An Economic Assessment of Banana Genetic Improvement and ...

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64 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.20 Average number of years in use of banana cultivars currently planted, Tanzania Elevation Exposure Type of cultivar Low High Exposed Not exposed All Endemic 20.1 23.5 20.6 21.6 21.0 Nonendemic Exotic 18.7*** 23.3 19.5 20.7 19.9 Hybrid 2.5 2.0 2.2 3.5 2.5 All cultivars grown 20.7 23.9 21.0 22.3 21.5 Note: *** indicates statistical significance at the 1 percent percent level in the difference of means or distributions across elevations within countries. Endemic cultivars have been grown the longest of all genomic groups (20 years), compared to 3 years for hybrids recently introduced (Table 5.20). Cultivar ages are generally older in the high elevations, where disease pressures are less and farmers do not need to replace materials as frequently to maintain yields. Exotic and hybrid cultivars are the primary options in areas where endemic bananas are no longer performing well. Older cultivar age is even more pronounced for the Karagwe highlands, where no exotic cultivars were recorded and banana hybrids were introduced most recently.Table here> 5.20near Table 5.21 provides additional evidence that transfer of planting material is much more intensive in low- than in high-elevation areas of Uganda, in terms of several indicators: (1) the larger percentage of farmers supplying and receiving banana planting material, (2) the large volume of planting material supplied and received, and (3) the high average replacement ratios. Similar patterns appear for farmers in exposed areas, found primarily in low-elevation areas. Supplied material is defined as all banana planting material that farmers have supplied from the different cultivars they grow. Received material is defined as banana suckers of only those cultivars that the farmer considers introduced to the village, rather than ancestral (that is, established) in the village. The replacement ratio is defined as the number of suckers received per number of years growing the cultivar. here> 5.21near 5.2near 5.23near
BANANA-GROWING HOUSEHOLDS AND BANANA CULTIVARS 65 Table 5.21 Planting material transfer (supplied and received) for cultivars grown in the survey season, Uganda Elevation Exposure Low High Exposed Not exposed All Percentage of banana farmers Supplying materials within or outside village 66.8*** 32.7*** 57.8 58.7 60.3 Receiving materials introduced to the village 20.2*** 6.2*** 23.7 14.5 17.6 Quantity of planting material Total number of suckers supplied within or outside village 22,217 602 12,067 10,752 22,819 Total number of suckers received that were introduced to the village 2,250 412 1,780 882 2,662 Replacement ratio 6.1*** 0.9*** 19.1*** 3.0*** 5.8 Note: *** indicates statistical significance at the 1 percent level in the difference of means and distributions across elevation and exposure strata within countries. Table 5.22 Planting material supplied or received, by distance, social relationship, elevation, and exposure, Uganda Elevation Exposure Low High Exposed Not exposed All Supplied material Mean distance to point of supply (km) 1.2*** 0.9*** 2.1*** 0.9*** 1.1 Most frequent social relationship to recipient (occupation) Received material Friend (farmer) Friend (farmer) Friend (farmer) Friend (farmer) Mean distance to point of acquisition (km) 15.3 12.7 4.7*** 17.5*** 15.2 Most frequent social relationship to source (occupation) Friend (farmer) Friend (farmer) Friend (farmer) Friend (farmer) Friend (farmer) Friend (farmer) Notes: For planting material supplied, the information is computed over all cultivars listed as having been transferred (N = 1,253). For planting material received, the information is computed over all cultivars listed as having been intro duced to the village (N = 265). *** indicates statistical significance at the 1 percent level in the difference of means across elevation and exposure strata.
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An Economic Assessment of Banana Ge
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Contents List of Tables List of Fig
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Tables 3.1 Net marketing margins pe
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TABLES vii 6.5 Characteristics of h
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Figures 2.1 Sample domain: Elevatio
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Acknowledgments The International F
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SUMMARY xiii en’s education--and
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Acronyms and Abbreviations AGT ARDI
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Part I. Research Methods
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4 CHAPTER 1 practices in Africa are
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6 CHAPTER 1 periment station. Not a
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8 CHAPTER 1 niques (based on seed p
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10 CHAPTER 1 Cohen, J. I., and R. P
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CHAPTER 2 Elements of the Conceptua
Page 30 and 31: 14 CHAPTER 2 ples of adoption disco
Page 32 and 33: 16 CHAPTER 2 transgenic bananas cur
Page 34 and 35: 18 CHAPTER 2 Figure 2.2 Sites sampl
Page 36 and 37: 20 CHAPTER 2 Figure 2.4 Time profil
Page 39: Part II. Research Context
Page 42 and 43: here> 1near 3. 26 CHAPTER 3 major f
Page 44 and 45: 28 CHAPTER 3 disease, which affects
Page 46 and 47: here> 1near 3. 30 CHAPTER 3 Table 3
Page 48 and 49: 32 CHAPTER 3 Table 3.2 Banana produ
Page 50 and 51: 34 CHAPTER 3 would only be able to
Page 52 and 53: 36 CHAPTER 3 Nkonya, E., J. Pender,
Page 54 and 55: here> 1near 4. 38 CHAPTER 4 cash ne
Page 56 and 57: 40 CHAPTER 4 Figure 4.1 Introductio
Page 58 and 59: 42 CHAPTER 4 Research Introductions
Page 60 and 61: 44 CHAPTER 4 Table 4.2 Names of the
Page 62 and 63: 46 CHAPTER 4 The most widely used m
Page 64 and 65: 48 CHAPTER 4 Ortíz, R., and D. Vuy
Page 66 and 67: here> 5.3near here>
Page 68 and 69: 52 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.4 Percentage o
Page 70 and 71: 54 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.7 Percentage o
Page 72 and 73: here> 9near 5. here> 10near 5. 56 C
Page 74 and 75: here> 12near 5. 58 CHAPTER 5 Table
Page 76 and 77: 60 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.14 Number and
Page 78 and 79: here> 18near 5. 62 CHAPTER 5 Table
Page 82 and 83: 66 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.23 Percentage
Page 84 and 85: 68 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.26 Average dis
Page 86 and 87: 70 CHAPTER 5 considerably higher in
Page 89: Part III. Economic Assessment of Te
Page 92 and 93: 76 CHAPTER 6 The agricultural house
Page 94 and 95: 78 CHAPTER 6 grow, but have grown i
Page 96 and 97: 80 CHAPTER 6 Table 6.2 Summary stat
Page 98 and 99: 82 CHAPTER 6 tion. More frequent vi
Page 100 and 101: 84 CHAPTER 6 Table 6.4 Prototype ho
Page 102 and 103: 86 CHAPTER 6 Table 6.5 Characterist
Page 104 and 105: 88 CHAPTER 6 References Cameron, A.
Page 106 and 107: 90 CHAPTER 7 by-products of other f
Page 108 and 109: here> 1near 7. 92 CHAPTER 7 Table 7
Page 110 and 111: 94 CHAPTER 7 ity in the two technol
Page 112 and 113: 96 CHAPTER 7 Table 7.2 Definition o
Page 114 and 115: 98 CHAPTER 7 The direct link betwee
Page 116 and 117: 100 CHAPTER 7 Table 7.3 Factors inf
Page 118 and 119: 102 CHAPTER 7 tive sign but are onl
Page 120 and 121: 104 CHAPTER 7 fertility management
Page 122 and 123: 106 CHAPTER 7 participatory decisio
Page 124 and 125: 108 CHAPTER 7 Stevens, J. P. 2002.
Page 126 and 127: 110 CHAPTER 8 defined as a function
Page 128 and 129: 112 CHAPTER 8 inputs or implement c
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114 CHAPTER 8 Crop output is determ
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116 CHAPTER 8 Table 8.1 Variable de
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here> 8.6near here> 8.2near 8.3nea
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120 CHAPTER 8 Table 8.4 Production
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122 CHAPTER 8 during the SOM decomp
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124 CHAPTER 8 Supplementary Tables
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126 CHAPTER 8 Table 8A.3 Production
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128 CHAPTER 8 Thomas, G. W. 1982. E
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130 CHAPTER 9 (Nkuba et al. 1999).
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132 CHAPTER 9 be reduced through la
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134 CHAPTER 9 Table 9.2 Summary sta
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136 CHAPTER 9 Table 9.3 Coefficient
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138 CHAPTER 9 Table 9.4 Mean compar
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140 CHAPTER 9 References Anandajaya
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142 CHAPTER 10 Table 10.1 Ugandan c
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144 CHAPTER 10 (Kangire and Rutherf
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146 CHAPTER 10 Table 10.4 Predomina
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here> 7near 10. 148 CHAPTER 10 Tabl
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150 CHAPTER 10 Table 10.8 Present v
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152 CHAPTER 10 In terms of specific
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Part IV. Conclusions
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158 CHAPTER 11 in cooking, brewing
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160 CHAPTER 11 sumption and income
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162 CHAPTER 11 4. 5. for which the
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APPENDIX A Banana Taxonomy for Ugan
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BANANA TAXONOMY FOR UGANDA 167 Tabl
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BANANA TAXONOMY FOR UGANDA 169 Tabl
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BANANA TAXONOMY FOR TANZANIA 171 Ta
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BANANA TAXONOMY FOR TANZANIA 173 Ta
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APPENDIX C Use of Improved Banana V
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DETAILS OF SAMPLE SURVEY DESIGN 177
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VILLAGE SOCIAL STRUCTURE IN UGANDA
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List of Principal Authors and Contr
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS 187 rigation, and
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