Lectures notes for 2010 - KTH

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Routers: Performance 1/2 to 1 Million packets per second (pps) for every gigabit per second of aggregate bandwidth more than 250,000 routes Maguire Performance 13: 24 of 91 maguire@kth.se 2010.03.21 Internetworking/Internetteknik
PC interfaces Standard I/O ports of PCs: • Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) • PCI • Version 2.1 PCI bus - 64 bit, 66MHz, can burst to 528 Mbps • PCI-X 2.0: “High Performance, Backward Compatible PCI for the Future” [2] • PCI-X 533, offering up to 4.3 gigabytes per second of bandwidt • Universal Serial Bus (USB) • USB: 12Mbps - with plug and play • USB 2.0 [3] • Apple Computers’ Firewire ⇒ IEEE 1394 • supporting more than 400 Mbps • P1394B (Gigabit 1394) defined in IEEE Std 1394b-2002 • 10/100/1000 Ethernet Maguire PC interfaces 13: 25 of 91 maguire@kth.se 2010.03.21 Internetworking/Internetteknik
Page 1 and 2:
IK1550 Internetworking/Internettekn
Page 3 and 4:
Internetworking....................
Page 5 and 6:
Virtual Interface (VIF)............
Page 7 and 8:
Module 2: IP Basics: Routing, ARP,
Page 9 and 10:
Wireshark’s IO Graph functionalit
Page 11 and 12:
ICMP Redirect .....................
Page 13 and 14:
Building a UDP packet from scratch
Page 15 and 16:
Module 5: TCP, HTTP, RPC, NFS, X...
Page 17 and 18:
Problems with multiple connections.
Page 19 and 20:
Module 6: SCTP ....................
Page 21 and 22:
Module 7: Dynamic Routing .........
Page 23 and 24:
BGP Open Message ..................
Page 25 and 26:
IGMP Implementation Details........
Page 27 and 28:
Capacity Assignment ...............
Page 29 and 30:
Network Management Systems ........
Page 31 and 32:
Module 10: IPv6 ...................
Page 33 and 34:
Why IPv6? .........................
Page 35 and 36:
Wireless WANs . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 37 and 38:
Module 12: IPSec, VPNs, Firewalls,
Page 39 and 40:
Module 13: Future and Summary......
Page 41 and 42:
Peer to peer networking ...........
Page 43 and 44:
Module 14: Some exercises..........
Page 45 and 46:
Welcome to the Internetworking cour
Page 47 and 48:
Goals, Scope and Method Goals of th
Page 49 and 50:
Learning Outcomes Following this co
Page 51 and 52:
Prerequisites • Datorkommunikatio
Page 53 and 54:
Topics • What an internet is and
Page 55 and 56:
Grades: A..F (ECTS grades) • To g
Page 57 and 58:
Written Assignment Goal: to gain an
Page 59 and 60:
Literature The course will mainly b
Page 61 and 62:
Lecture Plan Subject to revision!
Page 63 and 64:
Context of the module Communication
Page 65 and 66:
How can we deal with all of these d
Page 67 and 68:
Basic concepts open-architecture ne
Page 69 and 70:
Internetworked Architecture H … M
Page 71 and 72:
Trends: Shifting from traditional t
Page 73 and 74:
IP traffic growing exponentially! T
Page 75 and 76:
Growth rates Some people think the
Page 77 and 78:
Increasing Data Rates “Ethernet
Page 79 and 80:
The Internet Today Local … Local
Page 81 and 82:
Implicit vs. Explicit Information V
Page 83 and 84:
Encapsulation Appl header user data
Page 85 and 86:
• Transport layer • Port number
Page 87 and 88:
IP “Protocol” field (RFC 1700)
Page 89 and 90:
Decimal Keyword Protocol References
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Basic communication mechanism: data
Page 97 and 98:
Common Used Simple Services Name TC
Page 99 and 100:
Simple Campus Network WAN ISP’s r
Page 101 and 102:
How important are switches vs. rout
Page 103 and 104:
Ethernet Encapsulation (RFC 894) DS
Page 105 and 106:
IEEE 802 Numbers of Interest “…
Page 107 and 108:
SLIP Problems ⇒CSLIP ≡ Compress
Page 109 and 110:
PPP: Point to Point Protocol PPP (R
Page 111 and 112:
PPP summary • support for multipl
Page 113 and 114:
Loopback interface summary • loop
Page 115 and 116:
Using VIF for tunneling TCP UDP ...
Page 117 and 118:
Figure 16: Start the program, then
Page 119 and 120:
Figure 18: After capturing some pac
Page 121 and 122:
Figure 19: Export the captured traf
Page 123 and 124:
Importing in to a Microsoft Excel 1
Page 125 and 126:
Figure 22: Final step -- Note that
Page 127 and 128:
Using a Perl script #!/usr/bin/perl
Page 129 and 130:
Choosing which columns to display F
Page 131 and 132:
Figure 26: Save your parameters and
Page 133 and 134:
Classful addressing Classically the
Page 135 and 136:
Special Case IP Addresses IP Addres
Page 137 and 138:
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CID
Page 139 and 140:
IP address assignments Internet Ser
Page 141 and 142:
Problems with the dual functions of
Page 143 and 144:
Standardization Organizations The m
Page 145 and 146:
W. Richard Stevens • Born in Luan
Page 147 and 148:
[12] Van Jacobson, "If a Clean Slat
Page 149 and 150:
IP Basics Outline • IP Routing: D
Page 151 and 152:
Routing The internet protocols are
Page 153 and 154:
Forwarding • Next-Hop method - ro
Page 155 and 156:
Forwarding module A simplified view
Page 157 and 158:
Fast forwarding Mikael Degermark, A
Page 159 and 160:
where ddd is some numeric value. Ro
Page 161 and 162:
Host routing A host either: • kno
Page 163 and 164:
Combining layers Many devices now c
Page 165 and 166:
What to do with a new computer? We
Page 167 and 168:
ARP ≡ Address Resolution Protocol
Page 169 and 170:
Address Resolution Cache Since you
Page 171 and 172:
ARP example 2 B FTPd C resolver (1)
Page 173 and 174:
Gratuitous ARP Host sends a request
Page 175 and 176:
ARP - as seen with ethereal Time So
Page 177 and 178:
RARP: Reverse Address Resolution Pr
Page 179 and 180:
RARP server Someone has to know the
Page 181 and 182:
Novel IPX/SPX Addresses Another app
Page 183 and 184:
tcpdump Under HP-UX 11.0 # ./tcpdum
Page 185 and 186:
Tools Used: tcpdump Program tcpdump
Page 187 and 188:
Maguire Wireshark (formerly Etherea
Page 189 and 190:
Tools Used: sock Program • A simp
Page 191 and 192:
#include #include #include #incl
Page 193 and 194:
Wireshark’s IO Graph functionalit
Page 195 and 196:
Interarrival delay and variance Fig
Page 197 and 198:
Summary This lecture we have discus
Page 199 and 200:
[10] Gianluca Insolvibile, “The L
Page 201 and 202:
• IP • ICMP • Useful Diagnost
Page 203 and 204:
checksum, and options fields. Magui
Page 205 and 206:
MTU½≡Maximum Transmission Unit M
Page 207 and 208:
Fields relevant to Fragmentation
Page 209 and 210:
Serial line throughput At 9,000 bit
Page 211 and 212:
7 {ECN Capable Transport (ECT) and
Page 213 and 214:
Precedence Precedence values are de
Page 215 and 216:
Precendence and telephony systems S
Page 217 and 218:
TTL field Time To Live (TTL) (8 bit
Page 219 and 220:
IPv4 Options • IPv4 options were
Page 221 and 222:
Categories of IP Options • Single
Page 223 and 224:
ICMP Port Unreachable Error Example
Page 225 and 226:
PING: Packet InterNet Groper or son
Page 227 and 228:
On a HP-UX 11.0 machine: ping -ov w
Page 229 and 230:
Useful Tool: Traceroute Programs De
Page 231 and 232:
This lecture we have discussed: •
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Transport layer protocols The trans
Page 237 and 238:
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) • Da
Page 239 and 240:
UDP Checksum and Pseudo-Header •
Page 241 and 242:
Port numbers in three groups Range
Page 243 and 244:
Fragmentation Required If datagram
Page 245 and 246:
• on a BSDI system: • each of t
Page 247 and 248:
With an even larger UDP packet I re
Page 249 and 250:
Datagram truncation What if the app
Page 251 and 252:
Learning about Socket programming F
Page 253 and 254:
UDP server design Stevens, Vol, 1,
Page 255 and 256:
Changed the client Changing the fol
Page 257 and 258:
if (!(proto = getprotobyname("raw")
Page 259 and 260:
ICMP Source Quench Error Since UDP
Page 261 and 262:
No error control Since UDP has no e
Page 263 and 264:
BOOTP continued When a request is s
Page 265 and 266:
DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Pr
Page 267 and 268:
• Message - used by a server to p
Page 269 and 270:
DHCP’s importance • allows reus
Page 271 and 272:
Example of dhcpd.conf ### Managed b
Page 273 and 274:
Trivial File Transfer Procotol (TFT
Page 275 and 276:
Mapping names to IP addresses Host
Page 277 and 278:
Zones A zone is a subtree of the DN
Page 279 and 280:
(see Stevens, Vol. 1, figure 14.2,
Page 281 and 282:
Domain registrars Internet Corporat
Page 283 and 284:
Resource Records (RR) See Stevens,
Page 285 and 286:
Network names Conventions: • it.k
Page 287 and 288:
Example: $ORIGIN it.kth.se. @ 1D IN
Page 289 and 290:
How to give your host a name? Host
Page 291 and 292:
Configuring DNS • Configuring the
Page 293 and 294:
Load leveling [1] For example, f.ro
Page 295 and 296:
Where is f.root-servers.net ? trace
Page 297 and 298:
Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS) R
Page 299 and 300:
Attacks upon DNS • Denial of serv
Page 301 and 302:
DNS performance - top 100 From www.
Page 303 and 304:
Web performance - continued Using P
Page 305 and 306:
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
Transport layer protocols • User
Page 311 and 312:
Applications which use TCP Lots of
Page 313 and 314:
TCP header continued Reliability is
Page 315 and 316:
time client SYN, seq=x SYN, seq=y,
Page 317 and 318:
client active close ACKs from clien
Page 319 and 320:
Maximum Segment Size • The Maximu
Page 321 and 322:
Window size Increasing window size
Page 323 and 324:
Silly Window Syndrome If receiver a
Page 325 and 326:
Disabling the Nagle Algorithm But s
Page 327 and 328:
Resulting bulk data flow Every segm
Page 329 and 330:
Congestion Avoidance So far we have
Page 331 and 332:
Slow start In 1989, Van Jacobson in
Page 333 and 334:
Round-Trip Time Measurement Fundame
Page 335 and 336:
Congestion Avoidance Algorithm Slow
Page 337 and 338:
Per-Route Metrics Newer TCPs keeps
Page 339 and 340:
TCP Keepalive Timer No data flows a
Page 341 and 342:
Long Fat Pipes Networks with large
Page 343 and 344:
Example of TCP behavior 1 1. Figure
Page 345 and 346:
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Page 347 and 348:
HTTP Requests request-line == reque
Page 349 and 350:
HTTP Response Codes HTTP 3-digit re
Page 351 and 352:
Server Redirect Response code 302,
Page 353 and 354:
Decrease in total time to produce a
Page 355 and 356:
HTTP Statistics Statistics for indi
Page 357 and 358:
HTTP Performance Problems HTTP open
Page 359 and 360:
Web Enabled Devices emWare - thin c
Page 361 and 362:
Remote Procedure Call (RPC) Two ver
Page 363 and 364:
External Data Representation (XDR)
Page 365 and 366:
NFSspy Insert a new pointer in plac
Page 367 and 368:
nfsspy Initial implementations were
Page 369 and 370:
Often there are multiple NFS client
Page 371 and 372:
NFS Mount protocol Server can check
Page 373 and 374:
NFS over TCP Provided by some vendo
Page 375 and 376:
X Window System • Client-server a
Page 377 and 378:
X was optimized for use across LANs
Page 379 and 380:
Additional tools for watching TCP P
Page 381 and 382:
Transaction TCP (T/TCP) Piggyback a
Page 383 and 384:
References [1] Information Sciences
Page 385 and 386:
Transport layer protocols • User
Page 387 and 388:
SCTP Applications • Initial goal
Page 389 and 390:
• Type SCTP Chunk 0 7 8 15 16 23
Page 391 and 392:
INIT Chunk 0 7 8 15 16 23 24 31 Typ
Page 393 and 394:
INIT ACK Chunk 0 7 8 15 16 23 24 31
Page 395 and 396:
COOKIE ECHO Chunk 0 7 8 15 16 23 24
Page 397 and 398:
Data Chunk 0 7 8 15 16 23 24 31 Typ
Page 399 and 400:
Selective Acknowledgement (SACK) Ch
Page 401 and 402:
Association Termination Two forms o
Page 403 and 404:
0 7 8 15 16 23 24 31 Type = 14 Flag
Page 405 and 406:
ethereal capture - daytime - INIT F
Page 407 and 408:
ethereal capture - daytime - COOKIE
Page 409 and 410:
ethereal capture - daytime - DATA F
Page 411 and 412:
ethereal capture - daytime - SHUTDO
Page 413 and 414:
ethereal capture - daytime - SHUTDO
Page 415 and 416:
HEARTBEAT and HEARTBEAT ACK Chunks
Page 417 and 418:
Differences from TCP Congestion Con
Page 419 and 420:
3 When retransmitting to a remote a
Page 421 and 422:
Forward Cumulative TSN Allows an en
Page 423 and 424:
SCTP Performance See the upcoming e
Page 425 and 426:
Page 427 and 428:
2002 http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc330
Page 429 and 430:
• Dynamic Routing Protocols Outli
Page 431 and 432:
Routing Principles • Routing Mech
Page 433 and 434:
Processing Rouing daemon route comm
Page 435 and 436:
Autonomous systems (ASs) - RFC1930
Page 437 and 438:
Routing Algorithms • Static vs. D
Page 439 and 440:
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
Page 441 and 442:
When are routes sent? Solicited res
Page 443 and 444:
Count to Infinity C network 1 netwo
Page 445 and 446:
Triggered updates and Hold-Downs To
Page 447 and 448:
Why would anyone use RIP? After all
Page 449 and 450:
IGRP Metrics • a vector of metric
Page 451 and 452:
IGRP Default Gateway Rather than us
Page 453 and 454:
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) OSP
Page 455 and 456:
OSPF building blocks 1. Hello proto
Page 457 and 458:
Hello packet 0 7 8 15 16 23 24 31 V
Page 459 and 460:
Link State Announcement (LSA) heade
Page 461 and 462:
Link state update packet 0 7 8 15 1
Page 463 and 464:
Link state acknowledgement packet 0
Page 465 and 466:
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) an
Page 467 and 468:
Local vs. Transit traffic Local tra
Page 469 and 470:
BGP does not transmit metrics. Howe
Page 471 and 472:
Redistribution of Route Information
Page 473 and 474:
• Open • Update • Keepalive
Page 475 and 476:
BGP Update Message 0 7 8 15 16 23 2
Page 477 and 478:
BGP Notification Message 0 7 8 15 1
Page 479 and 480:
Federal Internet eXchange (FIX) A t
Page 481 and 482:
Global Internet eXchange (GIX) Glob
Page 483 and 484:
Network Access Points (NAPs) At the
Page 485 and 486:
Router Arbiter Project Router Arbit
Page 487 and 488:
Euro6IX The European IPv6 Internet
Page 489 and 490:
Flows A flow is defined as a “uni
Page 491 and 492:
A Tag Edge router labels a packet b
Page 493 and 494:
Creating tags Since tag switching d
Page 495 and 496:
Page 497 and 498:
[14] R. Hinden (Editor), “Applica
Page 499 and 500:
• Multicast • IGMP • RSVP Out
Page 501 and 502:
Broadcast and Multicast Traditional
Page 503 and 504:
Broadcasting • Limited Broadcast
Page 505 and 506:
Alternative centralized model CU-Se
Page 507 and 508:
IP Multicast scales well • End-no
Page 509 and 510:
Steve Deering’s Multicast Dynamic
Page 511 and 512:
Multicasting IP addresses Multicast
Page 513 and 514:
Converting Multicast Group to Ether
Page 515 and 516:
Problems Unfortunately many links d
Page 517 and 518:
How does IGMP fit into the protocol
Page 519 and 520:
IGMP Implementation Details In orde
Page 521 and 522:
IGMP Version 2 [3] Allows a host to
Page 523 and 524:
IGMP - ethereal Figure 7: IGMP pack
Page 525 and 526:
Frame 2: IGMP v2 Membership Report
Page 527 and 528:
Frame 15: IGMP v2 Leave Group Ether
Page 529 and 530:
Therefore a Multicast Router • Li
Page 531 and 532:
Multicast Routing - Flooding • ma
Page 533 and 534:
Multicast Routing - Spanning Trees
Page 535 and 536:
Reverse -Path Forwarding (RPF) RPF
Page 537 and 538:
Reverse Path Broadcast (RPB) • We
Page 539 and 540:
Distance-Vector Multicast Routing P
Page 541 and 542:
Core-Based Trees (CBT) A fixed poin
Page 543 and 544:
Multiprotocol BGP (MBGP) [10] Exten
Page 545 and 546:
Telesys class was multicast over MB
Page 547 and 548:
MBONE Chronology Nov. 1988 Small gr
Page 549 and 550:
For the some statistics see: http:/
Page 551 and 552:
mrouted mrouted UNIX deamon tunneli
Page 553 and 554:
GLOP addressing Traditionally multi
Page 555 and 556:
Other multicast efforts PGM: Pragma
Page 557 and 558:
SNMP-based tools and multicast rela
Page 559 and 560:
SNMP tools for working with multica
Page 561 and 562:
RSVP: Resource Reservation Setup Pr
Page 563 and 564:
Resource Reservation • Interarriv
Page 565 and 566:
Capacity Assignment • end-nodes a
Page 567 and 568:
RSVP Soft State • “soft state
Page 569 and 570:
RSVP operations (continued) • At
Page 571 and 572:
Argument against Reservation Given,
Page 573 and 574:
Page 575 and 576:
[13] B. Fenner and D. Meyer (Editor
Page 577 and 578:
• Network Management • SNMP •
Page 579 and 580:
Network Management Process Network
Page 581 and 582:
Version 1 SNMP Version 2 - in 1992-
Page 583 and 584:
SNMP • SNMPv1 • only 5 commands
Page 585 and 586:
Case Diagram To understand the rela
Page 587 and 588:
Remote MONitoring (RMON) [ RMON MIB
Page 589 and 590:
RMON1 Statistics Information collec
Page 591 and 592:
EtherStatsEntry ::= SEQUENCE { ethe
Page 593 and 594:
HostEntry ::= SEQUENCE { HostEntry
Page 595 and 596:
The Matrix Group Matrix group consi
Page 597 and 598:
Information collected from network
Page 599 and 600:
Network Management Systems • HP O
Page 601 and 602:
• Web based Interfaced Management
Page 603 and 604:
DMI 2.0 has three groups: • Compo
Page 605 and 606:
Common Information Model (CIM) •
Page 607 and 608:
Inter-domain Management task force
Page 609 and 610:
Applications • E-mail • E-mail
Page 611 and 612:
Deregulation ⇒ New regulations
Page 613 and 614:
Latency 1 Usability FAX relay/broad
Page 615 and 616:
Voice Gateway 2B+D or 30B+D or …
Page 617 and 618:
Fax Support Both store-and-forward
Page 619 and 620:
Cisco Voice Over IP Enables Cisco 3
Page 621 and 622:
2,400/4,800/7,200/9,600/14,400 bps
Page 623 and 624:
“The wireless workplace will soon
Page 625 and 626:
Carriers offering VOIP “Equant, a
Page 627 and 628:
Economics "Can Carriers Make Money
Page 629 and 630:
Patents Mixing voice and data in th
Page 631 and 632:
Deregulation ⇒ Trends • replaci
Page 633 and 634:
RTP: Real-Time Transport Protocol D
Page 635 and 636:
SIP: Session Initiation Protocol SI
Page 637 and 638:
SIP Invite 1 INVITE sip:bob@biloxi.
Page 639 and 640:
SIP Methods Method Invite Bye Optio
Page 641 and 642:
ENUM IETF’s E.164 Number Mapping
Page 643 and 644:
Web Services Using protocols built
Page 645 and 646:
Page 647 and 648:
Page 649 and 650:
Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)
Page 651 and 652:
• Wireless computers • supporti
Page 653 and 654:
Device Control • Control everyday
Page 655 and 656:
IPv6 header format version 4 bits C
Page 657 and 658:
Simplifications IPv6 builds on 20 y
Page 659 and 660:
Payload length Payload length is th
Page 661 and 662:
Extension headers • Each header i
Page 663 and 664:
Writing an IPv6 address The 128 bit
Page 665 and 666:
Binary prefix Hex. prefix Fraction
Page 667 and 668:
Interface ID Must be unique to the
Page 669 and 670:
Link local addresses Link local add
Page 671 and 672:
Permanently assigned groups For exa
Page 673 and 674:
Prefix for IPv6 documentation The I
Page 675 and 676:
IPv6 Routing • all standard routi
Page 677 and 678:
Fragment header Next Header (8 bits
Page 679 and 680:
intermediate relays on the way to t
Page 681 and 682:
Security • Header Authentication
Page 683 and 684:
IPv6 ICMP [13] Type (8 bits) Code (
Page 685 and 686:
IPv6 ICMP Echo Request/Reply (PING)
Page 687 and 688:
Summary of IPv6 ICMP • incorporat
Page 689 and 690:
IPv6 Transition Mechanisms • Incr
Page 691 and 692:
IPv6 networks 6Bone - http://www.6b
Page 693 and 694:
If things are to be connected they
Page 695 and 696:
Where are ISPs? “… There is evi
Page 697 and 698:
Page 699 and 700:
[13] A. Conta and S. Deering, “In
Page 701 and 702:
Page 703 and 704:
Emerging Network Architecture H …
Page 705 and 706:
Updating after a move Host name:
Page 707 and 708:
Communication from Z to X γ Z C X
Page 709 and 710:
Identification γ Z C Y B α γ Z C
Page 711 and 712:
How did it know to send the “I am
Page 713 and 714:
Getting Service Once it’s identit
Page 715 and 716:
Alternative 1 Initially X is locate
Page 717 and 718:
Alternative 3 Initially X is locate
Page 719 and 720:
Alternative 4 continued Initially X
Page 721 and 722:
What happens in the case of wireles
Page 723 and 724:
Wireless WANs BS-a cell a BS-a cell
Page 725 and 726:
Mobile IP Standardization Effort
Page 727 and 728:
A Mobile-IP(V6) Scenario Home Agent
Page 729 and 730:
Tunneling IP Datagrams Both home ag
Page 731 and 732:
Why Agent Discovery? Agent Discover
Page 733 and 734:
Registration Message Format 0 8 16
Page 735 and 736:
FA Requirements (v4) • Each FA mu
Page 737 and 738:
Optimization Problem Home site Inte
Page 739 and 740:
Mobile IP Problems and Development
Page 741 and 742:
Wireless IP Network Architecture Ho
Page 743 and 744:
HAWAII extension is similar to Cell
Page 745 and 746:
Hierarchical FA and Regional Tunnel
Page 747 and 748:
Hierarchical FA and Regional Tunnel
Page 749 and 750:
Page 751 and 752:
Page 753 and 754: Private networks Private Networks a
Page 755 and 756: Security Protocols, APIs, etc. •
Page 757 and 758: IPSec IPSec in three parts: • enc
Page 759 and 760: AH header For authentication purpos
Page 761 and 762: Where can you run IPSec? Mode Where
Page 763 and 764: Linux firewall For example, for the
Page 765 and 766: Proxy Access Through A Firewall ext
Page 767 and 768: Newping http://ftp.cerias.purdue.ed
Page 769 and 770: Secure Mailer (aka Postfix) Wietse
Page 771 and 772: • TCP Wrappers - allows monitorin
Page 773 and 774: Network Address Translation exterio
Page 775 and 776: Network Security Exercises You will
Page 777 and 778: This lecture we have discussed: •
Page 779 and 780: [13] Swedish Defense Material Admin
Page 781 and 782: IK1550 Internetworking/Internettekn
Page 783 and 784: Generations of technology versus ge
Page 785 and 786: Dissemination not conversation On s
Page 787 and 788: Are interplanetary and intergalacti
Page 789 and 790: Trends: Shifting from traditional t
Page 791 and 792: Visualizing these laws 100 25000 80
Page 793 and 794: Exponential growth As Ray Kurzweil
Page 795 and 796: Is this only true for books? Chris
Page 797 and 798: Too cheap to meter "It is not too m
Page 799 and 800: What Would Google Do? Jeff Jarvis
Page 801 and 802: Service Differentiation Integrated
Page 803: Mobile ad hoc Networks (MANETs) Ad
Page 807 and 808: IP Storage Area Networks (SANs) Usi
Page 809 and 810: • Internet SCSI (iSCSI) JBOD == J
Page 811 and 812: “Beowulf-class” machines Using
Page 813 and 814: Internet2 http://www.internet2.org/
Page 815 and 816: Speed through Silicon FPGAs used in
Page 817 and 818: Active Networks • Network nodes c
Page 819 and 820: Smart Networks with Sensors (Ren an
Page 821 and 822: Future of the Internet An important
Page 823 and 824: Clean slate re-design of the Intern
Page 825 and 826: Is an hourglass the right model? Ru
Page 827 and 828: Wikinomics Don Tapscott and Anthony
Page 829 and 830: Resource pooling examples Resource
Page 831 and 832: What kinds of things might be inter
Page 833 and 834: Vehicle Area Networks (VANs) Contro
Page 835 and 836: • Vehicle maintenance: diagnostic
Page 837 and 838: Buildings Heating, Ventilation, and
Page 839 and 840: Infrastructure • Is their ice on
Page 841 and 842: Is saying “Internet of xxx” mis
Page 843 and 844: • Server and Network Bandwidth an
Page 845 and 846: Evolution of new varieties of netwo
Page 847 and 848: How do I know where I am? Location
Page 849 and 850: Requirements • Systems with which
Page 851 and 852: Badge Communications Model Badges a
Page 853 and 854: Smart Badge Sensors Details of the
Page 855 and 856:
A view of the packaged badge As sho
Page 857 and 858:
Split the functions between access
Page 859 and 860:
Personal Computing and Communicatio
Page 861 and 862:
Future Systems Audio I/O GPS source
Page 863 and 864:
Non-metalic bi-directional neural i
Page 865 and 866:
Spotting trends at 1% Mark J. Penn
Page 867 and 868:
Further Reading [1] Kalevi Kilkki,
Page 869 and 870:
[23] Darwin Valderas Núñez, “In
Page 871 and 872:
Thanks Best wishes on your written
Page 873 and 874:
Internets - configuration 1 Figure
Page 875 and 876:
Adding a firewall and router Intern
Page 877 and 878:
Adding a WiMAX link Internets - con
Page 879:
Adding two-way multimedia Configura
show all

Lectures notes for 2010 - KTH

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?