The Contribution of Women to Peace and Reconciliation

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The Millennium Development Goals UNRWA is committed to the Millennium Development Goals. The fourth goal aims to reduce child and infant mortality by two-thirds of its 1990 rate by 2015. Infant and child mortality among Palestinian refugees is declining steadily, because of close to 100% vaccination coverage, a tight network of surveillance and control of communicable diseases. As the Palestinian refugees’ life expectancy has increased to about seventythree, the demography has changed. About 50% of the refugees are still under eighteen years of age, but there is also a growing elderly pop - ulation. Thus, an increasing number of refugees find themselves in the least active phases of life. Generalized poverty and unemployment aggravate the economic challenge presented to families by these devel - opments. Promoting long and healthy lives in Gaza As a result of years of socio-economic decline, conflict and closure, the health sector across the Gaza Strip has suffered from a lack of adequate physical infrastructure, insufficient training opportunities, overstretched facilities and frequent interruption of services due to power cuts. At the same time, the health of the population is increasingly at risk. Food insecurity and rising levels of poverty have meant that most of the population do not receive their daily caloric requirements, while over 90% of the water in Gaza has been deemed unfit for human consumption. Through twenty health centres across the Gaza Strip, UNRWA offers comprehensive primary health care to cover 1.1 million Palestinian refugees from birth through to active aging. Since 2007, the Agency has promoted excellence in its health care to improve the quality of health care services provided to refugees. In recent years, the Agency has prioritized improving psycho-social support to a population in need and raising aware ness and acceptance of family planning. Quality health services Despite the Agency’s impressive achievements in health care, there has over the past few years been a sharp rise in the number of visits to health clinics. The Agency is addressing this by focusing on such areas as im- 223
proved school health services, computerized data management, improve - ment of prescription practices, enhanced health management through health education, and longer patient consultation through more efficient use of resources. Assisting under-achieving children through in-depth health assessments Across the Gaza strip, psychological trauma, poverty and environmental degradation have had a negative impact on children’s physical and mental health. In order to assist those affected, UNRWA has established Special Education Needs Clinics in six of its health canters. It has identified pupils who have failed every subject in their exams, and provided them with a comprehensive physical and mental health assessment. The diagnoses have enabled UNRWA to immediately improve the daily lives of some pupils by providing hearing aids, reading glasses and treatment of other medical conditions. This initiative is funded by the Gaza Emergency Appeal. Offering psycho-social support to a population in need Many Palestinian refugees in Gaza suffer from anxiety, distress and depression. UNRWA has offered support to a population in need by placing psycho-social counsellors in its schools where they support children whose problems includes lack or absence of motivation in schools, violence, fear and inability to concentrate. The Agency increased the scope of its psycho-social support, placing one counsellor in each health centre to assist the chronically ill, those with depression, and victims of violence. Relief and social services Direct relief and social services assistance remains critical to tens of thousands of refugee families in Gaza. The Agency works to alleviate their burdens and protect the most vulnerable. Food and cash assistance is based on needs determined through a poverty survey. Communitybased organizations specifically target women, children, youth, orphans and people with disabilities with social services offers. UNRWA also oversees the Rehabilitation Centre for the Visually Impaired and its school. 224
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The Contribution of Women to Peace
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Rosa Luxemburg Foundation Brussels
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PROJECT REPORT THE CONTRIBUTION OF
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tribunes and now at the Internation
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NGOs, but also through their own au
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Two world views: Peacebuilding and
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posing certain populations, raciall
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In the second work step, key questi
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so that in times of crisis, people
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confidence of the people, who frequ
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morial culture was to be forged, na
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in Bosnia-Herzegovina so far that t
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war, as the precondition for the pr
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of the conflicts have proven to be
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We can draw many lessons from the w
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mali elite, which competed with the
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The third stage, which I call warlo
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Shukria Dini concludes her report w
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To date, the women’s initiatives
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the expulsion of the Tutsi from Rwa
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In 1961, the destruction of the Tut
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against British facilities. The res
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Palestine There are no secrets in t
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At the same time, Lama Hourani reco
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tention for children with special n
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of the Golan Heights, the West Bank
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nations and clashes between the Isr
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� “Collective trauma and the ep
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has been an opportunity to exchange
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In July 2005, at a strategic planni
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Israeli peace movement is a weak, c
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total of thirty resolutions of the
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Yugoslavia is to some extent an exc
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Women’s networks show the effecti
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much of history remains alive in th
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Expansionist Serbian nationalism de
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structured, and the monarch was giv
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The representative of the constitue
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small organization with only some 3
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goslav state presented itself as th
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ered and led to painful realization
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longer returned to the countryside.
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the old national tensions. In the s
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The Programme for the Long-Term Con
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No rational analysis which balanced
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erships made several suggestions du
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first free elections in June 1990.
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overwhelm the others. The Serbian l
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change. In the underground and duri
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The anti-bureaucratic revolution wa
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war in Bosnia-Herzegovina and to br
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sary. Of course there were exceptio
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in 1918, it had satisfied the needs
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and intellectual elites who led the
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their experiences in court, the UN
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Resistance to the war in former Yug
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At a few places in Croatia, several
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of the Serbian government, and foun
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Working conditions for women’s or
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important war criminals, is creatin
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Many came to südost. It was not po
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was told about war and horror were
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The on-going conflict in Somalia is
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an effective strategy for the colon
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men, who profited from their coloni
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such as the liberation of Kuwait fr
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opportunity to emerge from the viol
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Ethiopia felt justified in military
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The manner of holding such discussi
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political insecurities, debt and po
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in the crossfire between government
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and have been the ones covering the
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As in other conflict zones, women i
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cess was held in Djibouti, which le
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Somali women used all kinds of crea
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The road to peace for Somalia curre
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The political administration of Rwa
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epresenting him. The God of Rwandan
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“equal pay for equal training and
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Oct. 26, 1961: Grégoire Kayibanda
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are sufficient, it would be enough
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Western ideology: Ideology must her
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the period of the first two republi
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was even refined to the point of ad
Page 169 and 170: jority - an “ethnic” majority w
Page 171 and 172: REPORT ON ISRAEL MOLLY MALEKAR, TEL
Page 173 and 174: The remarkable military victory of
Page 175 and 176: The continuous official Israeli pro
Page 177 and 178: The failure of Camp David and the S
Page 179 and 180: in a very intimate, yet sad, manner
Page 181 and 182: orist, Abbas was no partner because
Page 183 and 184: Washington. Although they met sever
Page 185 and 186: tus in place of that of protected r
Page 187 and 188: The search for a strong leader who
Page 189 and 190: The cooperation with the system and
Page 191 and 192: Travelling often to the occupied te
Page 193 and 194: kind of “global trans-border sist
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Page 199 and 200: - twelve or thirteen-year-old boys
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Page 205 and 206: The lack of trust in the internatio
Page 207 and 208: One of the first collective popular
Page 209 and 210: Another form of the non-violent res
Page 211 and 212: estinian President Yasir Arafat’s
Page 213 and 214: Refugees remain most vulnerable und
Page 215 and 216: UNRWA also provides technical and v
Page 217 and 218: Challenges Electricity The siege ha
Page 219: services programmes to reduce pover
Page 223 and 224: micro-credit programme, which is ma
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Page 227 and 228: Job creation UNRWA alleviates the i
Page 229 and 230: een no previous record. And on July
Page 231 and 232: REPORT ON WOMEN’S PEACE INITIATIV
Page 233 and 234: Council Resolution 1325 that calls
Page 235 and 236: sist on the resumption of negotiati
Page 237 and 238: The third activity of the IWC has f
Page 239 and 240: Looking retroactively to all the ye
Page 241 and 242: standing any more. He wanted me to
Page 243 and 244: I always had intensive contacts to
Page 245 and 246: Cultural events form a framework in
Page 247 and 248: INTERVIEW WITH SHUKRIA DINI, NAIROB
Page 249 and 250: With my education and experience, I
Page 251 and 252: INTERVIEW WITH YOLANDE MUKAGASANA,
Page 253 and 254: witness, and that’s the only thin
Page 255 and 256: Certainly I see myself living on th
Page 257 and 258: Today, we have been thrown back fur
Page 259 and 260: A very hard experience with war was
Page 261 and 262: had to teach me the paragraph about
Page 263 and 264: sein invaded Kuwait, which made it
Page 265 and 266: inging in other men and even childr
Page 267 and 268: I got out of Gaza in 2007. I still
Page 269 and 270: I faced a great challenge to do wel
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In the mid-’70s, Yasser Arafat an
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ANNEX PROJECT CONCEPT Women’s Con
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KEY POINTS FOR REPORTING ON CONFLIC
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� What role did the work of women
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USPID, Unione Scienziati per il Dis
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Toda Institute, for Global Peace an
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Yolande Mukagasana is a widow and s
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Rosa-Luxemburg-Foundation Brussels
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The Contribution of Women to Peace and Reconciliation

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