Impact Of Agricultural Market Reforms On Smallholder Farmers In ...
Impact Of Agricultural Market Reforms On Smallholder Farmers In ... Impact Of Agricultural Market Reforms On Smallholder Farmers In ...
Table 4.1.31-Land tenure by expenditure category (% of area) Expenditure category (quintile) Poorest 2 3 4 Richest Total Own 74% 68% 65% 63% 67% 67% Sharecrop 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 1% Rent 6% 9% 3% 3% 7% 5% Use without pay 13% 12% 13% 11% 7% 11% Common property 5% 11% 18% 22% 16% 15% Other 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Source: IFPRI-LARES Small Farmer Survey. Table 4.1.32-Acquisition of owned land by department (% of area) Department Atacora Atlantique Borgou Mono Ouémé Zou Total Inherited/donation 100% 78% 65% 87% 62% 90% 81% Purchased . 21% 0% 13% 36% 8% 9% Other 0% 1% 35% 0% 2% 2% 10% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Source: IFPRI-LARES Small Farmer Survey. Table 4.1.33-Source of water by department (% of area) Department Atacora Atlantique Borgou Mono Ouémé Zou Total Rain water 100% 100% 99% 91% 73% 98% 96% Irrigation . 0% 7% 0% 0% 1% 1% Bas-fond . 1% 2% 26% 2% 3% 3% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Source: IFPRI-LARES Small Farmer Survey. Table 4.1.34-Allocation of labor by sex and season (hours) Adult male Adult female Rainy Dry Average Rainy Dry Average Agricultural production 7.6 4.2 4.9 2.7 4.9 7.6 Post-harvest activities 1.4 2.4 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.4 Non-agricultural work 2.0 3.3 2.1 3.1 2.6 2.0 Leisure 3.3 4.2 1.9 2.2 3.0 3.3 Personal time 9.2 9.3 8.6 8.7 9.0 9.2 Household work .2 .2 2.8 2.8 1.5 .2 Fuelwood collection .2 .3 1.2 1.2 .7 .2 Water collection .1 .2 .9 1.3 .6 .1 Total 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 Source: IFPRI/LARES Small Farmer Survey. 141
Table 4.1.35-Allocation of labor by sex and department (hours) Department Atacora Atlantique Borgou Mono Ouémé Zou Average Adult male Agricultural production 5.7 6.4 7.0 6.0 4.7 5.7 5.9 Post-harvest activities 2.0 2.7 1.6 2.4 1.6 1.3 1.9 Non-agricultural work 2.8 3.1 2.0 2.0 4.7 1.8 2.7 Leisure 3.4 2.6 4.4 3.5 3.0 5.1 3.8 Personal time 9.4 9.0 8.6 9.3 9.3 9.6 9.2 Household work .1 .1 .2 .3 .4 .2 .2 Fuelwood collection .5 .1 .1 .4 .2 .2 .3 Water collection .2 .0 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Total 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 Adult female Agricultural production 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.3 2.3 4.3 3.8 Post-harvest activities 2.2 2.2 1.1 1.1 2.4 1.4 1.7 Non-agricultural work 2.4 3.6 1.5 2.8 4.5 1.3 2.6 Leisure 1.4 1.5 2.7 1.7 1.6 3.1 2.1 Personal time 8.4 8.2 8.0 9.0 8.9 9.1 8.7 Household work 2.7 2.4 3.6 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.8 Fuelwood collection 1.6 1.0 1.6 1.3 .8 1.2 1.2 Water collection 1.3 .9 1.5 1.0 .8 1.1 1.1 Total 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 Source: IFPRI/LARES Small Farmer Survey. Table 4.1.36-Allocation of labor by sex and expenditure category (hours) Expenditure category (quintile) Poorest 2 3 4 Richest Average Adult male Agricultural production 5.8 5.7 6.3 6.0 5.6 5.9 Post-harvest activities 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.7 2.2 1.9 Non-agricultural work 2.4 2.6 2.2 2.8 3.2 2.7 Leisure 3.8 4.0 4.1 3.5 3.4 3.8 Personal time 9.3 9.3 9.2 9.3 9.1 9.2 Household work .3 .2 .2 .3 .3 .2 Fuelwood collection .4 .3 .2 .2 .1 .3 Water collection .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Total 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 Adult female Agricultural production 3.6 3.8 3.8 4.2 3.5 3.8 Post-harvest activities 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.4 2.0 1.7 Non-agricultural work 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.6 3.3 2.6 Leisure 1.9 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.1 Personal time 8.7 8.6 8.5 8.8 8.6 8.7 Household work 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.8 Fuelwood collection 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 Water collection 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 Total 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 Source: IFPRI/LARES Small Farmer Survey 142
- Page 98 and 99: non-food spending. These are follow
- Page 100 and 101: Larger farms are associated with hi
- Page 102 and 103: This would not be surprising in lig
- Page 104 and 105: Female-headed households appear to
- Page 106 and 107: poorest expenditure category to jus
- Page 108 and 109: headed household were more likely t
- Page 110 and 111: Households in every expenditure cat
- Page 112 and 113: An important result of this analysi
- Page 114 and 115: oad network, although those citing
- Page 116 and 117: questions posed by the IFPRI-LARES
- Page 118 and 119: With regard to cotton marketing, al
- Page 120 and 121: Village leaders were asked to ident
- Page 122 and 123: Marketing patterns Village leaders
- Page 124 and 125: 4.3: Results of the Bénin Survey o
- Page 126 and 127: 4.3.2 Survey methods At the time of
- Page 128 and 129: officers have CM2 certificates. Thi
- Page 130 and 131: Suppliers The GV representatives we
- Page 132 and 133: Cotton area per GV ranges from 145
- Page 134 and 135: The largest cost items are schools
- Page 136 and 137: members and 10 percent of the membe
- Page 138 and 139: Table 4.1.1-Description of sample o
- Page 140 and 141: Table 4.1.7-Age, education, and lit
- Page 142 and 143: Table 4.1.13-Ethnic background of h
- Page 144 and 145: Table 4.1.19-Importance of each sou
- Page 146 and 147: Table 4.1.25-Number of plots and ar
- Page 150 and 151: Table 4.1.37-Change in labor alloca
- Page 152 and 153: Table 4.1.42-Seed use by sex of hea
- Page 154 and 155: Table 4.1.47-Perceived change in av
- Page 156 and 157: Table 4.1.54-Share of producers of
- Page 158 and 159: Table 4.1.59-Fertilizer use by farm
- Page 160 and 161: Table 4.1.64-Characteristics of fer
- Page 162 and 163: Table 4.1.69-Change in fertilizer a
- Page 164 and 165: Table 4.1.75-Allocation of labor by
- Page 166 and 167: Table 4.1.82-Allocation of labor by
- Page 168 and 169: Table 4.1.89-Change in credit avail
- Page 170 and 171: Table 4.1.94-Percent of households
- Page 172 and 173: Table 4.1.98-Percent of households
- Page 174 and 175: Table 4.1.102-Area allocation by cr
- Page 176 and 177: Table 4.1.106-Area allocation by cr
- Page 178 and 179: Table 4.1.110-Marketed share of out
- Page 180 and 181: Table 4.1.114-Marketed share of out
- Page 182 and 183: Table 4.1.117-Regression for market
- Page 184 and 185: Table 4.1.120-Change in the type of
- Page 186 and 187: Table 4.1.128-Perceived change in r
- Page 188 and 189: Table 4.1.135-Main reason for stori
- Page 190 and 191: Table 4.1.140-Summary of food expen
- Page 192 and 193: Table 4.1.142-Percent of households
- Page 194 and 195: Table 4.1.144-Food consumption by e
- Page 196 and 197: Table 4.1.149-Results of regression
Table 4.1.35-Allocation of labor by sex and department (hours)<br />
Department<br />
Atacora Atlantique Borgou Mono Ouémé Zou Average<br />
Adult male<br />
<strong>Agricultural</strong> production 5.7 6.4 7.0 6.0 4.7 5.7 5.9<br />
Post-harvest activities 2.0 2.7 1.6 2.4 1.6 1.3 1.9<br />
Non-agricultural work 2.8 3.1 2.0 2.0 4.7 1.8 2.7<br />
Leisure 3.4 2.6 4.4 3.5 3.0 5.1 3.8<br />
Personal time 9.4 9.0 8.6 9.3 9.3 9.6 9.2<br />
Household work .1 .1 .2 .3 .4 .2 .2<br />
Fuelwood collection .5 .1 .1 .4 .2 .2 .3<br />
Water collection .2 .0 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1<br />
Total 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0<br />
Adult female<br />
<strong>Agricultural</strong> production 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.3 2.3 4.3 3.8<br />
Post-harvest activities 2.2 2.2 1.1 1.1 2.4 1.4 1.7<br />
Non-agricultural work 2.4 3.6 1.5 2.8 4.5 1.3 2.6<br />
Leisure 1.4 1.5 2.7 1.7 1.6 3.1 2.1<br />
Personal time 8.4 8.2 8.0 9.0 8.9 9.1 8.7<br />
Household work 2.7 2.4 3.6 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.8<br />
Fuelwood collection 1.6 1.0 1.6 1.3 .8 1.2 1.2<br />
Water collection 1.3 .9 1.5 1.0 .8 1.1 1.1<br />
Total 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0<br />
Source: IFPRI/LARES Small Farmer Survey.<br />
Table 4.1.36-Allocation of labor by sex and expenditure category (hours)<br />
Expenditure category (quintile)<br />
Poorest 2 3 4 Richest Average<br />
Adult male<br />
<strong>Agricultural</strong> production 5.8 5.7 6.3 6.0 5.6 5.9<br />
Post-harvest activities 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.7 2.2 1.9<br />
Non-agricultural work 2.4 2.6 2.2 2.8 3.2 2.7<br />
Leisure 3.8 4.0 4.1 3.5 3.4 3.8<br />
Personal time 9.3 9.3 9.2 9.3 9.1 9.2<br />
Household work .3 .2 .2 .3 .3 .2<br />
Fuelwood collection .4 .3 .2 .2 .1 .3<br />
Water collection .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1<br />
Total 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0<br />
Adult female<br />
<strong>Agricultural</strong> production 3.6 3.8 3.8 4.2 3.5 3.8<br />
Post-harvest activities 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.4 2.0 1.7<br />
Non-agricultural work 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.6 3.3 2.6<br />
Leisure 1.9 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.1<br />
Personal time 8.7 8.6 8.5 8.8 8.6 8.7<br />
Household work 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.8<br />
Fuelwood collection 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2<br />
Water collection 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1<br />
Total 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0<br />
Source: IFPRI/LARES Small Farmer Survey<br />
142