An Economic Assessment of Banana Genetic Improvement and ...

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152 CHAPTER 10 In terms of specific biotic constraints, it is less easy to pick winners among the technologies currently under development. Mitigation of the effects of bacteria wilt appears to provide very large payoffs, especially if that disease should continue its current damaging trajectory. Improved soil fertility, both in its own right and as a means of improving resistance to biotic constraints and ensuring long-term production sustainability, appears to exhibit high potential payoffs (second only to mitigation of bacteria wilt). Increased adoption of the multipurpose FHIA hybrids might have high payoffs from the perspective of an increased stock of more resistant materials, but appears unlikely to happen without changes in consumer preferences (Chapter 5). Prioritizing among resistance to weevils, nematodes, and black Sigatoka is particularly problematic, given the confounding effects and/or simultaneous occurrence of these constraints, as noted in the farm-level analysis and previous research (Chapter 6). This difficulty is one evident reason why NARO has favored tackling multiple constraints simultaneously. Were the analysis able to take account of the interaction effects of constraints, the economic results might be quite different. There remain no shortage of methodological and data issues surrounding the analysis performed here, including the consideration of research investment and diffusion costs. The development of a complete cost series was not possible within the time frame of this research. Nevertheless, the possibility of performing such improved evaluations has been very greatly enhanced by the databases, methods, and analysis applied to the current analysis by Ugandan scientists and their collaborators. References Bagamba, F., J. Ssenyonga, W. K. Tushemereirwe, E. Katungi, C. S. Gold, and A. Katwijukye. 2000. Characterization of banana production systems in central Uganda. Research report. National Banana Research Programme, Kawanda, Uganda. Manuscript. Gold, C. S., and S. Messiaen. 2000. The banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus. Musa Pest Fact Sheet 4. Montpellier, France: International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantains. Gold, C. S., E. B. Karamura, A. Kiggundu, F. Bagamba, and A. M. K. Abera. 1999. Monograph on geographic shifts in highland cooking banana (Musa, group AAA-EA) production in Uganda. African Crop Science Journal 7 (3): 223–298. Gold, C. S., G. H. Kagezi, G. Night, and P. E. Ragama. 2004. The effects of banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus, damage on highland banana growth, yield and stand duration in Uganda. Annals of Applied Biology 145 (3): 263–269. Kangire, A., and M. Rutherford. 2001. Wilt-like disorder of bananas in Uganda. Musa Disease Fact Sheet 10. Montpellier, France: International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantains. Karugaba, A., with G. Kimaru. 1999. Banana production in Uganda: An essential food and cash crop. Regional Land Management Unit Technical Handbook Series 18. Uppsala, Sweden: Regional Land Management Unit and Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency. Kashaija, I. N., P. R. Speijer, C. S. Gold, and S. R. Gowen. 1994. Occurrence, distribution and abundance of plant parasitic nematodes on bananas in Uganda: Preliminary results of a diagnostic survey. African Crop Science Journal 1 (2): 99–104. National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS). 2003. Profitability analysis of agricultural enterprises in Uganda. Report prepared by M. Wamamiala and P. Wathum, Independent Consulting Group, Uganda.
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGIES IN UGANDA 153 NARO, IITA, and NRI (National Agricultural Research Organization, International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, and Natural Resources Institute). 1994. Working document. Diagnostic survey on key constraints of banana production in Uganda. Preliminary data on socio-economics, soils and agronomy, pests, diseases and plant growth, germplasm, post harvest. Ugandan National Banana Research Programme, IITA, and NRI, Kawanda, Uganda. Manuscript. Okaasai, O., and E. Boa. 2004. Distribution of banana bacterial wilt. Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry, and Fisheries, Republic of Uganda. Available at: http://www.agriculture.go.ug/ bananawilt.php. Rukazambuga, N. D. T. M., C. S. Gold, and S. R. Gowen. 1994. Banana weevil-host plant (Musa AAA-EA) interactions in East African Highland banana systems. In African Crop Science Conference proceedings, ed. E. Adipala, M. A. Bekunda, J. S. Tenywa, M. W. Ogenga-Latigo, and J. O. Mugah, June 14–18, 1993, Kampala, Uganda. Kampala: African Crop Science Society. ———. 1998. Yield loss in East African highland banana (Musa spp., AAA-EA group) caused by the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar. Crop Protection 17 (7): 581–589. Speijer, P. R., and C. Kajumba. 1996. Yield loss from plant parasitic nematodes in East African highland banana (Musa spp., AAA). MusAfrica 10: 26. Speijer, P. R., C. S. Gold, E. B. Karamura, and J. N. Kashaija. 1994. Banana weevil and nematode distribution patterns in highland banana systems in Uganda: Preliminary results from a diagnostic survey. In African Crop Science Conference proceedings, ed. E. Adipala, M. A. Bekunda, J. S. Tenywa, M. W. Ogenga-Latigo, and J. O. Mugah, June 14–18, 1993, Kampala, Uganda. Kampala: African Crop Science Society. Ssenyonga, J. W., F. Bagamba, C. S. Gold, W. K. Tushemereirwe, E. B. Karamura, and E. Katungi. 1999. Understanding current banana production management in south-western Uganda. In Mobilizing IPM for sustainable banana production in Africa, ed. E. A. Frison, E. B. Karamura, and R. A. Sikora. Workshop proceedings, November 23–28, 1998, Pretoria, South Africa. Montpellier, France: International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantains. Tushemereirwe, W. K., M. Holderness, C. S. Gold, E. B. Karamura, and M. Deadman. 1996. Distribution and importance of the leafspot complex on highland bananas in Uganda. MusAfrica 10: 25. Tushemereirwe, W. K., D. A. Karamura, H. Sali, D. Bwamiki, I. Kashaija, C. Nankinga, F. Bagamba, A. Kangire, and R. Sebuliba. 2001. Bananas (Musa spp.). In Agriculture in Uganda. Vol. 11, Crops, ed. J. Mukiibi. Kampala, Uganda, and Wageningen, The Netherlands: Fountain Publishers, Technical Centre for Agricultual and Rural Cooperation, and National Agricultural Research Organization. Tushemereirwe, W. K., I. N. Kashaija, W. Tinzaara, C. Nankinga, and S. New, eds. 2003. A guide to successful banana production in Uganda. A banana production manual. Kampala, Uganda: National Banana Research Programme, Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute. UBOS (Uganda Bureau of Statistics). 2002. Ugandan National Household Survey 1999/2000: Report on the Crop Survey module. Entebbe: UBOS.
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An Economic Assessment of Banana Ge
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Contents List of Tables List of Fig
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Tables 3.1 Net marketing margins pe
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TABLES vii 6.5 Characteristics of h
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Figures 2.1 Sample domain: Elevatio
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Acknowledgments The International F
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SUMMARY xiii en’s education--and
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Acronyms and Abbreviations AGT ARDI
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Part I. Research Methods
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4 CHAPTER 1 practices in Africa are
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6 CHAPTER 1 periment station. Not a
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8 CHAPTER 1 niques (based on seed p
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10 CHAPTER 1 Cohen, J. I., and R. P
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CHAPTER 2 Elements of the Conceptua
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14 CHAPTER 2 ples of adoption disco
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16 CHAPTER 2 transgenic bananas cur
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18 CHAPTER 2 Figure 2.2 Sites sampl
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20 CHAPTER 2 Figure 2.4 Time profil
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Part II. Research Context
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here> 1near 3. 26 CHAPTER 3 major f
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28 CHAPTER 3 disease, which affects
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here> 1near 3. 30 CHAPTER 3 Table 3
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32 CHAPTER 3 Table 3.2 Banana produ
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34 CHAPTER 3 would only be able to
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36 CHAPTER 3 Nkonya, E., J. Pender,
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here> 1near 4. 38 CHAPTER 4 cash ne
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40 CHAPTER 4 Figure 4.1 Introductio
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42 CHAPTER 4 Research Introductions
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44 CHAPTER 4 Table 4.2 Names of the
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46 CHAPTER 4 The most widely used m
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48 CHAPTER 4 Ortíz, R., and D. Vuy
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here> 5.3near here>
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52 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.4 Percentage o
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54 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.7 Percentage o
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here> 9near 5. here> 10near 5. 56 C
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here> 12near 5. 58 CHAPTER 5 Table
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60 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.14 Number and
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here> 18near 5. 62 CHAPTER 5 Table
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64 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.20 Average num
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66 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.23 Percentage
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68 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.26 Average dis
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70 CHAPTER 5 considerably higher in
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Part III. Economic Assessment of Te
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76 CHAPTER 6 The agricultural house
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78 CHAPTER 6 grow, but have grown i
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80 CHAPTER 6 Table 6.2 Summary stat
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82 CHAPTER 6 tion. More frequent vi
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84 CHAPTER 6 Table 6.4 Prototype ho
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86 CHAPTER 6 Table 6.5 Characterist
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88 CHAPTER 6 References Cameron, A.
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90 CHAPTER 7 by-products of other f
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here> 1near 7. 92 CHAPTER 7 Table 7
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94 CHAPTER 7 ity in the two technol
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96 CHAPTER 7 Table 7.2 Definition o
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98 CHAPTER 7 The direct link betwee
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100 CHAPTER 7 Table 7.3 Factors inf
Page 118 and 119: 102 CHAPTER 7 tive sign but are onl
Page 120 and 121: 104 CHAPTER 7 fertility management
Page 122 and 123: 106 CHAPTER 7 participatory decisio
Page 124 and 125: 108 CHAPTER 7 Stevens, J. P. 2002.
Page 126 and 127: 110 CHAPTER 8 defined as a function
Page 128 and 129: 112 CHAPTER 8 inputs or implement c
Page 130 and 131: 114 CHAPTER 8 Crop output is determ
Page 132 and 133: 116 CHAPTER 8 Table 8.1 Variable de
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Page 136 and 137: 120 CHAPTER 8 Table 8.4 Production
Page 138 and 139: 122 CHAPTER 8 during the SOM decomp
Page 140 and 141: 124 CHAPTER 8 Supplementary Tables
Page 142 and 143: 126 CHAPTER 8 Table 8A.3 Production
Page 144 and 145: 128 CHAPTER 8 Thomas, G. W. 1982. E
Page 146 and 147: 130 CHAPTER 9 (Nkuba et al. 1999).
Page 148 and 149: 132 CHAPTER 9 be reduced through la
Page 150 and 151: 134 CHAPTER 9 Table 9.2 Summary sta
Page 152 and 153: 136 CHAPTER 9 Table 9.3 Coefficient
Page 154 and 155: 138 CHAPTER 9 Table 9.4 Mean compar
Page 156 and 157: 140 CHAPTER 9 References Anandajaya
Page 158 and 159: 142 CHAPTER 10 Table 10.1 Ugandan c
Page 160 and 161: 144 CHAPTER 10 (Kangire and Rutherf
Page 162 and 163: 146 CHAPTER 10 Table 10.4 Predomina
Page 164 and 165: here> 7near 10. 148 CHAPTER 10 Tabl
Page 166 and 167: 150 CHAPTER 10 Table 10.8 Present v
Page 171: Part IV. Conclusions
Page 174 and 175: 158 CHAPTER 11 in cooking, brewing
Page 176 and 177: 160 CHAPTER 11 sumption and income
Page 178 and 179: 162 CHAPTER 11 4. 5. for which the
Page 181 and 182: APPENDIX A Banana Taxonomy for Ugan
Page 183 and 184: BANANA TAXONOMY FOR UGANDA 167 Tabl
Page 185 and 186: BANANA TAXONOMY FOR UGANDA 169 Tabl
Page 187 and 188: BANANA TAXONOMY FOR TANZANIA 171 Ta
Page 189 and 190: BANANA TAXONOMY FOR TANZANIA 173 Ta
Page 191 and 192: APPENDIX C Use of Improved Banana V
Page 193 and 194: DETAILS OF SAMPLE SURVEY DESIGN 177
Page 199 and 200: VILLAGE SOCIAL STRUCTURE IN UGANDA
Page 201 and 202: List of Principal Authors and Contr
Page 203 and 204: ABOUT THE AUTHORS 187 rigation, and
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