Facing China's Coal Future - IEA

© OECD/IEA 2012 Facing China’s Coal Future
Prospects and Challenges for Carbon Capture and Storage
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................... 3
Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... 4
China’s Energy Demand and CO 2 Emissions ...................................................................................... 7
Energy demand and continued reliance on coal ....................................................................... 7
China’s energy‐related CO 2 emissions ....................................................................................... 9
Potential for CCS globally and in China ................................................................................... 11
Current CCS Development in China ................................................................................................. 15
China’s CCS policies and institutions ....................................................................................... 15
Key institutions, sectors and players ....................................................................................... 18
National R&D programmes...................................................................................................... 20
R&D trends and CCUS .............................................................................................................. 21
CCS Demonstration Projects ........................................................................................................... 26
Capture projects ...................................................................................................................... 27
Projects focusing on CO 2 utilisation and storage .................................................................... 29
Options for Financing CCS in China ................................................................................................. 31
Financial rationale and needs .................................................................................................. 31
Financing sources and schemes .............................................................................................. 32
Possible mechanisms for the future ........................................................................................ 40
Stakeholder Perceptions of CCS Options in China .......................................................................... 44
Introduction and views on role of CCS .................................................................................... 44
Survey key findings .................................................................................................................. 45
Conclusions and Implications for the Future .................................................................................. 50
China’s current strategy and drivers for CCS ........................................................................... 50
Challenges for the future ......................................................................................................... 52
Next steps ................................................................................................................................ 54
Abbreviations, acronyms and units of measure.............................................................................. 56
References ....................................................................................................................................... 59
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List of figures
Figure 1 World Energy Outlook New Policies Scenario primary energy demand until 2035 ............ 7
Figure 2 New Policies Scenario, Coal demand in China by sector, 2000‐35 ..................................... 8
Figure 3 Energy‐related CO 2 emissions by region, 2008‐2010 .......................................................... 9
Figure 4 Regional distributions of CO 2 emissions and sources from coal combustion 2009 .......... 10
Figure 5 Key technologies for reducing global CO 2 emissions ........................................................ 11
Figure 6 CCS deployment pathway as estimated in 2009 IEA Technology Roadmap ..................... 12
Figure 7 Chinese government institutions involved in energy policy and administration .............. 17