The Contribution of Women to Peace and Reconciliation

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� What arguments did the belligerent parties use to legitimize their escalation of violence? � Which role did the media play? Course of the conflict/war: � How and when did the international community/ the UN react to the out break of violence? � Were the warring parties supported with weapons/money from abroad? � How was the civilian population involved in the conflict/war? What was the situation of women and children, participation of teenagers in acts of war, what was the context of argumentation used by the participants to legitimize their causes? � What pressure/ violence did the warring parties exert upon the civilian population? Violence/rape of women and children? � Which resistance movements were formed? � What were the decisive events for the escalation of processes of violence? � When and where in the course of the conflict/war were there factors which made pacification seem possible? Why couldn’t these factors be used? � What role did the UN play in the conflict, e.g., via peace-keeping forces? What effect did the presence of these troops have upon the warring parties involved? Or the other way round: what effect did the absence of the UN in the conflict have? Resistance to the war: � Which resistance movements existed? � How did resistance movements behave towards the civilian population? � Which civilian forces were there which opposed the violence? 281
� What role did the work of women played in maintaining the social life of families? � Which forms did civilian resistance take? Pacification strategies: � What attempts at pacification were made? � What role did outside powers, including the UN, play? � Which attempts at pacification were successful, or temporarily successful? � Why were there setbacks? � What were the consequences for the civilian population of unsuccessful attempts at pacification, e.g. destruction of social cohesion? � What are the most important factors permitting enemies to find a peaceful compromise? Reconciliation work: � Is there reconciliation work despite violence and war? � What are the immediate and indirect effects of reconciliation work? � Which collective traumas must be addressed? � How can attempts be made to heal traumas? � Under which conditions can a settlement between perpetrators and victims take place? � Are there hidden points of approach which permit a mutual respect between former enemies? � How can people with extreme experiences of violence become peaceable? 282
Page 1 and 2:
The Contribution of Women to Peace
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Rosa Luxemburg Foundation Brussels
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PROJECT REPORT THE CONTRIBUTION OF
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tribunes and now at the Internation
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NGOs, but also through their own au
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Two world views: Peacebuilding and
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posing certain populations, raciall
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In the second work step, key questi
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so that in times of crisis, people
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confidence of the people, who frequ
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morial culture was to be forged, na
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in Bosnia-Herzegovina so far that t
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war, as the precondition for the pr
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of the conflicts have proven to be
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We can draw many lessons from the w
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mali elite, which competed with the
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The third stage, which I call warlo
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Shukria Dini concludes her report w
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To date, the women’s initiatives
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the expulsion of the Tutsi from Rwa
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In 1961, the destruction of the Tut
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against British facilities. The res
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Palestine There are no secrets in t
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At the same time, Lama Hourani reco
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tention for children with special n
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of the Golan Heights, the West Bank
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nations and clashes between the Isr
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� “Collective trauma and the ep
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has been an opportunity to exchange
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In July 2005, at a strategic planni
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Israeli peace movement is a weak, c
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total of thirty resolutions of the
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Yugoslavia is to some extent an exc
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Women’s networks show the effecti
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much of history remains alive in th
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Expansionist Serbian nationalism de
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structured, and the monarch was giv
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The representative of the constitue
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small organization with only some 3
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goslav state presented itself as th
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ered and led to painful realization
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longer returned to the countryside.
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the old national tensions. In the s
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The Programme for the Long-Term Con
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No rational analysis which balanced
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erships made several suggestions du
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first free elections in June 1990.
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overwhelm the others. The Serbian l
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change. In the underground and duri
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The anti-bureaucratic revolution wa
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war in Bosnia-Herzegovina and to br
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sary. Of course there were exceptio
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in 1918, it had satisfied the needs
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and intellectual elites who led the
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their experiences in court, the UN
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Resistance to the war in former Yug
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At a few places in Croatia, several
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of the Serbian government, and foun
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Working conditions for women’s or
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important war criminals, is creatin
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Many came to südost. It was not po
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was told about war and horror were
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The on-going conflict in Somalia is
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an effective strategy for the colon
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men, who profited from their coloni
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such as the liberation of Kuwait fr
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opportunity to emerge from the viol
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Ethiopia felt justified in military
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The manner of holding such discussi
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political insecurities, debt and po
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in the crossfire between government
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and have been the ones covering the
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As in other conflict zones, women i
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cess was held in Djibouti, which le
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Somali women used all kinds of crea
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The road to peace for Somalia curre
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The political administration of Rwa
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epresenting him. The God of Rwandan
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“equal pay for equal training and
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Oct. 26, 1961: Grégoire Kayibanda
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are sufficient, it would be enough
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Western ideology: Ideology must her
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the period of the first two republi
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was even refined to the point of ad
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jority - an “ethnic” majority w
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REPORT ON ISRAEL MOLLY MALEKAR, TEL
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The remarkable military victory of
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The continuous official Israeli pro
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The failure of Camp David and the S
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in a very intimate, yet sad, manner
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orist, Abbas was no partner because
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Washington. Although they met sever
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tus in place of that of protected r
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The search for a strong leader who
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The cooperation with the system and
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Travelling often to the occupied te
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kind of “global trans-border sist
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A successful dialogue could be mean
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World War. The joint interests of t
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- twelve or thirteen-year-old boys
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the Palestinian people, there are m
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the Naqba, the majority of the Pale
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The lack of trust in the internatio
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One of the first collective popular
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Another form of the non-violent res
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estinian President Yasir Arafat’s
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Refugees remain most vulnerable und
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UNRWA also provides technical and v
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Challenges Electricity The siege ha
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services programmes to reduce pover
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proved school health services, comp
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micro-credit programme, which is ma
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Page 227 and 228: Job creation UNRWA alleviates the i
Page 229 and 230: een no previous record. And on July
Page 231 and 232: REPORT ON WOMEN’S PEACE INITIATIV
Page 233 and 234: Council Resolution 1325 that calls
Page 235 and 236: sist on the resumption of negotiati
Page 237 and 238: The third activity of the IWC has f
Page 239 and 240: Looking retroactively to all the ye
Page 241 and 242: standing any more. He wanted me to
Page 243 and 244: I always had intensive contacts to
Page 245 and 246: Cultural events form a framework in
Page 247 and 248: INTERVIEW WITH SHUKRIA DINI, NAIROB
Page 249 and 250: With my education and experience, I
Page 251 and 252: INTERVIEW WITH YOLANDE MUKAGASANA,
Page 253 and 254: witness, and that’s the only thin
Page 255 and 256: Certainly I see myself living on th
Page 257 and 258: Today, we have been thrown back fur
Page 259 and 260: A very hard experience with war was
Page 261 and 262: had to teach me the paragraph about
Page 263 and 264: sein invaded Kuwait, which made it
Page 265 and 266: inging in other men and even childr
Page 267 and 268: I got out of Gaza in 2007. I still
Page 269 and 270: I faced a great challenge to do wel
Page 271 and 272: In the mid-’70s, Yasser Arafat an
Page 273 and 274: ANNEX PROJECT CONCEPT Women’s Con
Page 275: KEY POINTS FOR REPORTING ON CONFLIC
Page 279 and 280: USPID, Unione Scienziati per il Dis
Page 281 and 282: Toda Institute, for Global Peace an
Page 283 and 284: Yolande Mukagasana is a widow and s
Page 285: Rosa-Luxemburg-Foundation Brussels
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The Contribution of Women to Peace and Reconciliation

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