An Economic Assessment of Banana Genetic Improvement and ...
An Economic Assessment of Banana Genetic Improvement and ... An Economic Assessment of Banana Genetic Improvement and ...
126 CHAPTER 8 Table 8A.3 Production function estimates, three-stage least squares estimate ln(SOM) ln(K) ln(Y) Variable Coefficient t-value Coefficient t-value Coefficient t-value Constant 2.37*** 18.09 –4.498*** –13.73 5.601*** 3.58 ln(A) 0.32*** 2.77 ln(L) 0.679*** 6.83 M 9.0 × 10 –5 *** 2.76 C 7.0 × 10 –5 ** 2.29 ln(SOM) 1.135*** 4.06 –1.479 –1.54 ln(K) 0.415 1.05 sand –0.014*** –6.23 pH 0.442*** 4.99 plotage 0.035*** 3.48 plotage 2 –0.0003*** –2.82 Sigatoka –0.971** –2.18 High elevation –0.058 –1.23 Adjusted R 2 0.23 0.59 0.59 Notes: *** and ** indicate statistical significance at the 1, 5, and 10 percent levels, respectively. The sand variable instruments SOM, and pH instruments K. See Table 8.1 for definitions of the variables. References Aigner, D. J., C. A. K. Lovell, and P. Schmidt. 1977. Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function models. Journal of Econometrics 6 (1): 21–37. Ali, M., and D. Byerlee. 1991. Economic efficiency of small farmers in a changing world: A survey of recent evidence. Journal of International Development 3 (1): 1–27. Battese, G. E., and S. S. Broca. 1997. Functional forms of stochastic frontier production functions and models for technical inefficiency effects: A comparative study for wheat farmers in Pakistan. Journal of Productivity Analysis 8 (4): 395–414. Battese, G. E., and T. J. Coelli. 1995. A model for technical inefficiency effects in a stochastic frontier production function for panel data. Empirical Economics 20 (2): 325–332. Bauer, P. W. 1990. Recent development in econometric estimation of frontiers. Journal of Econometrics 46 (1–2): 39–56. Belbase, K., and R. Grabowski. Technical efficiency in Nepalese agriculture. Journal of Development Areas 19 (4): 515–525. Binam, J. N., K. Sylla, I. Diarra, and G. Nyambi. 2003. Factors affecting technical efficiency among coffee farmers in Cote d’Ivoire: Evidence from the centre west region. R&D Management 15 (1): 66–76. Bravo-Ureta, B. E., and R. E. Evenson. 1994. Efficiency in agricultural production: The case of peasant farmers in Eastern Paraguay. Agricultural Economics 10 (1): 27–37. Bravo-Ureta, B. E., and E. Pinheiro. 1997. Technical, economic and allocative efficiency in peasant farming: Evidence from the Dominican Republic. Developing Economies 35 (1): 48–67. Coelli, T. J. 1994. A guide to Frontier 4.1: A computer program for stochastic frontier production and cost function estimation. Department of Econometrics, University of England, Armidale, Australia. Mimeo.
BANANA PRODUCTIVITY AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN UGANDA 127 ———. 1995. Recent developments in the frontier modeling and efficiency measurement. Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics 39 (3): 219–245. Coelli, T. J., D. S. P. Rao, and G. E. Battese. 1998. An introduction to efficiency and productivity analysis. Amsterdam: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Farrell, M. J. 1957. The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A 120 (3): 253–290. Forsund, F. R., C. A. K. Lovell, and P. Schmidt. 1980. A survey of frontier production functions and their relationships to efficiency measurement. Journal of Econometrics 13 (1): 5–25. Fried, H. O., C. A. K. Lovell, and S. S. Schmidt. 1993. The measurement of productive efficiency: Techniques and applications. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hussain, S. S. 1989. Analysis of economic efficiency in Northern Pakistan: Estimation, causes and policy implications. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana–Champaign. Kalirajan, K. P. 1981. An econometric analysis of yield variability in paddy production. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics 29 (2): 283–294. ———. 1984. Farm-specific technical efficiencies and development policies. Journal of Economic Studies 11 (3): 3–13. ———. 1991. The importance of efficiency use in adoption of technology: A micro panel data analysis. Journal of Productivity Analysis 2 (2): 113–126. Kalirajan, K. P., and R. T. Shand. 1986. Estimating location specific and farm specific technical efficiency: An analysis of Malaysian agriculture. Journal of Economic Development 11 (2): 147–160. ———. 1997. Modeling and measuring technical efficiency: An alternative approach. In Issues in agricultural competitiveness: Markets and policies, ed. R. Rose, C. Tanner, and M. A. Bellamy. Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference of Agricultural Economists, August 22–29, 1994, Harare, Zimbabwe. Hants, U.K.: Dartmouth Publishing. Kopp, R. J., and V. K. Smith. 1980. Frontier production function estimates for steam electric generation: A comparative analysis. Southern Economics Journal 47 (1): 1049–1059. Kumbhakar, S. C., S. Gosh, and J. T. McGuckin. 1991. A generalized production frontier approach for estimating determinants of inefficiency in U.S. dairy farms. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 9: 279–286. Maddala, G. S. 1971. The use of variance models in pooling cross section and time series data. Econometrica 39 (2): 341–358. Meeusen, W., and van den Broeck, J. 1977. Efficiency estimation from Cobb-Douglas production functions with composed error. International Economic Review 18 (4): 435–444. Olsen, S. R., C. V. Cole, F. S. Watanabe, and L. A. Dean. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. U.S. Department of Agriculture Circular 939. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Phillips, M. J., and R. P. Marble. 1986. Farmer education and efficiency: A frontier production function approach. Economy of Education Review 5: 257–264. Pitt, M. M., and L. F. Lee. 1981. The measurement and sources of technical inefficiency in the Indonesian weaving industry. Journal of Development Economics 9 (1): 43–64. Rufino, M. 2003. On-farm analysis of nematode infestation and soil fertility as constraints to the productivity of banana-based production systems in Uganda. M.S. thesis, Plant Sciences Department, Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands. Schmidt, P. 1986. Frontier production functions. Econometric Review 4 (2): 329–334.
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BANANA PRODUCTIVITY AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN UGANDA 127<br />
———. 1995. Recent developments in the frontier modeling <strong>and</strong> efficiency measurement. Australian<br />
Journal <strong>of</strong> Agricultural <strong>Economic</strong>s 39 (3): 219–245.<br />
Coelli, T. J., D. S. P. Rao, <strong>and</strong> G. E. Battese. 1998. <strong>An</strong> introduction to efficiency <strong>and</strong> productivity analysis.<br />
Amsterdam: Kluwer Academic Publishers.<br />
Farrell, M. J. 1957. The measurement <strong>of</strong> productive efficiency. Journal <strong>of</strong> the Royal Statistical Society,<br />
Series A 120 (3): 253–290.<br />
Forsund, F. R., C. A. K. Lovell, <strong>and</strong> P. Schmidt. 1980. A survey <strong>of</strong> frontier production functions <strong>and</strong><br />
their relationships to efficiency measurement. Journal <strong>of</strong> Econometrics 13 (1): 5–25.<br />
Fried, H. O., C. A. K. Lovell, <strong>and</strong> S. S. Schmidt. 1993. The measurement <strong>of</strong> productive efficiency:<br />
Techniques <strong>and</strong> applications. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<br />
Hussain, S. S. 1989. <strong>An</strong>alysis <strong>of</strong> economic efficiency in Northern Pakistan: Estimation, causes <strong>and</strong><br />
policy implications. Ph.D. dissertation, University <strong>of</strong> Illinois, Urbana–Champaign.<br />
Kalirajan, K. P. 1981. <strong>An</strong> econometric analysis <strong>of</strong> yield variability in paddy production. Canadian<br />
Journal <strong>of</strong> Agricultural <strong>Economic</strong>s 29 (2): 283–294.<br />
———. 1984. Farm-specific technical efficiencies <strong>and</strong> development policies. Journal <strong>of</strong> <strong>Economic</strong><br />
Studies 11 (3): 3–13.<br />
———. 1991. The importance <strong>of</strong> efficiency use in adoption <strong>of</strong> technology: A micro panel data analysis.<br />
Journal <strong>of</strong> Productivity <strong>An</strong>alysis 2 (2): 113–126.<br />
Kalirajan, K. P., <strong>and</strong> R. T. Sh<strong>and</strong>. 1986. Estimating location specific <strong>and</strong> farm specific technical efficiency:<br />
<strong>An</strong> analysis <strong>of</strong> Malaysian agriculture. Journal <strong>of</strong> <strong>Economic</strong> Development 11 (2):<br />
147–160.<br />
———. 1997. Modeling <strong>and</strong> measuring technical efficiency: <strong>An</strong> alternative approach. In Issues in agricultural<br />
competitiveness: Markets <strong>and</strong> policies, ed. R. Rose, C. Tanner, <strong>and</strong> M. A. Bellamy.<br />
Proceedings <strong>of</strong> the 22nd International Conference <strong>of</strong> Agricultural Economists, August 22–29,<br />
1994, Harare, Zimbabwe. Hants, U.K.: Dartmouth Publishing.<br />
Kopp, R. J., <strong>and</strong> V. K. Smith. 1980. Frontier production function estimates for steam electric generation:<br />
A comparative analysis. Southern <strong>Economic</strong>s Journal 47 (1): 1049–1059.<br />
Kumbhakar, S. C., S. Gosh, <strong>and</strong> J. T. McGuckin. 1991. A generalized production frontier approach for<br />
estimating determinants <strong>of</strong> inefficiency in U.S. dairy farms. Journal <strong>of</strong> Business <strong>and</strong> <strong>Economic</strong><br />
Statistics 9: 279–286.<br />
Maddala, G. S. 1971. The use <strong>of</strong> variance models in pooling cross section <strong>and</strong> time series data. Econometrica<br />
39 (2): 341–358.<br />
Meeusen, W., <strong>and</strong> van den Broeck, J. 1977. Efficiency estimation from Cobb-Douglas production functions<br />
with composed error. International <strong>Economic</strong> Review 18 (4): 435–444.<br />
Olsen, S. R., C. V. Cole, F. S. Watanabe, <strong>and</strong> L. A. Dean. 1954. Estimation <strong>of</strong> available phosphorus<br />
in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture Circular 939.<br />
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.<br />
Phillips, M. J., <strong>and</strong> R. P. Marble. 1986. Farmer education <strong>and</strong> efficiency: A frontier production function<br />
approach. Economy <strong>of</strong> Education Review 5: 257–264.<br />
Pitt, M. M., <strong>and</strong> L. F. Lee. 1981. The measurement <strong>and</strong> sources <strong>of</strong> technical inefficiency in the Indonesian<br />
weaving industry. Journal <strong>of</strong> Development <strong>Economic</strong>s 9 (1): 43–64.<br />
Rufino, M. 2003. On-farm analysis <strong>of</strong> nematode infestation <strong>and</strong> soil fertility as constraints to the productivity<br />
<strong>of</strong> banana-based production systems in Ug<strong>and</strong>a. M.S. thesis, Plant Sciences Department,<br />
Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s.<br />
Schmidt, P. 1986. Frontier production functions. Econometric Review 4 (2): 329–334.
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