Commodity balance in each crop for each region Region North Center South Total Maize Deficit 46% 42% 32% 38% Self-sufficient 26% 21% 32% 28% Surplus 28% 37% 36% 34% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% Rice Deficit 63% 16% 100% 72% Self-sufficient 9% 16% 6% Surplus 5% 2% Not applicable 22% 68% 21% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% Sorghum/millet Deficit 26% 21% 56% 40% Self-sufficient 32% 21% 14% Surplus 41% 16% 16% Not applicable 42% 44% 30% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% Bean Deficit 56% 58% 63% 60% Self-sufficient 30% 37% 23% 28% Surplus 10% 5% 14% 11% Not applicable 4% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% Groundnut Deficit 51% 21% 36% 37% Self-sufficient 10% 53% 41% 34% Surplus 24% 26% 24% 24% Not applicable 14% 4% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% Manioc Deficit 31% 16% 15% 20% Self-sufficient 35% 32% 22% 28% Surplus 18% 47% 63% 46% Not applicable 16% 5% 6% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% Yam Deficit 16% 28% 92% 55% Self-sufficient 36% 11% 14% Surplus 41% 22% 8% 21% Not applicable 7% 39% 10% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% Tomato Deficit 49% 63% 24% 39% Self-sufficient 7% 26% 18% 16% Surplus 6% 5% 59% 32% Not applicable 38% 5% 13% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% Source: IFPRI-LARES Community Survey 214
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IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL MARKET REFOR
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TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 - INTRO
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5.1.10 Expenditure patterns .......
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CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION 1.1 Backgr
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villageois, (GV)) was needed as the
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CHAPTER 2: POLICY BACKGROUND FOR BE
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2.3 Evolution of Economic Policy 2.
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Under pressure from the World Bank
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anking system has been restored to
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Fertilizer can be imported outside
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particularly urban wage-earners. On
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Soulé (1996) describes the evoluti
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led to a more sustainable agricultu
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Table 2.4 - Gross farm revenue from
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Malawi’s economy is heavily depen
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the reduction of its operations in
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crops is also difficult because tob
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Table 3.1 CROP 1982/83 1983/84 1984
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CHAPTER 4: RESULTS OF THE BÉNIN SM
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where W v is the weight for a house
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heads. This suggests that some of t
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And school attendance is much highe
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Crop production is the main activit
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(33 percent). Livestock income is m
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Somewhat surprisingly, the relation
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It is no more common among richer h
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production, and women actually spen
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Seed use by crop Although only 18 p
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Looking at the results by departmen
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Ouémé presents an unusual case: j
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Market prices have significant effe
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policies of SONAPRA to discourage
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crops are responsible for this incr
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Respondents were asked whether the
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Female-headed households, not surpr
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households are not considered credi
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In almost every category of agricul
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This discussion implies that farms
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eturns per hectare and labor-intens
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farm household and tends to be smal
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Surprisingly, the value of sales as
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Finally, proximity to an all-season
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Changes in crop marketing In this s
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Poor households are more likely to
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it is clear that virtually all grow
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production to total expenditure is
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a significant number of household (
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non-food spending. These are follow
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Larger farms are associated with hi
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This would not be surprising in lig
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Female-headed households appear to
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poorest expenditure category to jus
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headed household were more likely t
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Households in every expenditure cat
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An important result of this analysi
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oad network, although those citing
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questions posed by the IFPRI-LARES
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With regard to cotton marketing, al
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Village leaders were asked to ident
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Marketing patterns Village leaders
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4.3: Results of the Bénin Survey o
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4.3.2 Survey methods At the time of
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officers have CM2 certificates. Thi
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Suppliers The GV representatives we
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Cotton area per GV ranges from 145
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The largest cost items are schools
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members and 10 percent of the membe
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Table 4.1.1-Description of sample o
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Table 4.1.7-Age, education, and lit
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Table 4.1.13-Ethnic background of h
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Table 4.1.19-Importance of each sou
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Table 4.1.25-Number of plots and ar
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Table 4.1.31-Land tenure by expendi
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Table 4.1.37-Change in labor alloca
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Table 4.1.42-Seed use by sex of hea
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Table 4.1.47-Perceived change in av
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Table 4.1.54-Share of producers of
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Table 4.1.59-Fertilizer use by farm
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Table 4.1.64-Characteristics of fer
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Table 4.1.69-Change in fertilizer a
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Table 4.1.75-Allocation of labor by
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Table 4.1.82-Allocation of labor by
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Table 4.1.89-Change in credit avail
Page 170 and 171: Table 4.1.94-Percent of households
Page 174 and 175: Table 4.1.102-Area allocation by cr
Page 176 and 177: Table 4.1.106-Area allocation by cr
Page 178 and 179: Table 4.1.110-Marketed share of out
Page 180 and 181: Table 4.1.114-Marketed share of out
Page 182 and 183: Table 4.1.117-Regression for market
Page 184 and 185: Table 4.1.120-Change in the type of
Page 186 and 187: Table 4.1.128-Perceived change in r
Page 188 and 189: Table 4.1.135-Main reason for stori
Page 190 and 191: Table 4.1.140-Summary of food expen
Page 194 and 195: Table 4.1.144-Food consumption by e
Page 196 and 197: Table 4.1.149-Results of regression
Page 198 and 199: Table 4.1.152-Value of household as
Page 200 and 201: Table 4.1.156-Value of household as
Page 202 and 203: Table 4.1.160-Housing characteristi
Page 204 and 205: Table 4.1.162-Housing characteristi
Page 206 and 207: Table 4.1.165-Main source of water
Page 208 and 209: Table 4.1.170-Source of information
Page 210 and 211: Table 4.1.176-Source of information
Page 212 and 213: Table 4.1.181-Regression for percei
Page 214 and 215: Table 4.2.5-Change in number of veh
Page 216 and 217: Table 4.2.12-Availability and sourc
Page 218 and 219: Table 4.2.21-Number of GFs per vill
Page 222 and 223: Table 4.2.34-Distribution of villag
Page 224 and 225: Table 4.3.1-Distribution of GVs by
Page 226 and 227: Table 4.3.9-Number of each type of
Page 228 and 229: Table 4.3.12-Percentage of secretar
Page 230 and 231: Table 4.3.19-Distribution of GVs by
Page 232 and 233: Table 4.3.24-Percentage of inputs s
Page 234 and 235: Table 4.3.32-Average value of curre
Page 236 and 237: Table 4.3.40-Percentage of GVs in w
Page 238 and 239: CHAPTER 5 - RESULTS FROM THE MALAWI
Page 240 and 241: The weights are used to calculate a
Page 242 and 243: On average, around 20 percent of th
Page 244 and 245: agricultural work. Other less commo
Page 246 and 247: 5.1.4 Time allocation In Malawi, as
Page 248 and 249: attributed it to the fact that fert
Page 250 and 251: insignificant. The coefficient on t
Page 252 and 253: As in the results from the previous
Page 254 and 255: most important sources of input on
Page 256 and 257: applied for credit compared to 20 p
Page 258 and 259: less than 1 mt per ha which are fai
Page 260 and 261: 5.1.9 Agricultural marketing Market
Page 262 and 263: Households that belong to a club al
Page 264 and 265: most important contractors are the
Page 266 and 267: indicates that the extent of povert
Page 268 and 269: wheat, and fruits and nuts, a highe
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Surprisingly, the education of the
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Housing characteristics The overwhe
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It was also important to find out w
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Surprisingly, tobacco growers are m
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Over three-quarter of the EPAs repo
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The changes in the number and types
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5.2.11 Storage Facilities On averag
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Table 5.2 - Household characteristi
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Table 5.7 - Percentage of household
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Table 5.12 - Farm labor use and all
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Table 5.15 - Determinants of the de
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Table 5.17 - Sources of fertilizer
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Table 5.22 - Access and use of cred
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Table 5.25 - Percent of households
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Table 5.34 - Crop disposal by type
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Table 5.38 - Determinants of Market
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Table 5.42 - Summary of expenditure
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Table 5.45 - Food consumption by so
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Table 5.51 - Food consumption by ex
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Table 5.56 - Determinants of per ca
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Table 5.59 Percent of households ow
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Table 5.62 - Characteristics of the
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Table 5.68 - Determinants of percei
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Table 5.71 - Average yields per cro
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Table 5.77 - Changes in the availab
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Figure 5.1 Distribution of househol
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Figure 5.7 - Percentage of Househol
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CHAPTER 6 - SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AN
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Fertilizer Half of the far
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Regression analysis indicates that
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Among those seeing improvement, the
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Agricultural markets Three quart
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The economic reforms have boosted p
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department. The farms with very lit
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Strengthen the extension service by
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The most time-consuming agricultura
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Most common means of transport to t
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Small farmers in Malawi are mainly
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households have less assets and les
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Place more serious efforts to impro
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REFERENCES Ahoyo Adjovi, N.R. and F
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