Impact Of Agricultural Market Reforms On Smallholder Farmers In ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Table 4.1.75-Allocation of labor by activity and department Department Atacora Atlantique Borgou Mono Ouémé Zou Total Land preparation 24% 37% 23% 19% 39% 20% 26% Planting 10% 12% 8% 9% 12% 7% 10% Weeding 29% 28% 30% 44% 23% 42% 33% Fertilization 1% 0% 2% 3% 1% 2% 2% Harvest 24% 18% 33% 22% 22% 21% 23% Processing 11% 6% 4% 4% 2% 8% 6% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Person-days/farm 740 352 897 245 346 787 565 Person days/ha 227 139 162 134 179 172 170 Source: IFPRI-LARES Small Farmer Survey. Table 4.1.76-Allocation of labor by activity and farm size category Farm size category (quintile) Smallest 2 3 4 Largest Total Land preparation 26% 29% 27% 28% 22% 26% Planting 11% 10% 11% 9% 8% 10% Weeding 36% 33% 33% 32% 35% 33% Fertilization 2% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% Harvest 21% 22% 22% 23% 28% 23% Processing 5% 6% 6% 7% 6% 6% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Person-days/farm 155 280 426 678 1,256 565 Person-days/ha 348 206 190 176 148 170 Source: IFPRI-LARES Small Farmer Survey. Table 4.1.77-Allocation of labor by activity and crop Maize Sorghum/ Cowpeas Manioc Yams Cotton millet Land preparation 27% 18% 20% 32% 34% 13% Planting 10% 10% 9% 13% 17% 7% Weeding 35% 36% 30% 38% 23% 22% Fertilization 2% 0% 1% 0% 0% 7% Harvest 20% 23% 28% 14% 20% 49% Processing 7% 13% 11% 4% 6% 3% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Person-days/farm 133 75 82 103 89 214 Ha of crop/farm 1.12 .86 .58 .73 .47 1.38 Person-days/ha 119 88 142 142 190 155 Source: IFPRI-LARES Small Farmer Survey. Note: Results exclude intercropped plots because of the difficulty of attributing labor to each crop. 157
Table 4.1.78-Share of each type of labor by department Department Atacora Atlantique Borgou Mono Ouémé Zou Total Family labor 86% 57% 87% 87% 59% 79% 76% Male family labor 56% 30% 59% 52% 33% 35% 44% Female family labor 25% 23% 21% 32% 16% 30% 25% Child family labor 5% 4% 7% 3% 9% 14% 8% Hired labor 14% 43% 13% 13% 41% 21% 24% Total labor 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Percent of households 80% 93% 80% 68% 93% 76% 81% using hired labor Source: IFPRI-LARES Small Farmer Survey. Table 4.1.79-Share of each type of labor by sex of head Sex of household head Male Female Total Family labor 77% 68% 76% Male family labor 45% 17% 44% Female family labor 24% 38% 25% Child family labor 7% 12% 8% Hired labor 23% 32% 24% Total labor 100% 100% 100% Percent of households using hired labor 80% 94% 81% Source: IFPRI-LARES Small Farmer Survey. Table 4.1.80-Share of each type of labor by expenditure category Expenditure category (quintile) Poorest 2 3 4 Richest Total Family labor 83% 80% 79% 74% 66% 76% Male family labor 49% 43% 46% 43% 38% 44% Female family labor 27% 28% 26% 23% 21% 25% Child family labor 8% 8% 7% 8% 7% 8% Hired labor 17% 20% 21% 26% 34% 24% Total labor 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Percent of households using hired labor 78% 75% 81% 85% 85% 81% Source: IFPRI-LARES Small Farmer Survey. Table 4.1.81-Share of each type of labor by crop Maize Sorghum/ Cowpeas Manioc Yams Cotton millet Family labor 75% 90% 84% 70% 85% 79% Male family labor 39% 55% 41% 47% 70% 40% Female family labor 27% 26% 33% 16% 11% 31% Child family labor 8% 8% 10% 7% 5% 8% Hired labor 25% 10% 16% 30% 15% 21% Total labor 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Percent of households using hired labor 68% 44% 51% 62% 50% 74% Source: IFPRI-LARES Small Farmer Survey. 158
Page 1 and 2:
IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL MARKET REFOR
Page 4 and 5:
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 - INTRO
Page 6 and 7:
5.1.10 Expenditure patterns .......
Page 8 and 9:
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION 1.1 Backgr
Page 10 and 11:
villageois, (GV)) was needed as the
Page 12 and 13:
CHAPTER 2: POLICY BACKGROUND FOR BE
Page 14 and 15:
2.3 Evolution of Economic Policy 2.
Page 16 and 17:
Under pressure from the World Bank
Page 18 and 19:
anking system has been restored to
Page 20 and 21:
Fertilizer can be imported outside
Page 22 and 23:
particularly urban wage-earners. On
Page 24 and 25:
Soulé (1996) describes the evoluti
Page 26 and 27:
led to a more sustainable agricultu
Page 28:
Table 2.4 - Gross farm revenue from
Page 31 and 32:
Malawi’s economy is heavily depen
Page 33 and 34:
the reduction of its operations in
Page 35 and 36:
crops is also difficult because tob
Page 37 and 38:
Table 3.1 CROP 1982/83 1983/84 1984
Page 40 and 41:
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS OF THE BÉNIN SM
Page 42 and 43:
where W v is the weight for a house
Page 44 and 45:
heads. This suggests that some of t
Page 46 and 47:
And school attendance is much highe
Page 48 and 49:
Crop production is the main activit
Page 50 and 51:
(33 percent). Livestock income is m
Page 52 and 53:
Somewhat surprisingly, the relation
Page 54 and 55:
It is no more common among richer h
Page 56 and 57:
production, and women actually spen
Page 58 and 59:
Seed use by crop Although only 18 p
Page 60 and 61:
Looking at the results by departmen
Page 62 and 63:
Ouémé presents an unusual case: j
Page 64 and 65:
Market prices have significant effe
Page 66 and 67:
policies of SONAPRA to discourage
Page 68 and 69:
crops are responsible for this incr
Page 70 and 71:
Respondents were asked whether the
Page 72 and 73:
Female-headed households, not surpr
Page 74 and 75:
households are not considered credi
Page 76 and 77:
In almost every category of agricul
Page 78 and 79:
This discussion implies that farms
Page 80 and 81:
eturns per hectare and labor-intens
Page 82 and 83:
farm household and tends to be smal
Page 84 and 85:
Surprisingly, the value of sales as
Page 86 and 87:
Finally, proximity to an all-season
Page 88 and 89:
Changes in crop marketing In this s
Page 90 and 91:
Poor households are more likely to
Page 92 and 93:
it is clear that virtually all grow
Page 94 and 95:
production to total expenditure is
Page 96 and 97:
a significant number of household (
Page 98 and 99:
non-food spending. These are follow
Page 100 and 101:
Larger farms are associated with hi
Page 102 and 103:
This would not be surprising in lig
Page 104 and 105:
Female-headed households appear to
Page 106 and 107:
poorest expenditure category to jus
Page 108 and 109:
headed household were more likely t
Page 110 and 111:
Households in every expenditure cat
Page 112 and 113:
An important result of this analysi
Page 114 and 115: oad network, although those citing
Page 116 and 117: questions posed by the IFPRI-LARES
Page 118 and 119: With regard to cotton marketing, al
Page 120 and 121: Village leaders were asked to ident
Page 122 and 123: Marketing patterns Village leaders
Page 124 and 125: 4.3: Results of the Bénin Survey o
Page 126 and 127: 4.3.2 Survey methods At the time of
Page 128 and 129: officers have CM2 certificates. Thi
Page 130 and 131: Suppliers The GV representatives we
Page 132 and 133: Cotton area per GV ranges from 145
Page 134 and 135: The largest cost items are schools
Page 136 and 137: members and 10 percent of the membe
Page 138 and 139: Table 4.1.1-Description of sample o
Page 140 and 141: Table 4.1.7-Age, education, and lit
Page 142 and 143: Table 4.1.13-Ethnic background of h
Page 144 and 145: Table 4.1.19-Importance of each sou
Page 146 and 147: Table 4.1.25-Number of plots and ar
Page 148 and 149: Table 4.1.31-Land tenure by expendi
Page 150 and 151: Table 4.1.37-Change in labor alloca
Page 152 and 153: Table 4.1.42-Seed use by sex of hea
Page 154 and 155: Table 4.1.47-Perceived change in av
Page 156 and 157: Table 4.1.54-Share of producers of
Page 158 and 159: Table 4.1.59-Fertilizer use by farm
Page 160 and 161: Table 4.1.64-Characteristics of fer
Page 162 and 163: Table 4.1.69-Change in fertilizer a
Page 166 and 167: Table 4.1.82-Allocation of labor by
Page 168 and 169: Table 4.1.89-Change in credit avail
Page 170 and 171: Table 4.1.94-Percent of households
Page 174 and 175: Table 4.1.102-Area allocation by cr
Page 176 and 177: Table 4.1.106-Area allocation by cr
Page 178 and 179: Table 4.1.110-Marketed share of out
Page 180 and 181: Table 4.1.114-Marketed share of out
Page 182 and 183: Table 4.1.117-Regression for market
Page 184 and 185: Table 4.1.120-Change in the type of
Page 186 and 187: Table 4.1.128-Perceived change in r
Page 188 and 189: Table 4.1.135-Main reason for stori
Page 190 and 191: Table 4.1.140-Summary of food expen
Page 194 and 195: Table 4.1.144-Food consumption by e
Page 196 and 197: Table 4.1.149-Results of regression
Page 198 and 199: Table 4.1.152-Value of household as
Page 200 and 201: Table 4.1.156-Value of household as
Page 202 and 203: Table 4.1.160-Housing characteristi
Page 204 and 205: Table 4.1.162-Housing characteristi
Page 206 and 207: Table 4.1.165-Main source of water
Page 208 and 209: Table 4.1.170-Source of information
Page 210 and 211: Table 4.1.176-Source of information
Page 212 and 213: Table 4.1.181-Regression for percei
Page 214 and 215:
Table 4.2.5-Change in number of veh
Page 216 and 217:
Table 4.2.12-Availability and sourc
Page 218 and 219:
Table 4.2.21-Number of GFs per vill
Page 220 and 221:
Table 4.2.30-Percentage of villages
Page 222 and 223:
Table 4.2.34-Distribution of villag
Page 224 and 225:
Table 4.3.1-Distribution of GVs by
Page 226 and 227:
Table 4.3.9-Number of each type of
Page 228 and 229:
Table 4.3.12-Percentage of secretar
Page 230 and 231:
Table 4.3.19-Distribution of GVs by
Page 232 and 233:
Table 4.3.24-Percentage of inputs s
Page 234 and 235:
Table 4.3.32-Average value of curre
Page 236 and 237:
Table 4.3.40-Percentage of GVs in w
Page 238 and 239:
CHAPTER 5 - RESULTS FROM THE MALAWI
Page 240 and 241:
The weights are used to calculate a
Page 242 and 243:
On average, around 20 percent of th
Page 244 and 245:
agricultural work. Other less commo
Page 246 and 247:
5.1.4 Time allocation In Malawi, as
Page 248 and 249:
attributed it to the fact that fert
Page 250 and 251:
insignificant. The coefficient on t
Page 252 and 253:
As in the results from the previous
Page 254 and 255:
most important sources of input on
Page 256 and 257:
applied for credit compared to 20 p
Page 258 and 259:
less than 1 mt per ha which are fai
Page 260 and 261:
5.1.9 Agricultural marketing Market
Page 262 and 263:
Households that belong to a club al
Page 264 and 265:
most important contractors are the
Page 266 and 267:
indicates that the extent of povert
Page 268 and 269:
wheat, and fruits and nuts, a highe
Page 270 and 271:
Surprisingly, the education of the
Page 272 and 273:
Housing characteristics The overwhe
Page 274 and 275:
It was also important to find out w
Page 276 and 277:
Surprisingly, tobacco growers are m
Page 278 and 279:
Over three-quarter of the EPAs repo
Page 280 and 281:
The changes in the number and types
Page 282 and 283:
5.2.11 Storage Facilities On averag
Page 284 and 285:
Table 5.2 - Household characteristi
Page 286 and 287:
Table 5.7 - Percentage of household
Page 288 and 289:
Table 5.12 - Farm labor use and all
Page 290 and 291:
Table 5.15 - Determinants of the de
Page 292 and 293:
Table 5.17 - Sources of fertilizer
Page 294 and 295:
Table 5.22 - Access and use of cred
Page 296 and 297:
Table 5.25 - Percent of households
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Table 5.34 - Crop disposal by type
Page 302 and 303:
Table 5.38 - Determinants of Market
Page 304 and 305:
Table 5.42 - Summary of expenditure
Page 306 and 307:
Table 5.45 - Food consumption by so
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Table 5.51 - Food consumption by ex
Page 314 and 315:
Table 5.56 - Determinants of per ca
Page 316 and 317:
Table 5.59 Percent of households ow
Page 318 and 319:
Table 5.62 - Characteristics of the
Page 320 and 321:
Table 5.68 - Determinants of percei
Page 322 and 323:
Table 5.71 - Average yields per cro
Page 324 and 325:
Table 5.77 - Changes in the availab
Page 326 and 327:
Figure 5.1 Distribution of househol
Page 328 and 329:
Figure 5.7 - Percentage of Househol
Page 330 and 331:
CHAPTER 6 - SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AN
Page 332 and 333:
Fertilizer Half of the far
Page 334 and 335:
Regression analysis indicates that
Page 336 and 337:
Among those seeing improvement, the
Page 338 and 339:
Agricultural markets Three quart
Page 340 and 341:
The economic reforms have boosted p
Page 342 and 343:
department. The farms with very lit
Page 344 and 345:
Strengthen the extension service by
Page 346 and 347:
The most time-consuming agricultura
Page 348 and 349:
Most common means of transport to t
Page 350 and 351:
Small farmers in Malawi are mainly
Page 352 and 353:
households have less assets and les
Page 354 and 355:
Place more serious efforts to impro
Page 356 and 357:
REFERENCES Ahoyo Adjovi, N.R. and F
show all

Impact Of Agricultural Market Reforms On Smallholder Farmers In ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?