The Contribution of Women to Peace and Reconciliation

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REPORT ON PALESTINE I LAMA HOURANI, RAMALLAH I will talk about the conflict from my personal experience; the way I lived and understood it through the development of my personality and knowledge. I have had the opportunity of special circumstances which have contributed to the development of my consciousness regarding the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, and which have shaped my progressive perspective on the conflict and other aspects of social life. I was born to progressive parents who were liberated from any religious or racist influences that might cause misconceptions regarding the conflict, which is mainly a political one. My parents went to Damascus after the Naqba in 1948, where I was born and raised. Damascus is a city with vibrant political and social activism. Both my parents were active in the public sphere, where at that time the majority was anti-imperialists, anticolonialist and reformists. I grew up in an atmosphere where I devel - oped my awareness of Zionism and Israel, based mainly on secular progressive perspectives. Genesis of the conflict The conflict started when two movements found broad common ground and allied against the people of Palestine and the peoples of the Middle East. On one hand, imperialism, concentrated in Britain at that time, sought to expand its influence in the world, mainly in the Middle East. On the other hand, the international Zionist movement, which originated among different right-wing, left-wing and other Jews. Different factors stimulated the formation of this movement, but all of these fractions agreed on the desire of implementing a special status for the Jews by gathering a majority in Palestine and establishing their own state. The Zionist movement looked for allies, and found one in Britain, which issued the famous Balfour Declaration on November 2, 1917, stating that Britain supported the establishment of “a national home for the Jewish People” in Palestine. Of course, this declaration could only be carried out after the division of the Ottoman Empire due to its defeat in the First 199
World War. The joint interests of the two movements allowed a great coordination of efforts in Palestine: The British mandate in Palestine, which forms the heart of the Arab World, with the Zionist colonial activities. These two activities lead to the Naqba in 1948, which destroyed the national Palestinian entity and deprived the Palestinian people of their right to self-determination. The Naqba lead to the displacement of the majority of the Palestinians in different countries. It destroyed the social fabric of a nation and deprived it of its homeland. It also lead to the division of Palestine into three parts: the largest, called Israel, formed 78% of historic Palestine, another part, known as the Gaza Strip, was under Egyptian administration, and the third part, known as the West Bank, was under Jordanian Administration. Although there were other reasons why the Naqba succeeded, the most important was the complete superiority of power of the imperialist and Zionist alliance and the enormity of their ambitions. Other factors were the retardation of the Palestinian social, political and economic structure, including gender inequality, patriarchal society, and the prevailing feudal agricultural relations; however, the Zionists and imperialism targeted Palestine for their own reasons, regardless of these socio-economical structures. The British mandate supported Zionist colonialism, while its policies withheld development opportunities from the Palestinian people. The trigger of the conflict/war Zionist colonialism leaned on the British occupation before 1948, as it depended later on the American superpower, and then on its own power. The Zionists – and, after its establishment, Israel – used all avail - able means to gain control of Palestinian land: power, money, destruction, and various forms of violence. The main goal was to clear the land of its people, and to subject those who refused to leave to the worst forms of oppression in their own land. They undertook huge efforts to eliminate the existence of the Palestinians as a people on their own land, which some people, including myself, consider political extermination. The British army and later the USA used all available devel - oped weapons to allow the Zionists and then Israel to control the land of Palestine and build its colonial settlements in it. This also would not have succeeded without the excessive use of power. On the other hand, 200
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The Contribution of Women to Peace
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Rosa Luxemburg Foundation Brussels
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PROJECT REPORT THE CONTRIBUTION OF
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tribunes and now at the Internation
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NGOs, but also through their own au
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Two world views: Peacebuilding and
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posing certain populations, raciall
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In the second work step, key questi
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so that in times of crisis, people
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confidence of the people, who frequ
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morial culture was to be forged, na
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in Bosnia-Herzegovina so far that t
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war, as the precondition for the pr
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of the conflicts have proven to be
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We can draw many lessons from the w
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mali elite, which competed with the
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The third stage, which I call warlo
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Shukria Dini concludes her report w
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To date, the women’s initiatives
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the expulsion of the Tutsi from Rwa
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In 1961, the destruction of the Tut
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against British facilities. The res
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Palestine There are no secrets in t
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At the same time, Lama Hourani reco
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tention for children with special n
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of the Golan Heights, the West Bank
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nations and clashes between the Isr
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� “Collective trauma and the ep
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has been an opportunity to exchange
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In July 2005, at a strategic planni
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Israeli peace movement is a weak, c
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total of thirty resolutions of the
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Yugoslavia is to some extent an exc
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Women’s networks show the effecti
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much of history remains alive in th
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Expansionist Serbian nationalism de
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structured, and the monarch was giv
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The representative of the constitue
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small organization with only some 3
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goslav state presented itself as th
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ered and led to painful realization
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longer returned to the countryside.
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the old national tensions. In the s
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The Programme for the Long-Term Con
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No rational analysis which balanced
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erships made several suggestions du
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first free elections in June 1990.
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overwhelm the others. The Serbian l
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change. In the underground and duri
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The anti-bureaucratic revolution wa
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war in Bosnia-Herzegovina and to br
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sary. Of course there were exceptio
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in 1918, it had satisfied the needs
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and intellectual elites who led the
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their experiences in court, the UN
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Resistance to the war in former Yug
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At a few places in Croatia, several
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of the Serbian government, and foun
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Working conditions for women’s or
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important war criminals, is creatin
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Many came to südost. It was not po
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was told about war and horror were
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The on-going conflict in Somalia is
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an effective strategy for the colon
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men, who profited from their coloni
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such as the liberation of Kuwait fr
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opportunity to emerge from the viol
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Ethiopia felt justified in military
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The manner of holding such discussi
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political insecurities, debt and po
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in the crossfire between government
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and have been the ones covering the
Page 145 and 146: As in other conflict zones, women i
Page 147 and 148: cess was held in Djibouti, which le
Page 149 and 150: Somali women used all kinds of crea
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Page 153 and 154: The political administration of Rwa
Page 155 and 156: epresenting him. The God of Rwandan
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Page 159 and 160: Oct. 26, 1961: Grégoire Kayibanda
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Page 163 and 164: Western ideology: Ideology must her
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Page 169 and 170: jority - an “ethnic” majority w
Page 171 and 172: REPORT ON ISRAEL MOLLY MALEKAR, TEL
Page 173 and 174: The remarkable military victory of
Page 175 and 176: The continuous official Israeli pro
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Page 179 and 180: in a very intimate, yet sad, manner
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Page 185 and 186: tus in place of that of protected r
Page 187 and 188: The search for a strong leader who
Page 189 and 190: The cooperation with the system and
Page 191 and 192: Travelling often to the occupied te
Page 193 and 194: kind of “global trans-border sist
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Page 199 and 200: - twelve or thirteen-year-old boys
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Page 213 and 214: Refugees remain most vulnerable und
Page 215 and 216: UNRWA also provides technical and v
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Page 219 and 220: services programmes to reduce pover
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Page 223 and 224: micro-credit programme, which is ma
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Page 229 and 230: een no previous record. And on July
Page 231 and 232: REPORT ON WOMEN’S PEACE INITIATIV
Page 233 and 234: Council Resolution 1325 that calls
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Page 237 and 238: The third activity of the IWC has f
Page 239 and 240: Looking retroactively to all the ye
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Page 245 and 246: Cultural events form a framework in
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INTERVIEW WITH SHUKRIA DINI, NAIROB
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With my education and experience, I
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INTERVIEW WITH YOLANDE MUKAGASANA,
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witness, and that’s the only thin
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Certainly I see myself living on th
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Today, we have been thrown back fur
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A very hard experience with war was
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had to teach me the paragraph about
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sein invaded Kuwait, which made it
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inging in other men and even childr
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I got out of Gaza in 2007. I still
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I faced a great challenge to do wel
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In the mid-’70s, Yasser Arafat an
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ANNEX PROJECT CONCEPT Women’s Con
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KEY POINTS FOR REPORTING ON CONFLIC
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� What role did the work of women
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USPID, Unione Scienziati per il Dis
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Toda Institute, for Global Peace an
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Yolande Mukagasana is a widow and s
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Rosa-Luxemburg-Foundation Brussels
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The Contribution of Women to Peace and Reconciliation

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