draft manuscript - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley

‘It is Jesus Christ, the Son of God, true God, true man, with his soul, his body and his
blood exactly.’
(example (6.31b))
In this example, as is true to a lesser degree for (2.55) and (2.56), the theological significance
of exact identity is extremely important, given that the catechist is emphasizing the point that
the bread and wine of the Sacrament are identical to the body and blood of Christ, respectively.
Because maiRamania coordinates constituents in only one of its three attestations, we have opted
to gloss it as ‘exactly(.as)’, where the parenthetical ‘as’ is relevant in those instances when it does
function as a coordinator. Otherwise, ‘exactly’ is meant to capture its adverbial use.
2.3.7 Clause-Linking
Old Omagua exhibited a series of enclitics that function as clause-linkers, a subset of which we
discuss here. These are the purposives =senuni and =maka (§2.3.7.1); the non-assertive marker
=RaSi (§2.3.7.2); the temporal clause-linkers =sakap1R1 temp.post, =pupekatu ‘when’ and =kate
‘while’ (§2.3.7.3); the manner adverbial marker =pupe (§2.3.7.4); and the reason clause-linkers
=ikua and =sep1 ‘because (of)’ (§2.3.7.5). Interestingly, many clause-linkers derive historically from
spatial postpositions (see respective sections).
Enclitic clause-linkers fall into one of two classes: 1) those that attach directly to the verb (i.e.,
verb-final); and 2) those that attach to the verb phrase if the argument host (most typically the
object in a transitive clause) is a pronominal proclitic, but to the verb directly if the hypothetical
argument host would be an independent pronoun or noun (i.e., VP-final). 87
2.3.7.1 Purposive Markers
Two purposive markers are attested in Old Omagua, a marker of positive purpose =senuni (§2.3.7.1.1),
and a marker of negative purpose =maka (§2.3.7.1.2). In modern Omagua =senuni is one of three
purposive markers, which also include -taRa and -miRa. The realization of a given marker hinges on
a complex interaction between ellipsed arguments in the supporting clause (in the sense of Dixon
(2009)), coreference restrictions with the absolutive argument of the main clause and semantic
criteria, which also hold for modern Kokama-Kokamilla (see Vallejos Yopán 2010a:617-628, 2012). 88
2.3.7.1.1 Positive Purpose =senuni The purposive marker =senuni is a verb-final enclitic
that attaches to the verb of a supporting clause that describes an event that serves as the purpose
for the realization of the event described by the main (focal) clause. This is shown in (2.58).
(2.58) 1watimai Ritamakate, muRiapai saR1waRaSi Ranakak1R1senuni.
1wati =mai Ritama =kate muRiapai saR1wa =RaSi Rana= kak1R1
be.high.up =inact.nomz village =all uninterruptedly be.happy =nass 3pl.ms= live
=senuni
=purp
87 The alternation between proclitic pronominal arguments with VP-final enclitics and independent pronominal arguments
with verb-final enclitics hinges on a complex interaction of factors that include discourse givenness and
person, which are outside the scope of this work (but see Sandy and O’Hagan (2012a).
88 These syntactic and semantic restrictions follow from the grammaticalization of these morphemes from nominalizers
(see O’Hagan (2012b)).
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