An Economic Assessment of Banana Genetic Improvement and ...

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20 CHAPTER 2 Figure 2.4 Time profiles of research costs and benefits Gross annual benefits (US$ per year) Technology-induced benefits 0 R&D, regulatory, and 15 20 25 30 dissemination costs Years R&D and regulatory time lags Annual cost Source: Alston, Norton, and Pardey (1995). Adoption profile year and the horizontal axis represents years after the commencement of the R&D investment. here> 2.4hear
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND SAMPLE SURVEY DESIGN 21 these analyses is the theoretical model of the household farm, which is particularly suitable for investigating farmer decisionmaking in situations where the costs of transacting in markets can be high. The economic surplus approach is applied at the industry level, and is aimed at providing key information to support policy decisions concerning investment priorities. The corresponding analyses and more details regarding each model are presented in separate chapters of Part III. The sample design represents an effort to address the challenge of defining the “counterfactual.” The research team developed a sampling frame that controls for previous exposure to new banana cultivars and practices. The sample of villages and households is also stratified by elevation, a parameter that is highly correlated with pests and disease pressures, as well as soil fertility, which are major constraints to banana productivity and the focus of banana improvement efforts. References Alston, J. M., G. W. Norton, and P. G. Pardey. 1995. Science under scarcity: Principles and practices for agricultural research evaluation and priority setting. Wallingford, U.K.: CAB International. de Janvry, A., M. Fafchamps, and E. Sadoulet. 1991. Peasant household behaviour with missing markets: Some paradoxes explained. Economic Journal 101 (November): 1400–1417. Duflo, E., and M. Kremer. 2003. Use of randomization in the evaluation of development effectiveness. Paper prepared for the World Bank Operations Evaluation Department, Conference on Evaluation and Development Effectiveness, 15–16 July, Washington, D.C. Feder, G., and D. Umali. 1993. The adoption of agricultural innovations: A review. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 43: 215–239. Feder, G., R. Just, and D. Zilberman. 1985. Adoption of agricultural innovations in developing countries: A survey. Economic Development and Cultural Change 33 (2): 255–298. Heckman, J. J. 1976. The common structure of statistical models of truncation, sample selection, and limited dependent variables and a simple estimator for such models. Annals of Economic and Social Measurement 5 (4): 475–492. ———. 1990. Varieties of selection bias. American Economic Review 80 (2): 313–318. Johnston, J., and J. di Nardo. 1997. Econometric methods. Fourth edition. New York: McGraw-Hill. Kerr, J., and S. Kolavalli. 1999. Impact of agricultural research on poverty alleviation: Conceptual framework with illustrations from the literature. Environment and Production Technology Division Discussion Paper 56. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute. Meinzen-Dick, R., M. Adato, P. Hazell, and L. Haddad. 2007. Findings of an integrated economic and social analysis. In Agricultural research, livelihoods, and poverty: Studies of economic and social impacts in six countries, ed. M. Adato and R. Meinzen-Dick. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Speijer, P. R., C. S. Gold, E. B. Karamura, and J. N. Kashaija. 1994. Banana weevil and nematode distribution patterns in highland banana systems in Uganda: Preliminary results from a diagnostic survey. In African Crop Science Conference proceedings, ed. E. Adipala, M. A. Bekunda, J. S. Tenywa, M. W. Ogenga-Latigo, and J. O. Mugah. Kampala: African Crop Science Society. Tushemereirwe, W., D. A. Karamura, H. Sali, D. Bwamiki, I. Kashaija, C. Nankinga, F. Bagamba, A. Kangire, and R. Sebuliba. 2001. Bananas (Musa spp.). In Agriculture in Uganda, Vol. 11, Crops, ed. J. Mukiibi. Kampala: Fountain Publishers/Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation/National Agricultural Research Organization.
Page 1 and 2: An Economic Assessment of Banana Ge
Page 3 and 4: Contents List of Tables List of Fig
Page 5 and 6: Tables 3.1 Net marketing margins pe
Page 7 and 8: TABLES vii 6.5 Characteristics of h
Page 9 and 10: Figures 2.1 Sample domain: Elevatio
Page 11 and 12: Acknowledgments The International F
Page 13 and 14: SUMMARY xiii en’s education--and
Page 15 and 16: Acronyms and Abbreviations AGT ARDI
Page 17: Part I. Research Methods
Page 20 and 21: 4 CHAPTER 1 practices in Africa are
Page 22 and 23: 6 CHAPTER 1 periment station. Not a
Page 24 and 25: 8 CHAPTER 1 niques (based on seed p
Page 26 and 27: 10 CHAPTER 1 Cohen, J. I., and R. P
Page 28 and 29: CHAPTER 2 Elements of the Conceptua
Page 30 and 31: 14 CHAPTER 2 ples of adoption disco
Page 32 and 33: 16 CHAPTER 2 transgenic bananas cur
Page 34 and 35: 18 CHAPTER 2 Figure 2.2 Sites sampl
Page 39: Part II. Research Context
Page 42 and 43: here> 1near 3. 26 CHAPTER 3 major f
Page 44 and 45: 28 CHAPTER 3 disease, which affects
Page 46 and 47: here> 1near 3. 30 CHAPTER 3 Table 3
Page 48 and 49: 32 CHAPTER 3 Table 3.2 Banana produ
Page 50 and 51: 34 CHAPTER 3 would only be able to
Page 52 and 53: 36 CHAPTER 3 Nkonya, E., J. Pender,
Page 54 and 55: here> 1near 4. 38 CHAPTER 4 cash ne
Page 56 and 57: 40 CHAPTER 4 Figure 4.1 Introductio
Page 58 and 59: 42 CHAPTER 4 Research Introductions
Page 60 and 61: 44 CHAPTER 4 Table 4.2 Names of the
Page 62 and 63: 46 CHAPTER 4 The most widely used m
Page 64 and 65: 48 CHAPTER 4 Ortíz, R., and D. Vuy
Page 66 and 67: here> 5.3near here>
Page 68 and 69: 52 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.4 Percentage o
Page 70 and 71: 54 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.7 Percentage o
Page 72 and 73: here> 9near 5. here> 10near 5. 56 C
Page 74 and 75: here> 12near 5. 58 CHAPTER 5 Table
Page 76 and 77: 60 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.14 Number and
Page 78 and 79: here> 18near 5. 62 CHAPTER 5 Table
Page 80 and 81: 64 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.20 Average num
Page 82 and 83: 66 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.23 Percentage
Page 84 and 85: 68 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.26 Average dis
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70 CHAPTER 5 considerably higher in
Page 89:
Part III. Economic Assessment of Te
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76 CHAPTER 6 The agricultural house
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78 CHAPTER 6 grow, but have grown i
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80 CHAPTER 6 Table 6.2 Summary stat
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82 CHAPTER 6 tion. More frequent vi
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84 CHAPTER 6 Table 6.4 Prototype ho
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86 CHAPTER 6 Table 6.5 Characterist
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88 CHAPTER 6 References Cameron, A.
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90 CHAPTER 7 by-products of other f
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here> 1near 7. 92 CHAPTER 7 Table 7
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94 CHAPTER 7 ity in the two technol
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96 CHAPTER 7 Table 7.2 Definition o
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98 CHAPTER 7 The direct link betwee
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100 CHAPTER 7 Table 7.3 Factors inf
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102 CHAPTER 7 tive sign but are onl
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104 CHAPTER 7 fertility management
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106 CHAPTER 7 participatory decisio
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108 CHAPTER 7 Stevens, J. P. 2002.
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110 CHAPTER 8 defined as a function
Page 128 and 129:
112 CHAPTER 8 inputs or implement c
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114 CHAPTER 8 Crop output is determ
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116 CHAPTER 8 Table 8.1 Variable de
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here> 8.6near here> 8.2near 8.3nea
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120 CHAPTER 8 Table 8.4 Production
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122 CHAPTER 8 during the SOM decomp
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124 CHAPTER 8 Supplementary Tables
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126 CHAPTER 8 Table 8A.3 Production
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128 CHAPTER 8 Thomas, G. W. 1982. E
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130 CHAPTER 9 (Nkuba et al. 1999).
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132 CHAPTER 9 be reduced through la
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134 CHAPTER 9 Table 9.2 Summary sta
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136 CHAPTER 9 Table 9.3 Coefficient
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138 CHAPTER 9 Table 9.4 Mean compar
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140 CHAPTER 9 References Anandajaya
Page 158 and 159:
142 CHAPTER 10 Table 10.1 Ugandan c
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144 CHAPTER 10 (Kangire and Rutherf
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146 CHAPTER 10 Table 10.4 Predomina
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here> 7near 10. 148 CHAPTER 10 Tabl
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150 CHAPTER 10 Table 10.8 Present v
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152 CHAPTER 10 In terms of specific
Page 171:
Part IV. Conclusions
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158 CHAPTER 11 in cooking, brewing
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160 CHAPTER 11 sumption and income
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162 CHAPTER 11 4. 5. for which the
Page 181 and 182:
APPENDIX A Banana Taxonomy for Ugan
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BANANA TAXONOMY FOR UGANDA 167 Tabl
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BANANA TAXONOMY FOR UGANDA 169 Tabl
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BANANA TAXONOMY FOR TANZANIA 171 Ta
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BANANA TAXONOMY FOR TANZANIA 173 Ta
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APPENDIX C Use of Improved Banana V
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DETAILS OF SAMPLE SURVEY DESIGN 177
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Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
VILLAGE SOCIAL STRUCTURE IN UGANDA
Page 201 and 202:
List of Principal Authors and Contr
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS 187 rigation, and
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