The Contribution of Women to Peace and Reconciliation

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night and go to the beach. Electricity was functioning, constructions projects and building activities of all kinds took place everywhere. There was an active Authority, an active civil society, a legislative system was established, the first elections were held, and I became an activist, particularly for women’s rights. Before moving to Gaza, we had asked my husband’s uncle if I would have to wear a scarf in Gaza, and denied, I wouldn’t. With the new Au - thority, and the arrival of PLO people, who felt safe there, the Hamas lost ground, and women started to take off head-scarves in the cities. However, even in 1996, I was working in a refugee camp, and children threw stones at me because I was not wearing a scarf. I turned to them and tried to explain that there are different styles and people. We worked very hard for civil society; we worked on the laws and started campaigns. And we lived our lives. With the beginning of the Second Intifada in 2000, thousands of people protested in the streets of Gaza. Eventually, the Israelis were more brutal, and the Intifada became more militant. During the first air bombings, I was alone at home with my father and we heard huge explosions. We knew this sound already from the Beirut bombings. We went out of the house to help people who had never experienced bombing; we brought children and adults to our house. The bombings continued and people got used to it. There were no shelters, nothing, and as in Beirut, people went in the streets and onto the balconies to watch the planes and rockets coming down. In 2001, I got the chance to leave Gaza for a while to go to Jordan. On the December 31, 2001, I got the news that I was pregnant. When I still got back to Gaza, we were heard that Ariel Sharon had come to power. I placed the bag my mother prepared for us by the doorway, in case we should have to leave instantly. For me, Ariel Sharon meant the war in Lebanon, the bombing of civilians, and the Sabra and Shatila massacre. There was breaking news on Al Jazeera about the first bombings after Ariel Sharon came to power. All relatives in the outside world called me to calm me down. I gave birth to my son in August 2002 in the Gaza Red Crescent hospital. 271
I got out of Gaza in 2007. I still had my career there and I loved Gaza, but it felt like living in a jail, and I imagined that after the Hamas takeover, it would be even harder. In the mosques, Hamas announced the victory over secularism and the PLO, and I had criticized Hamas openly, so I was personally in danger. Enough is enough, and as we had a residency in the West Bank, I left with my child. My husband had to wait four more months to get his permit. We moved to Ramallah, had to find new friends and to establish new professional lives. I became an member of IWC in 2005. It’s a way to prove to myself that I am involved in the struggle for peace, and I keep my values by working with IWC. Is currently the only group in which I am active. Interview: Birgit Daiber, Ramallah, May 25, 2010. 272
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The Contribution of Women to Peace
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Rosa Luxemburg Foundation Brussels
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PROJECT REPORT THE CONTRIBUTION OF
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tribunes and now at the Internation
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NGOs, but also through their own au
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Two world views: Peacebuilding and
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posing certain populations, raciall
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In the second work step, key questi
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so that in times of crisis, people
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confidence of the people, who frequ
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morial culture was to be forged, na
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in Bosnia-Herzegovina so far that t
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war, as the precondition for the pr
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of the conflicts have proven to be
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We can draw many lessons from the w
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mali elite, which competed with the
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The third stage, which I call warlo
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Shukria Dini concludes her report w
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To date, the women’s initiatives
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the expulsion of the Tutsi from Rwa
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In 1961, the destruction of the Tut
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against British facilities. The res
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Palestine There are no secrets in t
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At the same time, Lama Hourani reco
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tention for children with special n
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of the Golan Heights, the West Bank
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nations and clashes between the Isr
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� “Collective trauma and the ep
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has been an opportunity to exchange
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In July 2005, at a strategic planni
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Israeli peace movement is a weak, c
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total of thirty resolutions of the
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Yugoslavia is to some extent an exc
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Women’s networks show the effecti
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much of history remains alive in th
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Expansionist Serbian nationalism de
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structured, and the monarch was giv
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The representative of the constitue
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small organization with only some 3
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goslav state presented itself as th
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ered and led to painful realization
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longer returned to the countryside.
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the old national tensions. In the s
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The Programme for the Long-Term Con
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No rational analysis which balanced
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erships made several suggestions du
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first free elections in June 1990.
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overwhelm the others. The Serbian l
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change. In the underground and duri
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The anti-bureaucratic revolution wa
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war in Bosnia-Herzegovina and to br
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sary. Of course there were exceptio
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in 1918, it had satisfied the needs
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and intellectual elites who led the
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their experiences in court, the UN
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Resistance to the war in former Yug
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At a few places in Croatia, several
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of the Serbian government, and foun
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Working conditions for women’s or
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important war criminals, is creatin
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Many came to südost. It was not po
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was told about war and horror were
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The on-going conflict in Somalia is
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an effective strategy for the colon
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men, who profited from their coloni
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such as the liberation of Kuwait fr
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opportunity to emerge from the viol
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Ethiopia felt justified in military
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The manner of holding such discussi
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political insecurities, debt and po
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in the crossfire between government
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and have been the ones covering the
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As in other conflict zones, women i
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cess was held in Djibouti, which le
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Somali women used all kinds of crea
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The road to peace for Somalia curre
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The political administration of Rwa
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epresenting him. The God of Rwandan
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“equal pay for equal training and
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Oct. 26, 1961: Grégoire Kayibanda
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are sufficient, it would be enough
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Western ideology: Ideology must her
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the period of the first two republi
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was even refined to the point of ad
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jority - an “ethnic” majority w
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REPORT ON ISRAEL MOLLY MALEKAR, TEL
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The remarkable military victory of
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The continuous official Israeli pro
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The failure of Camp David and the S
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in a very intimate, yet sad, manner
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orist, Abbas was no partner because
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Washington. Although they met sever
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tus in place of that of protected r
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The search for a strong leader who
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The cooperation with the system and
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Travelling often to the occupied te
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kind of “global trans-border sist
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A successful dialogue could be mean
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World War. The joint interests of t
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- twelve or thirteen-year-old boys
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the Palestinian people, there are m
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the Naqba, the majority of the Pale
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The lack of trust in the internatio
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One of the first collective popular
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Another form of the non-violent res
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estinian President Yasir Arafat’s
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Refugees remain most vulnerable und
Page 215 and 216: UNRWA also provides technical and v
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Page 219 and 220: services programmes to reduce pover
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Page 223 and 224: micro-credit programme, which is ma
Page 225 and 226: job creation, food and cash distrib
Page 227 and 228: Job creation UNRWA alleviates the i
Page 229 and 230: een no previous record. And on July
Page 231 and 232: REPORT ON WOMEN’S PEACE INITIATIV
Page 233 and 234: Council Resolution 1325 that calls
Page 235 and 236: sist on the resumption of negotiati
Page 237 and 238: The third activity of the IWC has f
Page 239 and 240: Looking retroactively to all the ye
Page 241 and 242: standing any more. He wanted me to
Page 243 and 244: I always had intensive contacts to
Page 245 and 246: Cultural events form a framework in
Page 247 and 248: INTERVIEW WITH SHUKRIA DINI, NAIROB
Page 249 and 250: With my education and experience, I
Page 251 and 252: INTERVIEW WITH YOLANDE MUKAGASANA,
Page 253 and 254: witness, and that’s the only thin
Page 255 and 256: Certainly I see myself living on th
Page 257 and 258: Today, we have been thrown back fur
Page 259 and 260: A very hard experience with war was
Page 261 and 262: had to teach me the paragraph about
Page 263 and 264: sein invaded Kuwait, which made it
Page 265: inging in other men and even childr
Page 269 and 270: I faced a great challenge to do wel
Page 271 and 272: In the mid-’70s, Yasser Arafat an
Page 273 and 274: ANNEX PROJECT CONCEPT Women’s Con
Page 275 and 276: KEY POINTS FOR REPORTING ON CONFLIC
Page 277 and 278: � What role did the work of women
Page 279 and 280: USPID, Unione Scienziati per il Dis
Page 281 and 282: Toda Institute, for Global Peace an
Page 283 and 284: Yolande Mukagasana is a widow and s
Page 285: Rosa-Luxemburg-Foundation Brussels
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The Contribution of Women to Peace and Reconciliation

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