Lectures notes for 2010 - KTH
Lectures notes for 2010 - KTH Lectures notes for 2010 - KTH
IP WAN Multicast Requirements • Convention for recognizing IP multicast • Convention for mapping IP to LAN address • Protocol for end nodes to inform their adjacent routers, • Protocol for routers to inform neighbor routers • Algorithm to calculate a spanning tree for message flow • Transmit data packets along this tree Maguire IP WAN Multicast Requirements 8: 13 of 78 maguire@kth.se 2010.03.21 Internetworking/Internetteknik
Multicasting IP addresses Multicast Group Addresses - “Class D” IP address • High 4 bits are 0x1110; which corresponds to the range 224.0.0.0 through 239.255.255.255 • host group ≡ set of hosts listening to a given address • membership is dynamic - hosts can enter and leave at will • no restriction on the number of hosts in a host group • a host need not belong in order to send to a given host group • permanent host groups - assigned well know addresses by IANA – 224.0.0.1 - all systems on this subnet – 224.0.0.2 - all routers on this subnet – 224.0.0.4 - DVMRP routers – 224.0.0.9 - RIP-2 routers – 224.0.1.1 - Network Time Protocol (NTP) - see RFC 1305 and RFC 1769 (SNTP) – 224.0.1.2 - SGI’s dogfight application Maguire Multicasting IP addresses 8: 14 of 78 maguire@kth.se 2010.03.21 Internetworking/Internetteknik
- Page 459 and 460: Link State Announcement (LSA) heade
- Page 461 and 462: Link state update packet 0 7 8 15 1
- Page 463 and 464: Link state acknowledgement packet 0
- Page 465 and 466: Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) an
- Page 467 and 468: Local vs. Transit traffic Local tra
- Page 469 and 470: BGP does not transmit metrics. Howe
- Page 471 and 472: Redistribution of Route Information
- Page 473 and 474: • Open • Update • Keepalive
- Page 475 and 476: BGP Update Message 0 7 8 15 16 23 2
- Page 477 and 478: BGP Notification Message 0 7 8 15 1
- Page 479 and 480: Federal Internet eXchange (FIX) A t
- Page 481 and 482: Global Internet eXchange (GIX) Glob
- Page 483 and 484: Network Access Points (NAPs) At the
- Page 485 and 486: Router Arbiter Project Router Arbit
- Page 487 and 488: Euro6IX The European IPv6 Internet
- Page 489 and 490: Flows A flow is defined as a “uni
- Page 491 and 492: A Tag Edge router labels a packet b
- Page 493 and 494: Creating tags Since tag switching d
- Page 495 and 496: Summary This lecture we have discus
- Page 497 and 498: [14] R. Hinden (Editor), “Applica
- Page 499 and 500: • Multicast • IGMP • RSVP Out
- Page 501 and 502: Broadcast and Multicast Traditional
- Page 503 and 504: Broadcasting • Limited Broadcast
- Page 505 and 506: Alternative centralized model CU-Se
- Page 507 and 508: IP Multicast scales well • End-no
- Page 509: Steve Deering’s Multicast Dynamic
- Page 513 and 514: Converting Multicast Group to Ether
- Page 515 and 516: Problems Unfortunately many links d
- Page 517 and 518: How does IGMP fit into the protocol
- Page 519 and 520: IGMP Implementation Details In orde
- Page 521 and 522: IGMP Version 2 [3] Allows a host to
- Page 523 and 524: IGMP - ethereal Figure 7: IGMP pack
- Page 525 and 526: Frame 2: IGMP v2 Membership Report
- Page 527 and 528: Frame 15: IGMP v2 Leave Group Ether
- Page 529 and 530: Therefore a Multicast Router • Li
- Page 531 and 532: Multicast Routing - Flooding • ma
- Page 533 and 534: Multicast Routing - Spanning Trees
- Page 535 and 536: Reverse -Path Forwarding (RPF) RPF
- Page 537 and 538: Reverse Path Broadcast (RPB) • We
- Page 539 and 540: Distance-Vector Multicast Routing P
- Page 541 and 542: Core-Based Trees (CBT) A fixed poin
- Page 543 and 544: Multiprotocol BGP (MBGP) [10] Exten
- Page 545 and 546: Telesys class was multicast over MB
- Page 547 and 548: MBONE Chronology Nov. 1988 Small gr
- Page 549 and 550: For the some statistics see: http:/
- Page 551 and 552: mrouted mrouted UNIX deamon tunneli
- Page 553 and 554: GLOP addressing Traditionally multi
- Page 555 and 556: Other multicast efforts PGM: Pragma
- Page 557 and 558: SNMP-based tools and multicast rela
- Page 559 and 560: SNMP tools for working with multica
IP WAN Multicast Requirements<br />
• Convention <strong>for</strong> recognizing IP multicast<br />
• Convention <strong>for</strong> mapping IP to LAN address<br />
• Protocol <strong>for</strong> end nodes to in<strong>for</strong>m their adjacent routers,<br />
• Protocol <strong>for</strong> routers to in<strong>for</strong>m neighbor routers<br />
• Algorithm to calculate a spanning tree <strong>for</strong> message flow<br />
• Transmit data packets along this tree<br />
Maguire IP WAN Multicast Requirements 8: 13 of 78<br />
maguire@kth.se <strong>2010</strong>.03.21 Internetworking/Internetteknik
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