draft manuscript - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley
draft manuscript - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley
draft manuscript - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley
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clitic =tipa, whereas the corresponding interrogative word in the Full Catechism, (9.37), does not.<br />
The wh-word maniamai is attested in modern Omagua (albeit with a meaning <strong>of</strong> ‘what type <strong>of</strong>’),<br />
where it cannot be marked by =pa, the interrogative clitic in modern Omagua. The questions also<br />
differ in their the treatment <strong>of</strong> the object <strong>of</strong> uwaka ‘transform’, awa ‘man’, with the Full Catechism<br />
object bearing the nominal purposive clitic =Ra, as we expect based on modern Omagua, but<br />
the corresponding element in the Catechism Fragment laking this clitic, rendering the construction<br />
ungrammatical. The responses show the same difference in appropriate use <strong>of</strong> the nominal purposive.<br />
Other than the difference in the use <strong>of</strong> the nominal purposive, the responses also differ in the<br />
Fragment marking ta1Ra ‘son’ with the veridical =semai verid to maintain the fact that it is God’s<br />
true son who transformed into a man.<br />
(9.36) a. aikiaRa musap1R1ka personakanasui, maniamaitipa awa uwaka 1m1nua?<br />
aikiaRa<br />
dem.prox.ms<br />
1m1nua<br />
long.ago<br />
musap1R1ka<br />
three<br />
persona<br />
person<br />
‘Of these three people, which became man?<br />
b. Dios ta1Rasemai awa uwaka 1m1nua.<br />
Dios ta1Ra =semai awa uwaka 1m1nua<br />
God son.male.ego =verid man transform long.ago<br />
‘The son <strong>of</strong> God truly became man.<br />
(see (5.11))<br />
=kana =sui maniamai =tipa awa uwaka<br />
=pl.ms =abl which =interr man transform<br />
(9.37) a. aikiaRa musap1R1ka personakanasui, maniamai awaRa uwaka 1m1nua?<br />
aikiaRa musap1R1ka<br />
dem.prox.ms three<br />
uwaka 1m1nua<br />
transform long.ago<br />
persona<br />
person<br />
‘Of these three people, which became man?<br />
b. Dios ta1Ra awaRa uwaka 1m1nua.<br />
=kana =sui maniamai awa =Ra<br />
=pl.ms =abl which man =nom.purp<br />
Dios ta1Ra awa =Ra uwaka 1m1nua<br />
God son.male.ego man =nom.purp transform long.ago<br />
‘The son <strong>of</strong> God became man.’<br />
(see (6.11))<br />
12th Question-Response Pair The same difference in the use <strong>of</strong> maRaikua and maniasenuni,<br />
discussed above in the questions <strong>of</strong> (9.32) and (9.33) is found in (5.12) and (6.12). In the responses,<br />
the Fragment shows an additional clause describing Christ’s taking Christians to Heaven that is<br />
absent in the Full Catechism, although the latter states that Christ will save Christians both from<br />
their evils and from Hell, whereas the former does not mention Hell (see footnote 188).<br />
Interim Summary In Table 9.2 we summarize the major findings laid out at the beginning <strong>of</strong><br />
this section with regard to the grammatical characteristics <strong>of</strong> each <strong>of</strong> the two catechistic texts.<br />
A check mark indicates grammatical uses <strong>of</strong> the construction in question, while an ‘X’ indicates<br />
ungrammatical uses.<br />
151
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