draft manuscript - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley

marked by the purposive =senuni (see §??). The form maRaikua is attested in the catechism fragment
only, and receives a response with a verb marked by =senuni. This appears to indicate that
the former quadripartite distinction was either already being lost at the time of the writing of the
Jesuit texts, or not fully commanded by the author. The fact that maniaikua is not attested in Old
Omagua, but is so synchronically, is likely due to happenstance.
2.3.6 Noun-Phrase Coordination
2.3.6.1 Conjunction with weRanu
Old Omagua marks the conjunction of two or more noun phrases via the particle weRanu coord,
which follows the final of a series of conjoined elements, as in (2.47).
(2.47) k w aRaSi, yas1, sesukana, w1Rakana, 1watakana weRanu, to maRitipa aikiaRakana Dios muRa?
k w aRaSi yas1 sesu =kana
sun moon star =pl.ms
aikiaRa
dem.prox.ms.pro
=kana
=pl.ms
w1Ra =kana
bird =pl.ms
Dios muRa
God 3sg.ms
1wata =kana weRanu to maRi =tipa
forest =pl.ms coord ? what =interr
‘The sun, the moon, the stars, the birds and the forests, which of these is God?’
(example (5.6a))
It may also conjoin two verb phrases in separate sentences, as in (2.48), and in this case is
frequently translated as ‘also’. 81 The previous question in the discourse is ‘Why did God make all
these things?’.
(2.48) maRaikuatipa Dios yaw1k1 weRanu muRa awa?
maRai
what
=ikua =tipa Dios yaw1k1 weRanu muRa awa
=reas =interr God create coord 3sg.ms man
‘Why did God also make man?’
(example (5.8a))
The coordinator weRanu has fallen out of both modern Omagua and Kokama-Kokamilla, but is
reconstructable to Proto-Omagua-Kokama as it shares cognates across the Tupí-Guaraní family. 82
81 The translation of weRanu as ‘also’ dates back at least to Hervás y Panduro (1787a:98).
82 The coordinator =weRanu appears to derive from the fusion of two Tupí-Guaraní clitics. In Kamaiurá, these are
=we and =Ran. In that language, =we has the same distribution as Old Omagua weRanu, conjoining NPs for a
reading of ‘and also’, as in (2.1). Glosses in these examples have been modified from the original for clarity.
(2.1) ije akwahap sapaĩa galvão manuewawe.
ije a- kwahap sapaĩ -a galvão manuew -a =we
1sg.pron 1sg.erg-
know Sapaĩ -ref Galvão Manuel -ref =coord
‘I know Sapaĩ, Galvão and also Manuel.’
(Seki 2000:248)
The form =Ran conjoins verb phrases, in which function it also appears following the conjoined elements.
(2.2) akaRupotat akepotaRan.
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