draft manuscript - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley
draft manuscript - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley
draft manuscript - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley
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2.3.7.3.2 Temporal Overlap: Point =pupekatu ‘when’ The VP-final enclitic =pupekatu<br />
expresses the temporal overlap between the events described by two clauses, when those events may<br />
be construed as points in time (e.g., see English ‘when’). In this construction, =pupekatu attaches<br />
to the entire verb phrase <strong>of</strong> the supporting clause. It is attested only once in the ecclesiastical texts,<br />
as in (2.63), and is not described by Veigl (1788). 91 However, it is highly productive in modern<br />
Omagua.<br />
(2.63) uyaw1R1 RauRiaRi aikiaRa tuyuka Ritama upapupekatu.<br />
uyaw1R1<br />
again<br />
Ra= uRi =aRi aikiaRa tuyuka Ritama upa =pupekatu<br />
3sg.ms= come =impf dem.prox.ms land village come.to.end =temp.ovrlp<br />
‘He will come again when the Earth ends.’<br />
(example (6.23b))<br />
Although this morpheme appears to derive historically from two distinct morphemes, the instrumental<br />
=pupe and the intensifier =katu, it is reconstructable to Proto-Omagua-Kokama as<br />
*=pupekatu (cf., Kokama-Kokamilla -puka (Vallejos Yopán 2010a:642-644)).<br />
2.3.7.3.3 Temporal Overlap: Period =kate ‘while’ The allative =kate (elsewhere a postpositional<br />
enclitic that attaches to nouns (see Table 2.17)) expresses the temporal overlap between<br />
the events described by two clauses, when those events may be construed as periods <strong>of</strong> time (e.g.,<br />
see English ‘while’). In this construction, =kate attaches to the predicate <strong>of</strong> the supporting clause.<br />
The construction is not attested in the ecclesiastical texts, but is in Veigl’s sketch <strong>of</strong> Old Omagua,<br />
as in (2.64). 92<br />
(2.64) a. ta cumessa cate<br />
b. tacumessacate<br />
c. takumesakate<br />
ta= kumesa =kate<br />
1sg.ms= speak =temp.ovrlp<br />
latin: ‘dum loquor’ ∼ ‘in loquendo ego’<br />
english: ‘while I speak’ ∼ ‘with me speaking’<br />
(Veigl 1788:199)<br />
In modern Omagua, this function is carried out by the enclitic =katikatu, as in (2.65). 93<br />
(2.65) Modern Omagua<br />
yap1tuka InI tanakamatausukatikatu.<br />
yap1tuka<br />
rest<br />
InI tana= kamata =usu =katikatu<br />
2sg 1pl.excl.ms= work =and =temp.ovrlp<br />
91 Note that it is not apparent from the example in (2.63) that =pupekatu is attaching to the entire verb phrase.<br />
Rather, our evidence for this syntactic distribution comes from modern Omagua, and we have no reason to believe<br />
that the same distribution did not hold for Old Omagua as well.<br />
92 Latin translations are those in Veigl’s original work; English translations are our own. See §3.1 for a discussion <strong>of</strong><br />
the format <strong>of</strong> (2.64), which we use throughout this work in presenting Old Omagua data.<br />
93 Espinosa Pérez (1935:70) gives this form as . However, the reduplication <strong>of</strong> grammatical morphemes<br />
(in this case =kati all), as is entailed by this form, is not attested in Old or modern Omagua, suggesting that<br />
Espinosa Pérez may have been in error. The representation reflects a post-lexical phonological process<br />
whereby k palatalizes following i.<br />
45