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An Economic Assessment of Banana Genetic Improvement and ...

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DETAILS OF SAMPLE SURVEY DESIGN 181<br />

<strong>of</strong> use for the organic fertilizers for a oneproduction<br />

cycle (January to December<br />

2003) was measured by counting the number<br />

<strong>of</strong> mats under each type <strong>of</strong> organic fertilizer.<br />

To minimize the measurement error,<br />

the interview was conducted in the plot,<br />

<strong>and</strong> the farmer showed the enumerator parts<br />

<strong>of</strong> the plantation that were treated with<br />

the organic fertilizers as the enumerator<br />

counted mats in the area. For mat management<br />

practices, color photographs were<br />

used to enhance the farmer’s recognition <strong>of</strong><br />

the practice being surveyed.<br />

Social Capital Schedules<br />

Social capital data were collected through<br />

discussions with key informants <strong>and</strong> the<br />

sampled households. Key informants (the<br />

local leaders <strong>and</strong> village elders) were interviewed<br />

about village social homogeneity (in<br />

terms <strong>of</strong> ethnicity <strong>and</strong> religious affiliation)<br />

<strong>and</strong> formal <strong>and</strong> informal organizations.<br />

The schedule on associations recorded<br />

information on household membership; the<br />

level <strong>of</strong> household participation; major activities<br />

<strong>of</strong> associations; benefits to the members;<br />

<strong>and</strong> composition, function, <strong>and</strong> leadership<br />

quality <strong>of</strong> associations. These were<br />

measured following the work <strong>of</strong> Narayan<br />

(1997). Social networks, trust, <strong>and</strong> solidarity,<br />

as well as historical rules <strong>and</strong> regulations,<br />

were measured in other instruments<br />

as part <strong>of</strong> the thesis by Katungi (2006) but<br />

are not presented here.<br />

References<br />

Ch<strong>and</strong>ler, S. 1995. The nutritional value <strong>of</strong> bananas. In <strong>Banana</strong>s <strong>and</strong> plantains, ed. S. R. Gowen.<br />

London: Chapman & Hall.<br />

De Groote, H. 1996. Optimal survey design in rural data collection in developing countries. Quarterly<br />

Journal <strong>of</strong> International Agriculture 35 (2): 163–175.<br />

Hansen, M. H., W. N. Hurwitz, <strong>and</strong> W. G. Madow. 1953. Sample survey methods <strong>and</strong> theory. New York:<br />

John Wiley <strong>and</strong> Sons.<br />

Hardaker, J., R. Huirne, <strong>and</strong> J. <strong>An</strong>derson. 1997. Coping with risk in agriculture. Wallingford, U.K.:<br />

CAB International.<br />

Karamura, D. A., <strong>and</strong> E. Karamura. 1994. A provisional checklist <strong>of</strong> banana cultivars in Ug<strong>and</strong>a. Kampala,<br />

Ug<strong>and</strong>a: Kaw<strong>and</strong>a Agricultural Research Institute, Ug<strong>and</strong>a National <strong>Banana</strong> Research<br />

Programme, National Agricultural Research Organization.<br />

Katungi, E. 2006. Social capital <strong>and</strong> technology adoption on small farms: A case <strong>of</strong> banana production<br />

technology in Ug<strong>and</strong>a. Ph.D. thesis, University <strong>of</strong> Pretoria, Pretoria, Republic <strong>of</strong> South<br />

Africa.<br />

Narayan, D. 1997. Voices <strong>of</strong> the poor: Poverty <strong>and</strong> social capital in Tanzania. Environmentally <strong>and</strong><br />

Sustainable Development Studies <strong>and</strong> Monographs Series 20. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.<br />

Speijer, P. R., C. S. Gold, E. B. Karamura, <strong>and</strong> J. N. Kashaija. 1994. <strong>Banana</strong> weevil <strong>and</strong> nematode distribution<br />

patterns in highl<strong>and</strong> banana systems in Ug<strong>and</strong>a: Preliminary results from a diagnostic<br />

survey. In African Crop Science Conference proceedings, ed. E. Adipala, M. A. Bekunda, J. S.<br />

Tenywa, M. W. Ogenga-Latigo, <strong>and</strong> J. O. Mugah. June 14–18, 1993, Kampala, Ug<strong>and</strong>a. Kampala:<br />

African Crop Science Society.<br />

Tushemereirwe, W. K., D. A. Karamura, H. Sali, D. Bwamiki, I. Kashaija, C. Nankinga, F. Bagamba,<br />

A. Kangire, <strong>and</strong> R. Sebuliba. 2001. <strong>Banana</strong>s (Musa spp.). In Agriculture in Ug<strong>and</strong>a. Vol. 11,<br />

Crops, ed. J. Mukiibi. Kampala, Ug<strong>and</strong>a, <strong>and</strong> Wageningen, The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s: Fountain Publishers,<br />

Technical Centre for Agricultural <strong>and</strong> Rural Cooperation, <strong>and</strong> National Agricultural<br />

Research Organization.

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