Semantic Annotation for Process Models: - Department of Computer ...

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vi CONTENTS 7.5.2 Semantic reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 7.5.3 Simple walkthrough examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 7.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 III Evaluation 127 8 Quality Evaluation of the Method 129 8.1 Evaluation Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 8.2 Setting for the Quality Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 8.2.1 SEQUAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 8.2.2 The facts corresponding to the quality categories from the exemplar studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 8.3 Quality Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 8.3.1 Quality evaluation of GPO and PSAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 8.3.2 Quality analysis of the annotation model instances . . . . . . . . 136 8.3.3 Quality evaluation of Pro-SEAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 8.4 Requirements Satisfaction of the Semantic Annotation System . . . . . 140 8.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 9 Validation of Applicability 143 9.1 Validation Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 9.1.1 Application requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 9.1.2 SWRL rules and tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 9.2 SWRL Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 9.2.1 Formalizing RE1 - Navigation requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 9.2.2 Formalizing RE2 - Search requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 9.2.3 Formalizing RE3 - Semantic check requirements . . . . . . . . . 147 9.2.4 Formalizing RE4 - Knowledge discovery requirements . . . . . . 148 9.3 Applicability Validation in an Integration Application . . . . . . . . . . 151 9.4 Discussion on Results of the Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 9.4.1 Automatic vs. manual annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 9.4.2 Model analysis based on semantic relationships . . . . . . . . . . 159 9.4.3 Detecting missing annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 9.4.4 Semantic validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 9.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 IV Synopsis 163 10 Conclusions and Future Work 165 10.1 Research Questions and Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 10.2 Summary of the Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 10.3 Limitations and Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
CONTENTS vii V Appendices 171 A BPMN 173 A.1 BPMN Elements Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 A.2 Flow Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 A.2.1 Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 A.2.2 Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 A.2.3 Gateways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 A.3 Connecting Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 A.3.1 Sequence flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 A.3.2 Message flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 A.3.3 Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 A.4 Swimlanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 A.4.1 Pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 A.4.2 Lane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 A.5 Artifacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 A.5.1 Data Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 A.6 BPMN meta-model tree in Metis 5.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 B EEML 2005 179 B.1 Process Modeling Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 B.1.1 Task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 B.1.2 Decision Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 B.1.3 Milestone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 B.1.4 Resource role . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 B.2 Recourses Modeling Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 B.3 EEML modeling relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 B.4 EEML 2005 in Metis 5.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 C SCOR 183 C.1 Level 1 Process Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 C.2 Level 2 Toolkit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 C.3 Level 3 Process Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 D Algorithm for Goal Annotation 189 E GUI of Pro-SEAT 197 F Analysis of Exemplar Studies 203 F.1 Semantic Annotation with SCOR ontology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 F.2 Integration Application Based On Semantic Annotation . . . . . . . . . 205 G Schema of PSAM and SWRL Rules 209 G.1 PSAM in OWL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 G.2 Rule Definitions in SWRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Page 1 and 2: Yun Lin Semantic Annotation for Pro
Page 3: To MY BELOVED HUSBAND HAO DING AND
Page 6 and 7: ii The proposed approach has been i
Page 8 and 9: iv CONTENTS 3 State of the Art 31 3
Page 12 and 13: viii CONTENTS H PSAM Annotation Res
Page 14 and 15: x LIST OF FIGURES 6.1 System module
Page 16 and 17: xii LIST OF FIGURES
Page 18 and 19: xiv LIST OF TABLES
Page 20 and 21: xvi PREFACE My tremendous gratitude
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 1 Introduction Business pro
Page 25 and 26: 1.2. PROBLEM STATEMENT AND RESEARCH
Page 27 and 28: 1.4. APPROACH AND SCOPE 7 1.4.1 Sem
Page 29 and 30: 1.6. MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS 9 1.6 Majo
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 2 Problem Setting In this c
Page 33 and 34: Figure 2.1: Zachman Enterprise Arch
Page 35 and 36: 2.2. MODELING BASIS 15 meta-model o
Page 37 and 38: 2.3. INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SEMANT
Page 43 and 44: 2.4. SEMANTIC INTEROPERABILITY 23 3
Page 45 and 46: 2.5. BUSINESS PROCESS MODEL 25 2.5
Page 47 and 48: 2.6. PROCESS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 2
Page 49 and 50: 2.7. SUMMARY 29 • Creation or imp
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 3 State of the Art This cha
Page 53 and 54: 3.1. PROCESS MODELING LANGUAGES 33
Page 55 and 56: 3.1. PROCESS MODELING LANGUAGES 35
Page 57 and 58: Table 3.1: Modeling constructs of d
Page 59 and 60: 3.2. SEMANTIC INTEROPERABILITY AND
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3.2. SEMANTIC INTEROPERABILITY AND
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Representation primitives Process P
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3.3. GOAL MODELING 49 From the surv
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3.4. SEMANTIC ANNOTATION METHODS AN
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3.6. SUMMARY 59 In the goal modelin
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Part II Design and Application 61
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64 CHAPTER 4. SEMANTIC ANNOTATION F
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84 CHAPTER 5. GOAL ANNOTATION proce
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86 CHAPTER 5. GOAL ANNOTATION in a
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88 CHAPTER 5. GOAL ANNOTATION • i
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90 CHAPTER 5. GOAL ANNOTATION 5.5 G
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92 CHAPTER 5. GOAL ANNOTATION
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94 CHAPTER 6. PRO-SEAT (PROCESS SEM
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100 CHAPTER 6. PRO-SEAT (PROCESS SE
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102 CHAPTER 6. PRO-SEAT (PROCESS SE
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104 CHAPTER 7. EXEMPLAR STUDIES AND
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Chapter 8 Quality Evaluation of the
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8.2. SETTING FOR THE QUALITY EVALUA
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8.2. SETTING FOR THE QUALITY EVALUA
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8.3. QUALITY ANALYSIS 135 to those
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8.3. QUALITY ANALYSIS 137 annotatio
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8.3. QUALITY ANALYSIS 139 • G1 -
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8.5. SUMMARY 141 3. Semantic annota
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Chapter 9 Validation of Applicabili
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9.1. VALIDATION DESIGN 145 - RE3.3
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9.2. SWRL FORMULATION 147 Table 9.1
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9.2. SWRL FORMULATION 149 RE3.2 RE3
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9.3. APPLICABILITY VALIDATION IN AN
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9.4. DISCUSSION ON RESULTS OF THE V
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9.4. DISCUSSION ON RESULTS OF THE V
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Part IV Synopsis 163
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166 CHAPTER 10. CONCLUSIONS AND FUT
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Appendix A BPMN This chapter presen
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A.3. CONNECTING OBJECTS 175 Figure
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A.6. BPMN META-MODEL TREE IN METIS
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Appendix B EEML 2005 The language v
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B.2. RECOURSES MODELING DOMAIN 181
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Appendix C SCOR SCOR — Supply Cha
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C.2. LEVEL 2 TOOLKIT 185 Level 1 Me
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C.3. LEVEL 3 PROCESS ELEMENTS 187 F
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Appendix D Algorithm for Semi-Autom
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191 Algorithm 1 Goal Annotation Alg
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Algorithm 4 Goal Annotation Algorit
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195 Algorithm 6 Goal Annotation Alg
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Appendix E GUI of Pro-SEAT The prop
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199 Figure E.3: Mapping meta-model
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201 Figure E.5: Goal annotation UI
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Appendix F Analysis of the Annotati
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F.2. INTEGRATION APPLICATION BASED
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F.2. INTEGRATION APPLICATION BASED
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Appendix G Schema of PSAM and SWRL
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G.1. PSAM IN OWL 211
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G.2. RULE DEFINITIONS IN SWRL 213
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G.2. RULE DEFINITIONS IN SWRL 215
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Appendix H Annotation Results in Ex
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H.2. ANNOTATION OF PM B1 219 xmlns:
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H.3. ANNOTATION OF PM B2 221 Av
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Bibliography [1] ALTOVA. What is th
Page 245 and 246:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 225 [26] Dov Dori. Why
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 227 [52] Ian Horrocks.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 229 [78] John Krogstie
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 231 [102] Diana Maynar
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 233 [129] OASIS Cover
Page 255 and 256:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 235 [157] Colette Roll
Page 257 and 258:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 237 [185] Systems Thin
Page 259:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 239 [214] John.A. Zach
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