The Contribution of Women to Peace and Reconciliation

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In those days, military service for women was two years and three years for men; now it is a little bit less. I had the rare opportunity to see how things work inside. I was part of the system; I was happy that they kicked me out, but it was another era. There was no third path, only at a personal level could you keep a distance in your heart and mind. In 1983, the army had a general ceremony to present awards for the war in which you had participated. I went to the ceremony, and we were supposed to wear our best uniforms, but I decided not to participate and escaped. The result was that I was restricted to base for three weeks – but had I been a man, I would have served time in jail. It was my way to keep my distance. I was in a constant dilemma, and even today, I don’t want to be totally separated from my own society. I feel I’m part of the Jewish collective. Hebrew is the language I think best and express myself, and it’s Zionism that created the revival of Hebrew and its culture. I don’t want to get out of Israeli society. After leaving military services, I was more involved in women’s issues. I became the director of the Jerusalem Women’s Rape Centre, which was very interesting work, based on voluntary work; the hotline is avail - able twenty-four hours a day. In this centre, you meet women from all parts of the society; some of them are feminists, some are social activ - ists. The feminist movement in Israel consisted of women of all parts of the society, with and without a political background. In 1993, sixteen years ago, I had my daughter; my husband was also a political activist. In 1995, I joined Bat Shalom. The Madrid Conference seemed to be similar to the moment when Sadat came to Jerusalem, the first time Israel acknowledged other political actors. At the Madrid Conference, the Palestinians were for the first time recognized. The enemy was now visible, and not a ghost. It was a very interesting period. The Oslo Accords also liberated people inside Israel, as they addressed many liberation issues such as the gay movement; but beyond that, Israeli society felt accepted in the region, and no longer alien. 261
Today, we have been thrown back further than ever, and are disillu - sioned. When hope fails to materialize, the backslide is all the stronger. Working with Bat Shalom and working with Palestinians, we understood what was happening. I remember, in the mid-’90s, Bat Shalom was one of the few places were Israeli and Palestinians could meet; I remember hundreds of phone calls from psychologists, artists and doctors, and I remember that my instructor approached me asking, what are you doing? It was genuine, that the will of the Israeli people has something to do with Palestinian people. Interview: Birgit Daiber, Jerusalem, October 26, 2009 262
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The Contribution of Women to Peace
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Rosa Luxemburg Foundation Brussels
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PROJECT REPORT THE CONTRIBUTION OF
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tribunes and now at the Internation
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NGOs, but also through their own au
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Two world views: Peacebuilding and
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posing certain populations, raciall
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In the second work step, key questi
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so that in times of crisis, people
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confidence of the people, who frequ
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morial culture was to be forged, na
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in Bosnia-Herzegovina so far that t
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war, as the precondition for the pr
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of the conflicts have proven to be
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We can draw many lessons from the w
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mali elite, which competed with the
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The third stage, which I call warlo
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Shukria Dini concludes her report w
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To date, the women’s initiatives
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the expulsion of the Tutsi from Rwa
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In 1961, the destruction of the Tut
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against British facilities. The res
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Palestine There are no secrets in t
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At the same time, Lama Hourani reco
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tention for children with special n
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of the Golan Heights, the West Bank
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nations and clashes between the Isr
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� “Collective trauma and the ep
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has been an opportunity to exchange
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In July 2005, at a strategic planni
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Israeli peace movement is a weak, c
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total of thirty resolutions of the
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Yugoslavia is to some extent an exc
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Women’s networks show the effecti
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much of history remains alive in th
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Expansionist Serbian nationalism de
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structured, and the monarch was giv
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The representative of the constitue
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small organization with only some 3
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goslav state presented itself as th
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ered and led to painful realization
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longer returned to the countryside.
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the old national tensions. In the s
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The Programme for the Long-Term Con
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No rational analysis which balanced
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erships made several suggestions du
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first free elections in June 1990.
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overwhelm the others. The Serbian l
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change. In the underground and duri
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The anti-bureaucratic revolution wa
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war in Bosnia-Herzegovina and to br
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sary. Of course there were exceptio
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in 1918, it had satisfied the needs
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and intellectual elites who led the
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their experiences in court, the UN
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Resistance to the war in former Yug
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At a few places in Croatia, several
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of the Serbian government, and foun
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Working conditions for women’s or
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important war criminals, is creatin
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Many came to südost. It was not po
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was told about war and horror were
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The on-going conflict in Somalia is
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an effective strategy for the colon
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men, who profited from their coloni
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such as the liberation of Kuwait fr
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opportunity to emerge from the viol
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Ethiopia felt justified in military
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The manner of holding such discussi
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political insecurities, debt and po
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in the crossfire between government
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and have been the ones covering the
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As in other conflict zones, women i
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cess was held in Djibouti, which le
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Somali women used all kinds of crea
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The road to peace for Somalia curre
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The political administration of Rwa
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epresenting him. The God of Rwandan
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“equal pay for equal training and
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Oct. 26, 1961: Grégoire Kayibanda
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are sufficient, it would be enough
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Western ideology: Ideology must her
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the period of the first two republi
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was even refined to the point of ad
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jority - an “ethnic” majority w
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REPORT ON ISRAEL MOLLY MALEKAR, TEL
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The remarkable military victory of
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The continuous official Israeli pro
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The failure of Camp David and the S
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in a very intimate, yet sad, manner
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orist, Abbas was no partner because
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Washington. Although they met sever
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tus in place of that of protected r
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The search for a strong leader who
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The cooperation with the system and
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Travelling often to the occupied te
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kind of “global trans-border sist
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A successful dialogue could be mean
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World War. The joint interests of t
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- twelve or thirteen-year-old boys
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the Palestinian people, there are m
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the Naqba, the majority of the Pale
Page 205 and 206: The lack of trust in the internatio
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Page 209 and 210: Another form of the non-violent res
Page 211 and 212: estinian President Yasir Arafat’s
Page 213 and 214: Refugees remain most vulnerable und
Page 215 and 216: UNRWA also provides technical and v
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Page 219 and 220: services programmes to reduce pover
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Page 223 and 224: micro-credit programme, which is ma
Page 225 and 226: job creation, food and cash distrib
Page 227 and 228: Job creation UNRWA alleviates the i
Page 229 and 230: een no previous record. And on July
Page 231 and 232: REPORT ON WOMEN’S PEACE INITIATIV
Page 233 and 234: Council Resolution 1325 that calls
Page 235 and 236: sist on the resumption of negotiati
Page 237 and 238: The third activity of the IWC has f
Page 239 and 240: Looking retroactively to all the ye
Page 241 and 242: standing any more. He wanted me to
Page 243 and 244: I always had intensive contacts to
Page 245 and 246: Cultural events form a framework in
Page 247 and 248: INTERVIEW WITH SHUKRIA DINI, NAIROB
Page 249 and 250: With my education and experience, I
Page 251 and 252: INTERVIEW WITH YOLANDE MUKAGASANA,
Page 253 and 254: witness, and that’s the only thin
Page 255: Certainly I see myself living on th
Page 259 and 260: A very hard experience with war was
Page 261 and 262: had to teach me the paragraph about
Page 263 and 264: sein invaded Kuwait, which made it
Page 265 and 266: inging in other men and even childr
Page 267 and 268: I got out of Gaza in 2007. I still
Page 269 and 270: I faced a great challenge to do wel
Page 271 and 272: In the mid-’70s, Yasser Arafat an
Page 273 and 274: ANNEX PROJECT CONCEPT Women’s Con
Page 275 and 276: KEY POINTS FOR REPORTING ON CONFLIC
Page 277 and 278: � What role did the work of women
Page 279 and 280: USPID, Unione Scienziati per il Dis
Page 281 and 282: Toda Institute, for Global Peace an
Page 283 and 284: Yolande Mukagasana is a widow and s
Page 285: Rosa-Luxemburg-Foundation Brussels
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The Contribution of Women to Peace and Reconciliation

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