An Economic Assessment of Banana Genetic Improvement and ...

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128 CHAPTER 8 Thomas, G. W. 1982. Exchangeable cations. In Methods of soil analysis. Part 2: Chemical and biological properties, ed. A. L. Page, R. H. Miller, and D. R. Keeney. Madison, Wis., U.S.A.: American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America. Tian, W., and G. H. Wan. 2000. Technical efficiency and its determinants in China’s grain production. Journal of Productivity Analysis 13 (2): 159–174. Tisdale, S. L., W. L. Nelson, J. D. Beaton, and J. L. Havlin. 1993. Soil fertility and fertilizers. Fifth edition: Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Weir, S. 1999. The effects of education and farmer productivity in rural Ethiopia. Working Paper CSAE WPS99-7. Oxford: Centre for the Study of African Economics, University of Oxford. Weir, S., and J. Knight. 2000. Education externalities in rural Ethiopia: Evidence from average and stochastic production functions. Working Paper CSAE WWPS2000-4. Oxford: Centre for the Study of African Economics, University of Oxford.
CHAPTER 9 Use of Hybrid Cultivars in Kagera Region, Tanzania, and Their Impact Svetlana Edmeades, Jackson M. Nkuba, and Melinda Smale As described in Chapter 5, the formal introduction of new banana cultivars to Kagera Region began in 1997 with KCDP. Preliminary studies by the project indicate rapid and extensive uptake of these materials. This chapter re-examines the use of introduced banana hybrids and one aspect of their social and economic impact: reduced vulnerability to production losses from biotic pressures. A treatment model is used to identify the determinants of adoption and the effects of adoption on expected yield losses from pests and diseases, while controlling for other factors. Findings demonstrate that the intended impact of growing hybrids on production vulnerability was achieved, which lends justification to research efforts aimed at developing resistance materials. Like other analyses in this report, this study shows the preeminence of farmer-based systems for diffusing planting material, as compared to formal systems. The agriculture of Kagera Region, located in the northwestern corner of Tanzania on the western shores of Lake Victoria, is based largely on banana/coffee farming systems. 1 About 43.8 percent of the total acreage under banana production in Tanzania is found in this region. Over the past decades, Kagera Region has experienced serious decline in the production of bananas and other traditional crops, including coffee, because of declining soil fertility and increasing infestations of pests and diseases (Bosch et al. 1996; Baijukya and Folmer 1999). The situation has also been made worse by the persistence of outdated methods of crop husbandry practiced by banana growers and the lack of reliable local and external markets for bananas, leading to frequent periods of food insecurity. As detailed in Chapter 4, banana growers, national and international research institutions, and NGOs have sought to formulate strategies to mitigate production decreases. One of these strategies was the introduction of new banana cultivars into the region. Since the 1960s, several exotic cultivars have been introduced by farmers into the region from other banana growing areas within and outside the country. The formal introduction of new banana cultivars into the region began in 1997, when KCDP was established. One of its objectives was to acquire, multiply, and disseminate new banana cultivars to farmers. On-farm testing of the new cultivars commenced in 1997 and was conducted concurrently with their multiplication and dissemination of planting materials to farmers in the region 1 This chapter is drawn from a selected paper presented at the international conference Economics of Poverty, Environment, and Natural Resource Use, May 2006, Wageningen University, The Netherlands. 129
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An Economic Assessment of Banana Ge
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Contents List of Tables List of Fig
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Tables 3.1 Net marketing margins pe
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TABLES vii 6.5 Characteristics of h
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Figures 2.1 Sample domain: Elevatio
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Acknowledgments The International F
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SUMMARY xiii en’s education--and
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Acronyms and Abbreviations AGT ARDI
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Part I. Research Methods
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4 CHAPTER 1 practices in Africa are
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6 CHAPTER 1 periment station. Not a
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8 CHAPTER 1 niques (based on seed p
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10 CHAPTER 1 Cohen, J. I., and R. P
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CHAPTER 2 Elements of the Conceptua
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14 CHAPTER 2 ples of adoption disco
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16 CHAPTER 2 transgenic bananas cur
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18 CHAPTER 2 Figure 2.2 Sites sampl
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20 CHAPTER 2 Figure 2.4 Time profil
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Part II. Research Context
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here> 1near 3. 26 CHAPTER 3 major f
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28 CHAPTER 3 disease, which affects
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here> 1near 3. 30 CHAPTER 3 Table 3
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32 CHAPTER 3 Table 3.2 Banana produ
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34 CHAPTER 3 would only be able to
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36 CHAPTER 3 Nkonya, E., J. Pender,
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here> 1near 4. 38 CHAPTER 4 cash ne
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40 CHAPTER 4 Figure 4.1 Introductio
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42 CHAPTER 4 Research Introductions
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44 CHAPTER 4 Table 4.2 Names of the
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46 CHAPTER 4 The most widely used m
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48 CHAPTER 4 Ortíz, R., and D. Vuy
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here> 5.3near here>
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52 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.4 Percentage o
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54 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.7 Percentage o
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here> 9near 5. here> 10near 5. 56 C
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here> 12near 5. 58 CHAPTER 5 Table
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60 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.14 Number and
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here> 18near 5. 62 CHAPTER 5 Table
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64 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.20 Average num
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66 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.23 Percentage
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68 CHAPTER 5 Table 5.26 Average dis
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70 CHAPTER 5 considerably higher in
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Part III. Economic Assessment of Te
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76 CHAPTER 6 The agricultural house
Page 94 and 95: 78 CHAPTER 6 grow, but have grown i
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Page 98 and 99: 82 CHAPTER 6 tion. More frequent vi
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Page 102 and 103: 86 CHAPTER 6 Table 6.5 Characterist
Page 104 and 105: 88 CHAPTER 6 References Cameron, A.
Page 106 and 107: 90 CHAPTER 7 by-products of other f
Page 108 and 109: here> 1near 7. 92 CHAPTER 7 Table 7
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Page 114 and 115: 98 CHAPTER 7 The direct link betwee
Page 116 and 117: 100 CHAPTER 7 Table 7.3 Factors inf
Page 118 and 119: 102 CHAPTER 7 tive sign but are onl
Page 120 and 121: 104 CHAPTER 7 fertility management
Page 122 and 123: 106 CHAPTER 7 participatory decisio
Page 124 and 125: 108 CHAPTER 7 Stevens, J. P. 2002.
Page 126 and 127: 110 CHAPTER 8 defined as a function
Page 128 and 129: 112 CHAPTER 8 inputs or implement c
Page 130 and 131: 114 CHAPTER 8 Crop output is determ
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Page 136 and 137: 120 CHAPTER 8 Table 8.4 Production
Page 138 and 139: 122 CHAPTER 8 during the SOM decomp
Page 140 and 141: 124 CHAPTER 8 Supplementary Tables
Page 142 and 143: 126 CHAPTER 8 Table 8A.3 Production
Page 146 and 147: 130 CHAPTER 9 (Nkuba et al. 1999).
Page 148 and 149: 132 CHAPTER 9 be reduced through la
Page 150 and 151: 134 CHAPTER 9 Table 9.2 Summary sta
Page 152 and 153: 136 CHAPTER 9 Table 9.3 Coefficient
Page 154 and 155: 138 CHAPTER 9 Table 9.4 Mean compar
Page 156 and 157: 140 CHAPTER 9 References Anandajaya
Page 158 and 159: 142 CHAPTER 10 Table 10.1 Ugandan c
Page 160 and 161: 144 CHAPTER 10 (Kangire and Rutherf
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Page 166 and 167: 150 CHAPTER 10 Table 10.8 Present v
Page 168 and 169: 152 CHAPTER 10 In terms of specific
Page 171: Part IV. Conclusions
Page 174 and 175: 158 CHAPTER 11 in cooking, brewing
Page 176 and 177: 160 CHAPTER 11 sumption and income
Page 178 and 179: 162 CHAPTER 11 4. 5. for which the
Page 181 and 182: APPENDIX A Banana Taxonomy for Ugan
Page 183 and 184: BANANA TAXONOMY FOR UGANDA 167 Tabl
Page 185 and 186: BANANA TAXONOMY FOR UGANDA 169 Tabl
Page 187 and 188: BANANA TAXONOMY FOR TANZANIA 171 Ta
Page 189 and 190: BANANA TAXONOMY FOR TANZANIA 173 Ta
Page 191 and 192: APPENDIX C Use of Improved Banana V
Page 193 and 194: DETAILS OF SAMPLE SURVEY DESIGN 177
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DETAILS OF SAMPLE SURVEY DESIGN 179
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DETAILS OF SAMPLE SURVEY DESIGN 181
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VILLAGE SOCIAL STRUCTURE IN UGANDA
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List of Principal Authors and Contr
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS 187 rigation, and
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