OES Annual Report 2012 - Ocean Energy Systems
OES Annual Report 2012 - Ocean Energy Systems OES Annual Report 2012 - Ocean Energy Systems
53 04 / COUNTRY REPORTS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Government Funded R&D The goal of the DOE Water Power Program investment strategy is to compress the MHK technology development timeline to approximately 10 years. Through targeted investments and the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) process, the Program helps advance developing MHK technologies toward technological maturity. TRLs are used by numerous federal agencies and private sector companies to assess the maturity of evolving technologies. TRLs 1-4 are focused on R&D, TRLs 5-8 are focused on early technology demonstration, and TRLs 9&10 are focused on full-scale prototypes, array deployments, and commercialization. In 2012 DOE continued its efforts to develop six computational “Reference Models” (RM) designed to establish baseline costs of energy (COE) for 6 standard MHK device designs. In this sense, a “Reference Model” primarily serves as a cost model for a reference device design. A comprehensive cost model is constructed by: (1) creating numerical models to evaluate performance and structural loads, (2) performing a reference resource site-assessment including energy intensity, and environmental siting and permitting, (3) developing a concept-level design, and (4) developing a cost and economic assessment of the technology at different deployment scales. Results will be verified and improved through subscale testing of each reference device and data-correlation with industry project deployments of real devices of similar archetype. Through this process, key cost drivers will become apparent and cost reduction pathways will be identified. The 6 chosen device types are: RM1 – Dual Rotor Axial Tidal Current Turbine RM2 – Dual Rotor Crossflow River Current Turbine RM3 – WEC Point Absorber RM4 – Ocean Current Axial Turbine RM5 – Moored Oscillating Surge Device RM6 – WEC Oscillating Water Column Reports for RMs 1-3 are nearing completion and will be published in early 2013. Development of RM4 is complete and the final report is being drafted. RMs 5 and 6 are under way and will be completed by the end of 2013. This past year DOE also completed an MHK testing infrastructure assessment for wave and current technologies to identify capability gaps, prioritize needs, estimate costs, and guide the Program’s investment strategy. After performing a global survey of existing MHK testing facilities, the assessment identified the following U.S. infrastructure needs: an open water test berth, a controlled-conditions, deep-water wave tank, and an oscillating drivetrain simulator. Following the results of this study, efforts are currently underway to develop the infrastructure necessary to close these gaps. The open water test berth will be a fully energetic site for TRL 7/8 demonstration of grid connected devices and eventually arrays. The deepwater wave tank (10-20 m depth) will create a controlled, repeatable testing environment for systematic trials with 1/5th scale wave energy devices at 1 m wave heights. The drivetrain simulator for power takeoff component testing will analyze rotary or linear systems based on function, power performance, and component safety. Furthermore, the Program also launched a new collaborative initiative to develop a numerical modeling package to simulate wave energy converters (WECSim). This joint venture by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) and other code developers will produce a quick-running open source code for assessing energy capture and power performance for multiple WEC geometries in an ‘operational’ (non-storm) wave climate. The WECsim modeling package will be made robust and reliable through verification by comparison with other similar codes and validation using comprehensive data sets. Upon completion and validation, WECSim will be made publicly available.
54 In addition to technology advancement R&D activities, there were a number of advances in environmental research and information sharing in 2012. The knowledge management system Tethys, developed by DOE’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), was released in the spring of 2012 at the Global Marine Renewable Energy Conference in Washington, DC (http://mhk.pnnl.gov/wiki/index.php/Tethys_Home). Tethys is a database and knowledge management system that provides access to information and data pertaining to the potential environmental effects of MHK and offshore wind development. Tethys also hosts data from Annex IV that will be available in early 2013. Many U.S. MHK environmental studies were completed in 2012, including a number of studies funded by DOE. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) released reports on fish blade strike experiments, which evaluated fish survival and injury rates following passage through a flume containing a hydrokinetic turbine. This research demonstrated that fish were largely able to avoid the turbines, and survival rates were very high. PNNL and SNL completed an analysis to assess the mechanics and biological consequences of blade strike on a Southern Resident Killer Whale by an OpenHydro turbine blade and found that adult whales are not likely to experience significant tissue injury, even in a worst case scenario. PNNL completed two studies to assess the effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) and tidal turbine noise exposure on a variety of marine species. SNL finished a multi-year effort to modify an Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model to predict impacts to system hydrodynamics and sediment transport from the operation of a tidal turbine; this tool is now available for regulator and developer use. Argonne National Laboratory also completed a project to develop conceptual models that assess potential MHK technology impacts to biological resources. Final reports from these studies and others will be available on PNNL’s Tethys database: http://mhk.pnnl.gov/wiki/index.php/Browse_Knowledge_Base. Other studies funded jointly by several U.S. agencies are being completed this year, including efforts to identify monitoring protocols for MHK and offshore wind projects, and a project evaluating the efficacy of various active acoustic devices for MHK monitoring purposes. DOE has also initiated several environmental research studies this year that will continue into 2013. DOE’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is working with Alden Laboratory to assess fish injury, morality, and behavior around a hydrokinetic turbine in light and dark conditions in a test flume. ORNL is also assessing the effects of EMF and turbine noise exposure on freshwater fish behavior in a net-pen mesocosm setting. SNL has begun to develop a model to assess the effects of a WEC on the hydrodynamics and sediment transport in a coastal system. Participation in Collaborative International Projects Annex IV is an international ocean energy environmental data sharing effort, led by the United States and comprised of six member nations (Canada, Ireland, Spain, Norway, and New Zealand), to expand global knowledge of current research and monitoring efforts on the potential environmental effects of ocean renewable energy development around the world. In 2012, the team working on this effort worked to gather data on environmental research occurring worldwide, to compile that research into a central database, and to draft a final report on the effort. The final report, the database, and its contents were reviewed by an international group of experts at a workshop in Ireland in October. The final report, comprised of three environmental issues presented as case studies, and the metadata from international research studies and device monitoring efforts will be housed on Tethys and made publicly available in early 2013. The U.S. is currently proposing an extension of Annex IV to the OES member nations. Annex V, which began in 2012, is intended to provide a global forum for exchanging and assessing ocean energy project technical data. The annex is comprised of a series of workshops that share knowledge and understanding of data and analysis across the spectrum of ocean resources and energy generation devices. These are expected to include: ÌÌ The measurement and analysis of ocean kinetics ÌÌ Sensors and instrumentation design and use ÌÌ Experimental methods and protocols ANNUAL REPORT 2012
- Page 11 and 12: 2 1.1 / ABOUT THE IEA The Internati
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- Page 39 and 40: 30 UNITED KINGDOM Karen Dennis Depa
- Page 41 and 42: 32 NORTHERN IRELAND In October 2012
- Page 43 and 44: 34 SCOTLAND ÌÌ Scottish Renewable
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- Page 53 and 54: 44 The Electricity Research Centre
- Page 55 and 56: 46 CANADA Tracey Kutney 1 2 , Jonat
- Page 57 and 58: 48 Relevant documents released ÌÌ
- Page 59 and 60: 50 Fundy Tidal Inc., a community-ba
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- Page 67 and 68: 58 BELGIUM Mathias Damen and Julien
- Page 69 and 70: 60 GERMANY Jochen Bard Fraunhofer I
- Page 71 and 72: 62 Voith Hydro Wavegen in Inverness
- Page 73 and 74: 64 NORWAY Carl Gustaf Rye-Florentz
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- Page 79 and 80: 70 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Governmen
- Page 81 and 82: 72 SPAIN José Luis Villate TECNALI
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- Page 101 and 102: 92 REPUBLIC OF KOREA Keyyong Hong K
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53<br />
04 / COUNTRY REPORTS<br />
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT<br />
Government Funded R&D<br />
The goal of the DOE Water Power Program investment strategy is to compress the MHK technology<br />
development timeline to approximately 10 years. Through targeted investments and the Technology Readiness<br />
Level (TRL) process, the Program helps advance developing MHK technologies toward technological maturity.<br />
TRLs are used by numerous federal agencies and private sector companies to assess the maturity of evolving<br />
technologies. TRLs 1-4 are focused on R&D, TRLs 5-8 are focused on early technology demonstration, and<br />
TRLs 9&10 are focused on full-scale prototypes, array deployments, and commercialization.<br />
In <strong>2012</strong> DOE continued its efforts to develop six computational “Reference Models” (RM) designed to<br />
establish baseline costs of energy (COE) for 6 standard MHK device designs. In this sense, a “Reference<br />
Model” primarily serves as a cost model for a reference device design. A comprehensive cost model is<br />
constructed by: (1) creating numerical models to evaluate performance and structural loads, (2) performing<br />
a reference resource site-assessment including energy intensity, and environmental siting and permitting,<br />
(3) developing a concept-level design, and (4) developing a cost and economic assessment of the<br />
technology at different deployment scales. Results will be verified and improved through subscale testing<br />
of each reference device and data-correlation with industry project deployments of real devices of similar<br />
archetype. Through this process, key cost drivers will become apparent and cost reduction pathways will<br />
be identified. The 6 chosen device types are:<br />
RM1 – Dual Rotor Axial Tidal Current Turbine<br />
RM2 – Dual Rotor Crossflow River Current Turbine<br />
RM3 – WEC Point Absorber<br />
RM4 – <strong>Ocean</strong> Current Axial Turbine<br />
RM5 – Moored Oscillating Surge Device<br />
RM6 – WEC Oscillating Water Column<br />
<strong>Report</strong>s for RMs 1-3 are nearing completion and will be published in early 2013. Development of RM4<br />
is complete and the final report is being drafted. RMs 5 and 6 are under way and will be completed by the<br />
end of 2013.<br />
This past year DOE also completed an MHK testing infrastructure assessment for wave and current<br />
technologies to identify capability gaps, prioritize needs, estimate costs, and guide the Program’s investment<br />
strategy. After performing a global survey of existing MHK testing facilities, the assessment identified<br />
the following U.S. infrastructure needs: an open water test berth, a controlled-conditions, deep-water<br />
wave tank, and an oscillating drivetrain simulator. Following the results of this study, efforts are currently<br />
underway to develop the infrastructure necessary to close these gaps. The open water test berth will be a<br />
fully energetic site for TRL 7/8 demonstration of grid connected devices and eventually arrays. The deepwater<br />
wave tank (10-20 m depth) will create a controlled, repeatable testing environment for systematic<br />
trials with 1/5th scale wave energy devices at 1 m wave heights. The drivetrain simulator for power takeoff<br />
component testing will analyze rotary or linear systems based on function, power performance, and<br />
component safety.<br />
Furthermore, the Program also launched a new collaborative initiative to develop a numerical modeling<br />
package to simulate wave energy converters (WECSim). This joint venture by the National Renewable<br />
<strong>Energy</strong> Laboratory (NREL), Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) and other code developers will produce a<br />
quick-running open source code for assessing energy capture and power performance for multiple WEC<br />
geometries in an ‘operational’ (non-storm) wave climate. The WECsim modeling package will be made<br />
robust and reliable through verification by comparison with other similar codes and validation using<br />
comprehensive data sets. Upon completion and validation, WECSim will be made publicly available.