Impact Of Agricultural Market Reforms On Smallholder Farmers In ...
Impact Of Agricultural Market Reforms On Smallholder Farmers In ... Impact Of Agricultural Market Reforms On Smallholder Farmers In ...
members and 10 percent of the members in GVs reporting the problem. The problem appears to be more prevalent in Mono/Ouémé, where almost one quarter of all GV members are in default (see Table 4.3.42). Loan defaulters are rarely expelled from the GV: three-quarters of the GVs said they "never" removed a farmer from the GV for this reason. Cutting off the credit for defaulters is also fairly uncommon. Almost37 percent of the GVs say they "never" do this and only 3 percent "always” do it. The most common response is to oblige relatives of the defaulting member to pay the debt: 48 percent of the GVs say this is” always" or "generally" done. In other cases, other GV members pay the debt (see Table 4.3.43). Changes in problems since 1992 The GV representatives were asked to evaluate different aspects of the input distribution system compared to 1992. The main reform of the input delivery system since that year is the introduction of private traders who import inputs on behalf of SONAPRA. In general, large majorities of the GV representatives report improvements in several areas. Seventy-nine percent cite improved input availability, 69 percent say the timing of delivery has improved, 64 percent report that the location of delivery is more convenient than it used to be, and 64 percent say fertilizer quality has improved. Member repayment of loans has also improved: 53 percent report improvement and 15 percent say it was never a problem (see Table 4.3.44). The sharp exception to this generally positive evaluation is in the area of pesticide quality. Twothirds of the GV representatives say that pesticide quality has deteriorated since 1992 and barely one quarter report improvements. With regard to cotton marketing, the survey examined the delays between cotton delivery and payment. In general, payment occurred 1-2 months after delivery, but the delay varied by region. In Atacora and Borgou, the delay was less than one month for the first two deliveries, whereas the delay was 1-2 months in Zou and more than 3 months in the south (see Table 4.3.45). Almost two-thirds of the GVs say that there are problems with the system of cotton grading. The percentage is over 50 percent in every department except Zou, where it is just 31 percent. Similarly, 85 percent of the GVs report problems with cotton weighing. Again, the percentage is lowest in Zou (57 percent). When asked what the problem is, most GV report that the officials who 129
are grading and weighing the cotton can be paid to obtain a more favorable quality or quantity (see Table 4.3.46). Cotton theft is also a problem. Overall, 14 percent of the GV report problems with theft. The share of GVs reporting this to be problem is highest in Borgou (22 percent). On the other hand, the majority of GVs argue that cotton weighing and cotton classification has improved since 1992. In particular, 61percent say that classification has gotten better and 78 percent say the procedures for cotton weighting have improved. Only 23 percent of the GVs report that cotton theft is less of a problem than it used to be, but another 62 percent say it was never a problem (see Table 4.3.47). However, there are two areas in which GV representatives say that the cotton system has deteriorated. First, two-thirds of the GVs say that the system of agricultural extension for cotton has worsened since 1992. Second, close to three-quarter (73 percent) report that the timing of payment has gotten worse (see Table 4.3.47). 130
- Page 86 and 87: Finally, proximity to an all-season
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- Page 128 and 129: officers have CM2 certificates. Thi
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are grading and weighing the cotton can be paid to obtain a more favorable quality or quantity (see<br />
Table 4.3.46).<br />
Cotton theft is also a problem. Overall, 14 percent of the GV report problems with theft. The share<br />
of GVs reporting this to be problem is highest in Borgou (22 percent).<br />
<strong>On</strong> the other hand, the majority of GVs argue that cotton weighing and cotton classification has<br />
improved since 1992. <strong>In</strong> particular, 61percent say that classification has gotten better and 78<br />
percent say the procedures for cotton weighting have improved. <strong>On</strong>ly 23 percent of the GVs report<br />
that cotton theft is less of a problem than it used to be, but another 62 percent say it was never a<br />
problem (see Table 4.3.47).<br />
However, there are two areas in which GV representatives say that the cotton system has<br />
deteriorated. First, two-thirds of the GVs say that the system of agricultural extension for cotton<br />
has worsened since 1992. Second, close to three-quarter (73 percent) report that the timing of<br />
payment has gotten worse (see Table 4.3.47).<br />
130
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