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draft manuscript - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley

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maRai =tipa Dios<br />

what =interr God<br />

‘What is God?’<br />

b. 1watimai Ritama, aikiaRa tuyuka Ritama, upakatu maRainkana, yaw1k1taRa yaRawasu Dios<br />

muRa.<br />

1wati =mai Ritama aikiaRa tuyuka<br />

be.high.up =inact.nomz village dem.prox.ms land<br />

=kana yaw1k1 -taRa yaRa =wasu Dios muRa<br />

=pl.ms make -act.nomz master =aug God 3sg.ms<br />

Ritama<br />

village<br />

upa<br />

all<br />

‘God is the Creator <strong>of</strong> Heaven, Earth, and all things, the great Lord.’<br />

(see (6.2))<br />

=katu maRain<br />

=intsf thing<br />

3rd Question-Response Pair The questions in this pair exhibit a difference in the presence<br />

<strong>of</strong> the interrogative clitic =tipa, which appears on the instrumental-bearing interrogative word<br />

maRi=pupe ‘with what’ in the Catechism Fragment in (9.24), but is absent on the corresponding<br />

element maRai=pupe in the Full Catechism, in (9.25) (note that the forms <strong>of</strong> the interrogative word<br />

‘what’ are slightly different). The Full Catechism and modern Omagua exhibit the same pattern<br />

in not allowing the interrogative clitic to co-occur with a postposition, such as the instrumental<br />

=pupe, on interrogative words. If we assume that this is the correct pattern, we conclude that the<br />

contributors to the Catechism Fragment over-generalized the distribution <strong>of</strong> the interrogative clitic<br />

from interrogative words that question core arguments only to all interrogative words, include ones<br />

that question obliques.<br />

(9.24) a. maRipupetipa Dios yaw1k1 upakatu maRainkana?<br />

maRi =pupe =tipa Dios yaw1k1 upa =katu maRain =kana<br />

what =instr =interr God make all =intsf thing =pl.ms<br />

‘With what did God make all things?’<br />

b. Rakumesapupe puRai.<br />

Ra= kumesa =pupe puRai<br />

3sg.ms= word =instr merely<br />

‘Merely with his words.’<br />

(see (5.3))<br />

(9.25) a. maRaipupe Dios yaw1k1 1m1nua aikiaRa upakatu maRainkana?<br />

maRai<br />

what<br />

=pupe Dios yaw1k1 1m1nua aikiaRa upa =katu maRain =kana<br />

=instr God make long.ago dem.prox.ms all =intsf thing =pl.ms<br />

‘With what did God make all these things?<br />

b. Rasemai kumesamaipupe Ra ni putaRimaipupe puRai.<br />

Ra= =semai kumesa =mai =pupe Ra= ni putaRi<br />

3sg.ms= =excl.foc say =inact.nomz =instr 3sg.ms= ? desire<br />

=mai<br />

=inact.nomz<br />

=pupe<br />

=instr<br />

puRai<br />

contr.foc<br />

‘With and only with his words, and not merely with his desires.’<br />

(see (6.3))<br />

144

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