draft manuscript - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley
draft manuscript - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley
draft manuscript - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley
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aikiaRa musap1R1ka persona =kana uyepe =semai Dios muRa<br />
dem.prox.ms three person =pl.ms one =verid God 3sg.ms<br />
santísima trinidad<br />
Holy Trinity<br />
=nani Ra= SiRa<br />
=contr.foc 3sg.ms= name<br />
‘They are not three Gods. These three persons are truly one God. The Holy Trinity is its<br />
name.’<br />
(example (5.10b))<br />
Synchronically, =nani has a broader function as a limitative, and is also homophonous with<br />
the quotative nani (Michael et al. in prep). It is likely that Old Omagua =nani did not encode<br />
contrastive focus per se, but rather that the fronted position <strong>of</strong> santísima trinidad ‘Holy Trinity’<br />
in (2.78) is responsible for the contrastive focus reading. A similar interaction between frontedness<br />
and =nani has been reported for Kokama-Kokamilla (see Vallejos Yopán (2009:419-421)), and is<br />
also frequent in modern Omagua.<br />
2.3.8.3 Exclusive Focus =semai<br />
Unlike the veridical function <strong>of</strong> =semai when it appears in second position with respect to the<br />
clause (§2.2.3.1.5), =semai may additionally break up initial constituents, in which case it encodes<br />
exclusive focus with scope over the entire constituent that it breaks up. In (2.79), =semai breaks<br />
up the constituent Rakumesamaipupe ‘with his words’, whereas in (2.80) it breaks up the constituent<br />
uyepe Dios ‘one God’. 99<br />
(2.79) Rasemai kumesamaipupe Ra ni putaRimaipupe puRai.<br />
Ra= =semai<br />
3sg.ms= =excl.foc<br />
=pupe puRai<br />
=instr contr.foc<br />
kumesa<br />
say<br />
=mai =pupe Ra= ni putaRi =mai<br />
=inact.nomz =instr 3sg.ms= ? desire =inact.nomz<br />
‘With and only with his words, and not merely with his desires.’<br />
(example (6.3b))<br />
(2.80) aikiaRa musap1R1ka personakana uyepesemai Dios muRa. 100<br />
aikiaRa musap1R1ka persona =kana uyepe =semai Dios muRa<br />
dem.prox.ms three person =pl.ms one =excl.foc God 3sg.ms<br />
‘These three persons are one God and one God alone.’<br />
(example (5.10b))<br />
99 See §2.2.3.1.5 for a discussion how second-position clitic =semai does not otherwise break up complex noun phrases.<br />
100 Note that in (2.80) aikiaRa musap1R1ka personakana ‘these three people’ is extra-clausal in the same that yenesawakana<br />
‘our souls’ is extra-clausal in (2.18) (see footnote 51). Note also that the resumptive pronoun in (2.80),<br />
muRa 3sg.ms, does not agree in number with its antecedent. This phenomenon is attested elsewhere in the ecclesiastical<br />
texts, though we should note that, in modern Omagua, the expected resumptive pronoun here would be<br />
Raná 3pl.ms.<br />
51
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