draft manuscript - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley
draft manuscript - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley
draft manuscript - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley
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espíritu santo =sui muRa virgen santa maría seweka =sui 373 Ra= uwaRi 1m1nua<br />
Holy Spirit =abl 3sg.ms Virgin Mary womb =abl 3sg.ms= be.born long.ago<br />
‘He became man in the womb <strong>of</strong> the Virgin Mary. He is <strong>of</strong> the Holy Spirit and was born <strong>of</strong><br />
the womb <strong>of</strong> the Virgin Mary.’<br />
(see (6.13b))<br />
Finally, in (9.12), =sui licenses the adverbial expression m1t1R1pe 1p1sa ‘midnight’. In modern<br />
Omagua, adverbs, including 1p1sa ‘night, at night’, do not need to be licensed by a postposition,<br />
and we posit that this construction is a calque on Spanish de medianoche ‘at midnight’. Not that<br />
the use <strong>of</strong> postposition =m1t1R1pe ‘in the middle <strong>of</strong>’ is itself ungrammatical here, since it appears<br />
before its putative complement, reflecting a morpheme-by-morpheme calque <strong>of</strong> medianoche.<br />
(9.12) m1t1R1pe 1p1sasui comulgayaRayakatu maRai kuRataRaSi, nuamai utSaya[Ra]RaSi, Ranasawaitimia<br />
santísimo sacramento?<br />
m1t1R1pe 1p1sa =sui comulga =yaRa =ya =katu maRai kuRata<br />
in.middle.<strong>of</strong> night =abl receive.communion =poss.nomz =sim =intsf thing drink<br />
=RaSi nua =mai utSa =yaRa =RaSi Rana= sawaiti =mia<br />
=nass be.big =inact.nomz sin =poss.nomz =nass 3pl.ms= encounter =irr<br />
santísimo sacramento<br />
Holy Sacrament<br />
‘Drinking in the middle <strong>of</strong> the night like a communicant, but being a great sinner, would<br />
they receive the Holy Sacrament?’<br />
(see (6.30a))<br />
Uriarte use <strong>of</strong> Omagua ablative in his diaries likewise suggests calquing <strong>of</strong> Spanish de ‘<strong>of</strong>, from’,<br />
as in (9.13), where the ablative is used to express de otro mano ‘from another hand’, which issues<br />
<strong>of</strong> idiomaticity aside, we would expect to be expressed with the instrumental. 374<br />
(9.13) Roaya amua puasui R[a]umanusenuni.<br />
Roaya<br />
neg<br />
amua<br />
other<br />
pua =sui Ra= umanu =senuni<br />
hand =abl 3sg.ms= die =purp<br />
‘So that he wouldn’t die from another hand.’<br />
(see (8.2b))<br />
9.3.2.3 Extensions <strong>of</strong> =aRi diffuse locative<br />
Old Omagua exhibited a diffuse locative =aRi, whose modern reflex licenses an oblique argument<br />
that denotes an extended region that serves as a spatial ground with respect to a figure denoted<br />
by another referring expression, and is in contact with that figure. The ecclesiastical texts exhibit<br />
two instances in which presence <strong>of</strong> the diffuse locative appears to be motivated by the desire to<br />
find an Omagua counterpart to the preposition en ‘on in Spanish verb-plus-particle constructions in<br />
which the preposition does not encode any spatial semantics. These examples include (9.14), from<br />
373 Note that this instance <strong>of</strong> =sui is grammatical, since the verb uwaRi elsewhere means ’fall’, i.e., it is a motion verb.<br />
374 Note that we do not consider the fact that we know Uriarte’s use <strong>of</strong> the Omagua ablative to have been calqued<br />
on Spanish de to be sufficient evidence to conclude that Uriarte was the author <strong>of</strong> the ecclesiastical text sentences<br />
with calques uses <strong>of</strong> =sui.<br />
138