Lab 4 Laser - Institutt for elektronikk og telekommunikasjon - NTNU

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Contents 1 Lab exercise: From pink light to red LASER 3 1.1 Laser safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1.1 Electrical hazard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1.2 Light hazard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1.3 Rules of thumb when working with lasers . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2 Laser fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.2.1 Light amplification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.2.2 Laser resonators and standing waves . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.3 Lab exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.3.1 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.3.2 HeNe-tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.3.3 HeNe-laser alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.3.4 Transversal modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.3.5 Polarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 A Output spectrum 12 2
Chapter 1 Lab exercise: From pink light to red LASER This lab exercise gives insight into the fundamentals of laser operation. A HeNe-discharge tube is used and aligned with a mirror to construct a laser. The fundamental properties of this laser are then investigated. 1.1 Laser safety A laser can be a powerful and harmful device. It is therefore very important that the laser is handled with outmost care and that your eyes always are protected. Never look into the laser aperture nor into the reflected light from the brewster window. 1.1.1 Electrical hazard The HeNe laser is pumped with a very high voltage: 1900 Volts!! Therefore: Do not touch any connectors on the HeNe discharge tube. The PSU (power supply unit) feeds the tube with 7mA. This is enough to kill you if you touch both wires!! Therefore, again: Do not tamper with any of the electrical wires concerning the discharge tube! 1.1.2 Light hazard Do NOT stare into laser light!! This is the first and most important rule for operating lasers. A laser provides high intensity light and may just burn a hole in your retina if you look into the laser light. Since the first laser was made in 1960 it has been clear that laser emissions are a hazard to the eye and skin, more of a hazard than most other light sources. Lasers are hazardous because they produce intense directed energy that can damage living tissues. There are other common light sources strong enough to cause permanent eye or skin damage, including: direct sunlight, arc 3
Page 1: From pink light to red LASER Lab ex
Page 5 and 6: 1.1 Laser safety 5 Class Power Haza
Page 7 and 8: 1.2 Laser fundamentals 7 1.2 Laser
Page 9 and 10: 1.2 Laser fundamentals 9 quencies o
Page 11 and 12: 1.3 Lab exercises 11 1.3.5 Polariza
Page 13: Bibliography [Duc04] Stephen Duchar

Lab 4 Laser - Institutt for elektronikk og telekommunikasjon - NTNU

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