Semantic Annotation for Process Models: - Department of Computer ...

50 CHAPTER 3. STATE OF THE ART
relationships. Intentional elements appear in SR models not only as external dependencies,
but also as internal elements arranged into (mostly hierarchical) structures of
means-ends, task-decompositions and contribution relationships [212]. The means-ends
links provide understanding about why an actor would engage in some tasks, pursue a
goal, need a resource, or want a soft goal; the task-decomposition links provide a hierarchical
description of intentional elements that make up a routine; the contribution
links provide elaboration of the effects from intentional elements to softgoals.
3.3.3 GBRAM (Goal-Based Requirements Analysis Method)
GBRAM [56] addresses the critical nature of the discovery process in goal analysis.
GBRAM can be used in goal analysis and goal refinement/evolution. It defines a
top-down analysis method refining goals and attributing them to agents starting from
inputs such as corporate mission statements, policy statements, interview transcripts
etc. Therefore operationalization process is provided for defining a goal with enough detail
so that its subgoals have an operational definition. GBRAM distinguishes between
achievement goals and maintenance goals. Achievement goals are objectives of functional
processes. Maintenance goals are those goals that are satisfied while their target
condition remains true. They tend to be operationalized as actions or constraints that
prevent certain states from being reached. Achievement goals usually map to actions
that occur in a system, while maintenance goals map to nonfunctional requirements.
In GBRAM, agents are the entities or processes that seek to achieve goals within
an organization or system based on the implicit responsibility that must assume for the
achievement of certain goals; constraints place conditions on the achievement of a goal;
goal obstacles are behaviors or other goals that prevent or block the achievement of a
given goal. GBRAM supports goal decomposition to subdividing a set of goals into a
logical subgrouping.
3.3.4 Goal modeling in EEML
Goals in an EEML model can be decomposed into sub-goals and goal connectors such
as "and", "or", or "xor". Those connectors can be used to specify logical relationships
between the goal and its sub-goals. Besides, EEML provides more connecting relation
types to associate goals with the elements in an EEML process model. The connecting
relationships in the EEML goal modeling are listed in Table 3.3.
3.3.5 Goal specification in WSMO
Goal models in WSMO [210] are descriptions of Web services that would potentially
satisfy the user desires. They provide the user view in the Web service usage process.
Goal is represented through the capability of the Web services the user would like to
have, and the interface of the Web service the user would like to have and interact with.
A set of properties strictly belonging to a goal are defined as non-functional properties
of a WSMO goal. A goal may be defined by reusing one or several already-existing
goals by using goal mediators.