The Contribution of Women to Peace and Reconciliation

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with access to political parties and institutions, while Israeli women had less backing from their own political structures. In fact, following the assassination of Rabin (1995), and the coming to power of the Likud Party in Israel, a few Palestinian women, notably lead - ers of women’s organizations, have raised the idea that it would be more effective to build connections with women of the Likud Party. They assumed it would be more productive, and more of dialogue between equals, simply because of the easier mutual access to power. What good will this peace dialogue bring for me? The basic clash which accompanied the entire post-Oslo process was over the fundamental legitimacy of Israeli-Palestinian dialogue. The question: Was dialogue still legitimate only as part of the anti-occupation struggle for Palestinian liberation in line with the “traditional” PLO think - ing, which saw dialogue as a tool for convincing the Israeli public and decision-makers of the legitimacy of Palestinian rights? Or, should the definition of “legitimate dialogue” be widened to include other issues such as state-building, democracy, non-violence or even reconciliation? Those supporting the first position criticized the dialogue as “apolitical”, “identity” and “reconciliation” oriented, as a “normalization” that legitimized Israel and provided a fig-leaf for the continuation of the occupation. Those advocating the second position claimed that the dialogue should be neither contingent on political agreement between the sides nor held hostage to the peace process; i.e., that dialogue couldn’t be postponed until such time as the occupation ended. It is also clear that while the Palestinians involved in the dialogue were motivated largely by the more political and collectivist agenda, Israelis were motivated large ly by a more individualistic, “post-conflict” and “apolitical” agenda. The controversial interdependence between the civil society engaged in peace work and the political level has been viciously used and mis - used by the politicians. 196
A successful dialogue could be meaningful and effective, mainly as they were carried out in times of a non-violent atmosphere, which were rare moments. The “spoilers” of peace, in this context, triumphed. Both sides were subjected to the willingness of the Israeli security establishment, in providing permits for the Palestinian participants, while the Palestinian decision makers used their power to “bless” certain groups to meet with Israelis, or to condemn other groups, who were in opposition to President Arafat. Yet, long years of dialogue between the two sides have produced many personal relationship and trust. Joint meetings were resourceful. It was an opportunity to exchange sentiments, deliver messages, provide analysis, and learn about each other’s society directly and authentically. But these rare occasions and trust building did not hold much when things on the ground got violent. We could still meet informally, talk over the phone, exchange e-mails – but the friendly personal trust did not soften the content of the conversation. 197
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The Contribution of Women to Peace
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Rosa Luxemburg Foundation Brussels
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PROJECT REPORT THE CONTRIBUTION OF
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tribunes and now at the Internation
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NGOs, but also through their own au
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Two world views: Peacebuilding and
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posing certain populations, raciall
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In the second work step, key questi
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so that in times of crisis, people
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confidence of the people, who frequ
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morial culture was to be forged, na
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in Bosnia-Herzegovina so far that t
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war, as the precondition for the pr
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of the conflicts have proven to be
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We can draw many lessons from the w
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mali elite, which competed with the
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The third stage, which I call warlo
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Shukria Dini concludes her report w
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To date, the women’s initiatives
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the expulsion of the Tutsi from Rwa
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In 1961, the destruction of the Tut
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against British facilities. The res
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Palestine There are no secrets in t
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At the same time, Lama Hourani reco
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tention for children with special n
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of the Golan Heights, the West Bank
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nations and clashes between the Isr
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� “Collective trauma and the ep
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has been an opportunity to exchange
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In July 2005, at a strategic planni
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Israeli peace movement is a weak, c
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total of thirty resolutions of the
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Yugoslavia is to some extent an exc
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Women’s networks show the effecti
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much of history remains alive in th
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Expansionist Serbian nationalism de
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structured, and the monarch was giv
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The representative of the constitue
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small organization with only some 3
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goslav state presented itself as th
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ered and led to painful realization
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longer returned to the countryside.
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the old national tensions. In the s
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The Programme for the Long-Term Con
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No rational analysis which balanced
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erships made several suggestions du
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first free elections in June 1990.
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overwhelm the others. The Serbian l
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change. In the underground and duri
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The anti-bureaucratic revolution wa
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war in Bosnia-Herzegovina and to br
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sary. Of course there were exceptio
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in 1918, it had satisfied the needs
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and intellectual elites who led the
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their experiences in court, the UN
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Resistance to the war in former Yug
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At a few places in Croatia, several
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of the Serbian government, and foun
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Working conditions for women’s or
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important war criminals, is creatin
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Many came to südost. It was not po
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was told about war and horror were
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The on-going conflict in Somalia is
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an effective strategy for the colon
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men, who profited from their coloni
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such as the liberation of Kuwait fr
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opportunity to emerge from the viol
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Ethiopia felt justified in military
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The manner of holding such discussi
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political insecurities, debt and po
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in the crossfire between government
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Page 145 and 146: As in other conflict zones, women i
Page 147 and 148: cess was held in Djibouti, which le
Page 149 and 150: Somali women used all kinds of crea
Page 151 and 152: The road to peace for Somalia curre
Page 153 and 154: The political administration of Rwa
Page 155 and 156: epresenting him. The God of Rwandan
Page 157 and 158: “equal pay for equal training and
Page 159 and 160: Oct. 26, 1961: Grégoire Kayibanda
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Page 163 and 164: Western ideology: Ideology must her
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Page 169 and 170: jority - an “ethnic” majority w
Page 171 and 172: REPORT ON ISRAEL MOLLY MALEKAR, TEL
Page 173 and 174: The remarkable military victory of
Page 175 and 176: The continuous official Israeli pro
Page 177 and 178: The failure of Camp David and the S
Page 179 and 180: in a very intimate, yet sad, manner
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Page 183 and 184: Washington. Although they met sever
Page 185 and 186: tus in place of that of protected r
Page 187 and 188: The search for a strong leader who
Page 189 and 190: The cooperation with the system and
Page 191 and 192: Travelling often to the occupied te
Page 193: kind of “global trans-border sist
Page 197 and 198: World War. The joint interests of t
Page 199 and 200: - twelve or thirteen-year-old boys
Page 201 and 202: the Palestinian people, there are m
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Page 205 and 206: The lack of trust in the internatio
Page 207 and 208: One of the first collective popular
Page 209 and 210: Another form of the non-violent res
Page 211 and 212: estinian President Yasir Arafat’s
Page 213 and 214: Refugees remain most vulnerable und
Page 215 and 216: UNRWA also provides technical and v
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Page 219 and 220: services programmes to reduce pover
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Page 223 and 224: micro-credit programme, which is ma
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Page 227 and 228: Job creation UNRWA alleviates the i
Page 229 and 230: een no previous record. And on July
Page 231 and 232: REPORT ON WOMEN’S PEACE INITIATIV
Page 233 and 234: Council Resolution 1325 that calls
Page 235 and 236: sist on the resumption of negotiati
Page 237 and 238: The third activity of the IWC has f
Page 239 and 240: Looking retroactively to all the ye
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Cultural events form a framework in
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INTERVIEW WITH SHUKRIA DINI, NAIROB
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With my education and experience, I
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INTERVIEW WITH YOLANDE MUKAGASANA,
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witness, and that’s the only thin
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Certainly I see myself living on th
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Today, we have been thrown back fur
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A very hard experience with war was
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had to teach me the paragraph about
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sein invaded Kuwait, which made it
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inging in other men and even childr
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I got out of Gaza in 2007. I still
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I faced a great challenge to do wel
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In the mid-’70s, Yasser Arafat an
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ANNEX PROJECT CONCEPT Women’s Con
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KEY POINTS FOR REPORTING ON CONFLIC
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� What role did the work of women
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USPID, Unione Scienziati per il Dis
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Toda Institute, for Global Peace an
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Yolande Mukagasana is a widow and s
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Rosa-Luxemburg-Foundation Brussels
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The Contribution of Women to Peace and Reconciliation

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