draft manuscript - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley
draft manuscript - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley
draft manuscript - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley
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Roaya epeka 275 -ta =RaSi pantaleón upai =kana usu =aRi kawa =kate<br />
neg be.open -caus =nass Pantaleón every =pl.ms go =impf forest =all<br />
‘The governor is wicked, we want to flee. Don’t get angry, Father. If he doesn’t free<br />
Pantaleón, everyone will go to the forest.’<br />
original: ‘Éste es un mal gobernador; nosotros queremos huir; si no lo suelta del cepo<br />
todos iremos al monte.’<br />
(Uriarte [1776]1986:273)<br />
8.4 Part III, Section 13<br />
During the Spanish invasion <strong>of</strong> Portugal in the latter half <strong>of</strong> 1762 (part <strong>of</strong> the events <strong>of</strong> the Seven<br />
Years’ War), the residents <strong>of</strong> San Joaquín feared reprisals from Portuguese soldiers in the western<br />
portion <strong>of</strong> Brazil. 276 Word reached Uriarte via José Bahamonde (b. 1710 Quito – d. 1786 Ravenna)<br />
(Jouanen 1943:726), resident priest at Pebas, located nearer the Brazilian border, that a garrison <strong>of</strong><br />
40 Portuguese soldiers was in fact stationed further east at Tauatini (modern-day Tabatinga). 277 In<br />
these tense circumstances, an indigenous man named Simón Nicanor came to Uriarte with the news<br />
that he heard a tremendous noise while fishing in the quebrada de Mayorunas (location unknown),<br />
which Nicanor attributed to the soldiers’ drums. This rumor spread through San Joaquín, and many<br />
residents fled into the forest to escape a possible assault. During their absence, those Omagua that<br />
remained in the community snuck into the homes abandoned by those who fled and filled them with<br />
shells <strong>of</strong> charapas and taricayas (two turtle species). 278 Uriarte reports that when the residents<br />
eventually returned, the Omaguas who played the prank laughed, uttering (8.5).<br />
(8.5) a. Tariqueja; yaua para suri.<br />
b. Tariqueja; yauaparasuri.<br />
c. taRikaya, yawapaRasuRi.<br />
taRikaya 279<br />
turtle.sp.<br />
yawapaRa<br />
flee<br />
-suRi<br />
-subj.nomz<br />
‘Taricaya, fleeing person (i.e., coward).’<br />
(Uriarte [1776]1986:315)<br />
272 The word tuisa is not attested in modern Omagua, but it has clear cognates in other Tupí-Guaraní langauges, e.g.,<br />
Tupinambá uBiSaB ‘chief’ (Lemos Barbosa 1951:155)), based on which we give it the same gloss here, although it<br />
clearly denotes the governor.<br />
273 In modern Omagua, this form has reduced to yaupaRa. This same reduction pattern has occurred with all words<br />
beginning with the sequence yawa, when the second syllable appears in unstressed position preceding a stop (e.g.,<br />
*yawakaRa ‘menstruate’ > yaukaRa).<br />
274 In Uriarte’s Omagua passages, patiRi appears in both vocative and non-vocative contexts. In modern Omagua,<br />
Spanish padre has replaced the vocative function <strong>of</strong> patiRi, and the latter is only attested in non-vocative contexts.<br />
In the following examples we gloss patiRi as ‘priest’ but translate late it as a vocative where appropriate.<br />
275 In modern Omagua overt verbal subjects are obligatory, but no subject appears before epekata ‘open’ here. Note<br />
that otherwise, the same subject requirement appears to hold for Old Omagua.<br />
276 See Uriarte ([1776]1986:312-316) for a more detailed account <strong>of</strong> these events.<br />
277 Note, incidentally, the use <strong>of</strong> the Omagua toponym Tawatini (from tawa ‘clay’ and tini ‘be white’) and not the<br />
later Nheengatú toponym Tabatinga.<br />
278 Podocnemis expansa (Arrau turtle) and Podocnemis unifilis (Yellow-spotted Amazon river turtle), respectively.<br />
279 We have chosen this transliteration <strong>of</strong> based on the modern Omagua reflex taRikaya. However,<br />
we recognize that there are significant leaps implicit in our decision that may not be faithful to the phonemic<br />
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