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First Aid to Cultural Heritage in Times of Conflict 2011 

Rome, 26 September – 28 October 

COURSE BIBLIOGRAPHY 

WEEK 1 2 

Setting the Scene and Understanding the Context 2 

WEEK 2 3 

Institutional Response to Conflict: National and International 3 

The Law 3 

European Union Legislation 3 

International Conventions 3 

International Agreements and Declarations 4 

Commentary 4 

Civil-Military Cooperation & Ethics 9 

Negotiation 11 

WEEK 3 12 

Tools, Planning and Salvaging 12 

Websites 14 

Cultural Heritage, Conflict/Disaster 14 

Plundering, Looting, Smuggling 14 

WEEK 4 15 

Management of Teams, Communication Skills and Security 15 

WEEK 5 16 

Early recovery: monitoring and evaluation 16 

Some Examples Regional Focus 17 

Middle-East 17 

Afghanistan 18 

Field Trips 19 

Church of San Giorgio al Velabro 19 

L’Aquila 19 

Useful links 20

First Aid to Cultural Heritage in Times of ConfIict 2011 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

WEEK 1 

Setting the Scene and Understanding the Context 

Bouchenaki, B. 2003. Setting up the International Collaboration Framework . Museum 

International. Volume 55, Issue 3-4, December 2003, 126–138. 

Canadian Conservation Institute. The Agents of Deterioration 

http://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/crc/articles/mcpm/index-eng.aspx 

Canadian Conservation Institute. CCI Notes 

http://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/crc/notes/index-eng.aspx 

Catherine S. Emergency Preparedness and Salvage in the Event of Armed Conflict. 

MUSEUM SOS. 

http://museum-sos.org/docs/strat_emergency_preparedness.pdf 

Hilhorst, D. & Jansen, B., 2005. Fieldwork in Hazardous Areas. Disaster Studies, 

Wageningen University. 

http://www.disasterstudies.wur.nl/NR/rdonlyres/23657A36-F37E-424E-8869- 

3E89380588F7/34608/Fieldmanualcompressed.pdf 

ICCROM. 2005. Cultural Heritage in Postwar Recovery. Papers from the ICCROM Forum 

held on October 4-6, 2005. Edited by Stanley Price. ICCROM: Rome, Italy 

ICCROM XXVI bis 276 

Pdf. Publication available in memory key 

Jonathan R.L., 2000. Conservation and Preservation Activities in Archives and Libraries in 

Developing Countries. Association of Commonwealth Archivists and Records Managers & 

London Metropolitan Archives 

http://www.acarm.org/documents/Guidelines%20on%20Preservation.pdf 

National Park Service, 1999. Museum Handbook, Part I Chapter 4. 

http://www.nps.gov/museum/publications/MHI/CHAPTER4.pdf 

Norman, K., 1997. War and the Conservator. 5. The Invasion of Kuwait, and the 

Subsequent Recovery of its National Museum: A Conservator’s View. Museum 

Management and Curatorship 16/2, 180-191. 

ICCROM Per. Grande-Bretagne 46 

Roberts, B., 1997. War and the Conservator. 2. War Emergencies: Coordination 

and Preparedness Do Pay Off – An International Perspective. Museum Management and 

Curatorship 16/2, 160-163. 


Skaf, I., 1997. War and the Conservator. 4. Recovery Operations at the National 

Museum of Beirut. Museum Management and Curatorship 16/2, 173-179. 


Stanley Price, N., 1997. War and the Conservator. 1. Preventive Measures and 

Recovery. Museum Management and Curatorship 16/2, 155-159. 


2


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

WEEK 2 

Institutional Response to Conflict: National and International 

The Law 

European Union Legislation 

Council Regulation (EC) No 116/2009 of 18 December 2008 on the export of cultural goods, 

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:039:0001:0007:EN:PDF 

Council Regulation (EC) No 1210/2003 of 7 July 2003 concerning certain specific 

restrictions on economic and financial relations with Iraq. 


Council Directive 93/7/EEC of 15 March 1993 on the return of cultural objects unlawfully 

removed from the territory of a Member State. 


International Conventions 

1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed 

Conflict. 

http://www.icomos.org/hague/ 

1954 First protocol of The Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the 

Event of Armed Conflict. 

http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php- 

URL_ID=15391&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html 

1999 II Protocol to the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the 

Event of Armed Conflict. 

http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/FULL/590?OpenDocument 

1970 UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, 

Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property. IN UNITED NATIONS 

EDUCATIONAL, S. A. C. O. (Ed.). Paris. 

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001140/114046e.pdf#page=130 

1972 UNESCO Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural 

Heritage. 

1995 UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects 

http://www.unidroit.org/english/conventions/1995culturalproperty/1995culturalproperty-e.pdf 

3


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

International Agreements and Declarations 

1935 Roerich Pact: Potection of Artistic and Scientific Institutions and Historic Monuments 

http://www.roerich.org/nr_RPact.html 

1964 International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites 

(Venice Charter) 

http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/venice_e.pdf 

1992 Code of Conduct for International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs 

in Disaster Relief 

http://www.ifrc.org/Docs/idrl/I259EN.pdf 

1994 The Nara Document on Authenticity 

http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/events/documents/event-443-1.pdf 

1995 Dayton Agreement Annex 8. Agreement on Commission to Preserve National Monuments 

http://www.usip.org/files/file/resources/collections/peace_agreements/dayton_annex8.pdf 

2001 Proceedings of the Doha Conference of ‘Ulamâ on Islam and Cultural Heritage 

Doha, Qatar. 

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001408/140834m.pdf 

2003 UNESCO Declaration concerning the Intentional Destruction of Cultural Heritage 

http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php- 


2003 The Hoi An Declarationon Conservation of Historic Districts of Asia 

http://www.international.icomos.org/xian2005/hoi-an-declaration.pdf 

Commentary 

Bos, A., 2005. The Importance of the 1899, 1907 and 1999 Hague Conferences for the Legal 

Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, Museum International 57, 32- 

40. 

Boylan, P. J., 1993. Review of the Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the 

Event of Armed Conflict (the Hague Convention of 1954). UNESCO. 

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0010/001001/100159eo.pdf 

Boylan, P. J., 2002. The 1954 Hague Convention on the protection of cultural property in 

the event of armed conflict and its 1954 and 1999 protocols. IFLA. 

http://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/091-099e.pdf 

Boylan, P. J., 2006. Implementing the 1954 Hague Convention and its Protocols: legal and 

practical implications. Chicago 

http://culturalpolicy.uchicago.edu/protectingculturalheritage/papers/Boylan.paper.pdf 

Bugnion, F., 2004. La genèse de la protection juridique des biens culturels en cas de 

conflit armé, Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge 86, No. 854, 313 - 324. 

Carducci, G., 1997. La restitution internationale des biens culturels et des objets d’art – 

Droit commun, directive CEE, Conventions de l’UNESCO et d’UNIDROIT, Paris. 

4


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Carducci, G., 2000a. L’obligation de restitution des biens culturels et des objets d’art en 

cas de conflit armé : droit coutumier et droit conventionnel avant et après la Convention 

de La Haye de 1954. L’importance du facteur temporel dans les rapports entre les traités et 

la coutume», Revue générale de droit international public 2, 289 – 357. 

Carducci, G., 2000b. Beni culturali in diritto internazionale pubblico e privato, Enciclopedia 

giuridica italiana G. Treccani, Rome. 

Carducci, G., 2005. Ethics and Heritage: Ethics, Law and Heritage. ICOM News, 58, 5. 

http://www.museum.or.jp/icom/pdf/E_news2005/p5_2005-3.pdf 

Carducci, G., 2008. The implementation of International Treaties at the national level», in: L. 

Rothfield (ed.), Antiquities under siege: Cultural Heritage Protection after the Iraq War, 

Lanham – New-York – Toronto – Plymouth, 89 – 100. 

ICCROM XXVI bis 297 (1). 

Cuno, J., 2006. Beyond Bamiyan: Will the World be Ready Next Time? In: B.T. Hoffman (ed.), 

Art and Cultural Heritage. Law, Policy and Practice, Cambridge, 41-46. 

ICCROM XXIX B 225 

Curtis, J., 2011. Archaeology and Cultural Heritage in War Zones, in: History for the Taking? 

Perspectives on Material Heritage, British Academy Report, p. 55-75. 

http://www.britac.ac.uk/templates/asset-relay.cfm?frmAssetFileID=10422 

Francioni, F., 1988. Controlling illicit trade in art objects: the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention. 

In Francioni, F., Del Vecchio, A. & De Caterini, P. (Eds.) Protezione internazionale del 

patrimonio culturale: interessi nazionali e difesa del patrimonio comune della cultura. 

Roma, Giuffré. 

Francioni, F., 2004. Beyond State Soveregnty: The Protection of Cultural Heritage as a 

Shared Interest of Humanity. Michigan Journal of International Law, 25, 1209-1228. 

http://students.law.umich.edu/mjil/uploads/articles/v25n4-francioni.pdf 

Forrest, C., 2010. International Law and the Protection of Cultural Heritage. London – New 

York. (especially chapter 3: Cultural heritage and armed conflicts) 


The world's cultural heritage is under threat from war, illicit trafficking, social and economic 

upheaval, unregulated excavation and neglect. Over a period of almost fifty years, the United 

Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation has adopted five international 

conventions that attempt to protect this cultural heritage. This book comprehensively and critically 

considers these five UNESCO cultural heritage conventions. The book looks at the conventions in 

the context of recent events that have exposed the dangers faced by cultural heritage, including 

the destruction of cultural heritage sites in Iraq and the looting of the Baghdad museum, the 

destruction the Buddhas of Bamiyan in Afghanistan, the salvage of artefacts from the RMS 

Titanic and the illicit excavation and trade in Chinese, Peruvian and Italian archaeological objects. 

Gerstenblith, P., 2008. The 1954 Hague Convention on the Protection of Cultural Property 

in the Event of Armed Conflict (its background and prospects for ratification in the United 

States), in: L. Rothfield (ed.), Antiquities under Siege: cultural heritage protection after the Iraq 

War, New York – Toronto – Plymouth, 79-88. 


Gerstenblith, P., 2010. The Obligations Contained in International Treaties of Armed 

Forces to Protect Cultural Heritage in Times of Armed Conflict, IN L. Rush (ed.), 

Archaeology, Cultural Property, and the Military, Woodbridge. 


5


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Harding, A., 2011. The problem of illicit antiquities. An ethical dilemma for scholars, IN: 

History for the Taking? Perspectives on Material Heritage, British Academy Report, 77-109. 

http://www.britac.ac.uk/templates/asset-relay.cfm?frmAssetFileID=10422 

Hensel, H.M., 2005. The Protection of Cultural Objects during Armed Conflict, IN: Howard M. 

Hensel (ed.): The Law of Armed Conflict: Constraints on the Contemporary Use of Military Force. 

Ashgate, Aldershot/Burlington, 39–104. 

Hershkovitch, C., Rykner, D., 2011. La restitution des oeuvres d’art. Solutions et impasses, 

Paris. 

Hinek, S., 2006. The Judgment of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former 

Yugoslavia in Prosecutor v. Pavle Strugar. Leiden Journal of International Law, 19, 477. 

Hladik, J., 2003. The Second Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention and Progress in 

International Humanitarian Law, Museum International 55, 44-50. 

Hladik, J., 2003. Risk-Preparedness Under the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of 

Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its Second Protocol. International 

Symposium: Cultural Heritage Disaster Preparedness and Response. Hyderabad, India, ICOM. 

Hladik, J., 2008. The Main Activities of the UNESCO Secretariat Related to the 

Implementation of the Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954, IN Meerts, P. (ed.), 

Culture and International Law, The Hague, 155-166. 

Kono, T. (ed.), 2011. The Impact of Uniform Laws on the Protection of Cultural Heritage 

and the Preservation of Cultural Heritage in the 21 st Century, Leiden – Boston. 

Providing an overview of the seven Conventions with the two Protocols adopted by UNESCO and 

UNIDROIT, this book offers comparative analysis of legal schemes for the protection or 

safeguarding of cultural heritage in 15 countries. This is the publication of the reports presented 

at the First Intersessional Thematic Congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law 

in November 2008. 


Manacorda, S. and Chappell, D., 2011. Crime in the Art and Antiquities World: Illegal 

Trafficking in Cultural Property, 

The theft, trafficking, and falsification of cultural property and cultural heritage objects are crimes 

of a particularly complex nature, which often have international ramifications and significant 

economic consequences. Organized criminal groups of various types and origins are involved in 

these illegal acts. The book Crime in the Art and Antiquities World has contributions both from 

researchers specializing in the illegal trafficking of art, and representatives of international 

institutions involved with prevention and detection of cultural property-related crimes, such as 

Interpol and UNESCO. This innovative volume also includes an Appendix of the existing legal 

texts, i.e. international treaties, conventions, and resolutions, which have not previously been 

available in a single volume. 

Maniscalco, F. (ed.), 2002, Protection of Cultural Heritage in war areas, Mediterraneum, vol II, 

Naples. 

ICCROM VIII A 432/2 (1). 

Maniscalco, F., 2007. World Heritage and War, Mediterraneum, vol. VI, Naples. 

ICCROM XXVI bis 301 (1) 

Matyk, S., 2000. The restitution of cultural objects and the question of giving direct effect 

to the Protocol to the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the 

Event of Armed Conflict 1954, International Journal of Cultural Property 9, 341-346. 

6


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Nafziger, J. and Scovarizzi, T. (eds.), 2008. Le patrimoine culturel de l’humanité / The 

Cultural Heritage of Mankind, Leiden – Boston. 

It is evident that the need to protect cultural objects exceeds the interest of a single owner or a 

bona fide purchaser, the State of an object's origin or the State where an object is located. 

Despite the complexity of weighing the contending interests and selecting appropriate rules from 

a welter of norms and customs, why can't we envisage a truly comprehensive set of international 

principles, practices and procedures, to protect the cultural heritage of mankind? Toward this end, 

the Centre for Studies and Research of The Hague Academy of International Law's programme 

provided a unique opportunity for organized exploration and analysis.This volume presents the 

resulting studies prepared by the Directors of Research, together with the more specific reports 

by the researchers working within the Centre. Together they offer an inciteful analysis of the 

importance of fashioning durable rules and institutions for protecting the cultural heritage of 

mankind from the risks of armed conflict or illegal trafficking. 

O’Keefe, P., and Prott. L., 2011. Cultural Heritage Conventions and Other Instruments. A 

Compendium with Commentaries, Institute of Art and Law. 


This book, with commentaries from two of the leading experts in the law of cultural heritage, 

provides all the significant texts of international law on the protection of heritage and includes a 

short commentary on the evolution of each one and on their relationship to one another. The 

instruments discussed include the most significant UNESCO Conventions, including that of 1970 

on Illicit Trade, 2001 on Underwater Cultural Heritage, 2003 on Intangible Cultural Heritage, the 

Unidroit 1995 Convention, the Hague Convention 1954 and its two Protocols, the Convention for 

the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe 1985, European Convention on the 

Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (Revised) 1992, the European Landscape Convention 

2000, the Council of Europe Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society 

2005, together with a wide range of recommendations and declarations from UNESCO, the 

Council of Europe and the United Nations. Colour illustrations throughout the book demonstrate 

the immense diversity of heritage that is legally protected today. This book is a fundamental 

working tool for all cultural professionals and academics, including anthropologists, 

archaeologists, architects, cultural administrators, legal advisers, museum staff and site curators. 

Petzet, M. and Perot, J., 2003. The Role of Non-governmental Organizations in 

International Emergency Action. Museum International. Volume 55, Issue 3-4, December 2003, 

119–125. 

Prott, L., 1988. Commentary: 1954 Hague Convention for the protection of Cultural 

Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, in: N. Ronzitti, The law of naval warfare, Dordrecht, 

583f. 

Prott, L., 1993. The Protocol of the Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in 

the Event of Armed Conflict (The Hague Convention) 1954, in: Humanitäres Völkerrecht – 

Informationsschriften, Bonn, vol 4, 191-194. 

Prott, L., 2009. Ten years in force – the UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or Illegally 

Exported Cultural Objects, Art Antiquity and Law 14, 195-218. 

ICCROM Per. International 50 

Prott, L., 2009. Witnesses to History. Documents and Writings on the Return of Cultural 

Objects, UNESCO Publishing Paris. 


Prott, L., 2011. Strengths and Weaknesses of the 1970 Convention: An Evaluation 40 years 

after its adoption 

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001918/191880E.pdf 

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BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Schindler, D., Toman, J. (eds.), 1988. The laws of armed conflicts: a collection of 

conventions, resolutions, and other documents. 3 rd ed., Alphen aan den Rijn. 

Stamatoudi, I., 2011. Cultural Property Law and Restitution, Cheltenham. 

This book brings together the international and European Union legal framework on cultural 

property law and the restitution of cultural property. Theories of cultural nationalism and cultural 

internationalism and their founding principles are explored. Irini Stamatoudi also draws on soft 

law sources, ethics, morality, public feeling and the role of international organisations to create a 

complete picture of the principles and trends emerging today. 

Toman, J., 1996. The Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict: 

Commentary on the Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of 

Armed Conflict and its Protocol, Signed on May 14 1954 in The Hague and Other 

Instruments of International Law Concerning Such Protection, Aldershot. 

Toman, J., 2008. The Control System under the 1954 Hague Convention and its 1999 

Second Protocol, in: P. Meerts (ed.), Culture and International Law, The Hague, 121-153. 

UNESCO, 2005. Protect Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, Paris. 

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001386/138645e.pdf 

UNESCO, 2011. The Fight against the illicit trafficking of cultural objects: The 1970 

Convention: Past and Present. Information Kit, Paris. 

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001916/191606E.pdf 

van Woudenberg, N., L. Lijnzaad (eds.), 2010. Protecting Cultural Property in Armed 

Conflict - An Insight into the 1999 Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for 

the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, Leiden – Boston. 

Vinson, I. (ed.), 2009. Return of Cultural Objects: The Athens Conference, Museum 

International 241-2. 

ICCROM Per. UNESCO 1 

This issue of Museum International publishes the proceedings of an important conference 

intended to take forward the debate on the issue of the return and restitution of cultural property. 

Held in Athens on 17 and 18 March 2008, at the initiative of the Government of Greece, the 

conference brought together key actors to advance practice on this issue. 

http://www.interpol.int/ 

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/theftresponse.pdf 

http://www.icom-icms.org/doc/English.pdf 

8


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Civil-Military Cooperation & Ethics 

Bajjaly, J. F., 2011. Politicians: assassins of Lebanese Heritage? Archaeology in Lebanon 

in times of armed conflict. IN Stone, P. G. (Ed.) Cultural heritage, ethics and the military. 

Woodbridge, Boydell & Brewer. 

ICCROM Library conflict corner 

Cuneo, A., 2010. To embed or not to embed?: Archaeologists, Cultural Heritage Managers 

and the United States Military. Forum Archaeologiae 55. 

Curtis, J., 2011. Relations between archaeologists and the military in the case of Iraq - 

Reply to Price, Rowlands, Rush, and Teijeler. IN Stone, P. G. (Ed.) Cultural heritage, ethics 

and the military. Woodbridge, Boydell & Brewer. 


Emberling, G., 2008. Archaeologists and the military in Iraq, 2003-2008: Compromise or 

contribution? Archaeologies, 4, 445-459. 

This paper offers a general overview of the long history of entanglement between archaeology 

and anthropology on the one hand and political interests and the intelligence and military 

establishment on the other. This account serves as an introduction to the description of the 

writer’s personal experience as a consultant for the military. 

Emberling tells us how he got involved in teaching the soldiers about the history and culture of 

Iraq within the frame of the LDESP (Leader Development and Education for Sustained Peace) 

project. He critically analyses his involvement in the program and asks himself a variety questions, 

in particular raising practical and ethical questions. 

Gerstenblith, P., 2009a. Archaeology in the Context of War: Legal Frameworks for 

Protecting Cultural Heritage during Armed Conflict, Archaeologies 5, 18-31. 

ICCROM [Per. International 68] (1). 

International law provides for a framework for protecting cultural heritage during armed conflict 

and for punishing those who transgress these principles. If understood within its limitations of 

dependence on state ratification and enforcement, international law protects cultural heritage by 

providing guidelines to those who wish to conform and by punishing after the fact those who 

deliberately destroy cultural heritage. Recent movement toward ratification of the 1954 Hague 

Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its protocols 

by the major military powers should afford greater protection to cultural heritage in future conflicts. 

Gerstenblith, P., 2009b. Protecting Cultural Heritage in Armed Conflict: Looking Back, 

Looking Forward, Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal 7, 677ff. 

Hamilakis, Y., 2009. The "War on Terror" and the military-archaeology complex: Iraq, 

ethics, and neo-colonialism. Archaeologies, 5, Number 1, 39-65. 

Hamilakis writes an intense paper that analyses the ethical and political dimensions of the 

archaeological response to the 2003 invasion and occupation of Iraq. Thanks to his deep 

theoretical background and his profound engagement in ethical issues he sharply criticizes the 

collaboration of many heritage professionals, and archaeologists in particular, with the invading 

militaries and occupation authorities since 2003, allowing the Americans to lay the foundations for 

an emerging military-archaeology complex. 

His highly contested thesis has sometimes been interpreted as an instigation to inaction and 

withdrawal in situations of warfare, however he seems to have rounded some corners to promote 

9


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

what he calls ‘a critical engagement that safeguards the autonomy of the scholar; critiques the 

political agendas and power structures of contemporary warfare; deconstructs its discursive basis 

and its ideological overtones; and shows its catastrophic consequences for people and things 

alike, past and present.’ 

Kila, J. D., 2008. Utilizing military cultural experts in times of war and peace: an 

introduction. Cultural property protection within the military, experiences in theatre, 

different perceptions of culture and practical problems. In: Meerts, P. (Ed.) Culture and 

international law. The Hague, Hague Academic Press. 

Kila, J. D., 2010. Cultural property protection in the event of armed conflict: deploying 

military experts or can white man sing the blues? IN Rush, L. (Ed.) Archeology, cultural 

property and the military. Woodbridge, The Boydell Press. 


Nemeth, E., 2010. The Art of Cultural Intelligence: intelligence for countering threats to 

cultural property in conflict. Forum Archaeologiae 55/VI/2010. 

Price, J., Rowlands, M., Rush, L. & Teijgeler, R., 2011. Responses to 'Relations between 

archaeologists and the military in the case of Iraq. IN Stone, P. G. (Ed.) Cultural heritage, 

ethics and the military. Woodbridge, Boydell & Brewer. 


Rothfield, L., 2008. First Thoughts on the World Archaeological Congress Resolution. The 

punching bag. 09-07-2008 ed. 

http://larryrothfield.blogspot.com/2008/07/first-thoughts-on-world-archaeological.html 

Rush, L., 2011. Military archaeology in the US: a complex ethical decision. IN Stone, P. G. 

(Ed.) Cultural heritage, ethics and the military. Woodbridge, Boydell & Brewer. 


Stone, P.G. (ed.), 2011. Cultural Heritage, Ethics and the Military, Woodbridge, Boydell & 

Brewer. 

The world reacted with horror to the images of the looting of the National Museum in Iraq in 2003 

- closely followed by other museums and then, largely unchecked, or archaeological sites across 

the country. This outcome had been predicted by many archaeologists, with some offering to 

work directly with the military to identify museums and sites to be avoided and protected. 

However, this work has since been heavily criticised by others working in the field, who claim that 

such collaboration lended a legitimacy to the invasion. It has therefore served to focus on the 

broader issue of whether archaeologists and other cultural heritage experts should ever work with 

the military, and, if so, under what guidelines and strictures. 

The essays in this book, drawn from a series of international conferences and seminars on the 

debate, provide an historical background to the ethical issues facing cultural heritage experts, and 

place them in a wider context. How do medical and religious experts justify their close working 

relationships with the military? Is all contact with those engaged in conflict wrong? Does working 

with the military really constitute tacit agreement with military and political goals, or can it be seen 

as contributing to the winning of a peace rather than success in war? Are guidelines required to 

help define roles and responsibilities? And can conflict situations be seen as simply an extension 

of protecting cultural property on military training bases? The book opens and addresses these 

and other questions as matters of crucial debate 

Teijgeler, R., 2006. Preserving cultural heritage in times of conflict. IN Gorman, G.E. & Shep 

S. J.(Eds) Preservation management for libraries, archives and museums. London: Facet 

Publishing 

http://www.culture-and-development.info/issues/conflict.htm 

Teijgeler, R., 2008. Embedded Archaeology: An Exercise in Self-Reflection. IN Stone, P. 

(Ed.) The destruction of cultural heritage in Iraq. Woodbridge, Boydell & Brewer. 

10


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

http://books.google.it/books?hl=it&lr=&id=RDttNod0xH4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA173&dq=embedded+arc 

haeology+an+exercise&ots=qzV0LK65vn&sig=trQsYG6FxYgn8YSUOSJuTq1qPKg# 

Teijgeler, R., 2011. Archaeologist under pressure: neutral or cooperative in wartime. IN 

Stone, P. (Ed.) Cultural Heritage, Ethics and the Military. Woodbridge, Boydell & Brewer. 

U.S. Army 2005. Civil Affairs Arts, Monuments and Archives Guide 

http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/army/gta41-01-002_arts_monuments_and_archives.pdf 

Negotiation 

Fisher. R. & Ury, W., 1999. Getting to Yes: Negotiating an Agreement without giving in. 

London: Random House Business Books. 

Since its original publication in 1981, Getting to Yes has been translated into 18 languages and 

has sold over 1 million copies in its various editions. This completely revised edition is a universal 

guide to the art of negotiating personal and professional disputes. It offers a concise strategy for 

coming to mutually acceptable agreements in every sort of conflict 

Starkey, B., Boyer, M. & Wilkenfeld, J., 1999. Negotiating a Complex World. Rowman & 

Littlefield Publishers. 

Negotiating a Complex World introduces undergraduate students of international relations to the 

high stakes world of international negotiation. The book uses the analogy of a board game as an 

organizing technique and includes many real-world cases and examples to illustrate important 

concepts and relationships. The authors highlight the intensity of crisis 

Cohen, R., 1997. Negotiating Across Cultures. USIP (United States Institute of Peace). 

http://books.google.com/books?id=nhTXH- 

Kk3EsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Negotiating+Across+Cultures&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=f 

alse 

Maiese, M., 2003. Negotiation & Mediation: Beyond Intractability. 

http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/negotiation/?nid=1273 

Volkan, D., 2004. Chosen Trauma, the Political Ideology of Entitlement and Violence. 

http://www.vamikvolkan.com/Chosen-Trauma,-the-Political-Ideology-of-Entitlement-and- 

Violence.php 

11


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

WEEK 3 

Tools, Planning and Salvaging 

Alten, H., 1998. Labeling Ethnographic Objects. ICOM Ethnographic Conservation 

Newsletter, Number 17,18-21.Northern States Conservation Center's. Numbering Museum 

Collections. http://www.collectioncare.org/cci/ccin.html 

Ayala, D., 2003. Minimum Requirements for Metric Use of Non-metric Photographic 

Documentation. University of Bath. 

http://pierre.smars.dyndns.org/papers/eh_report.pdf 

Blake, B., 2003. CIPA RecorDIM Teaching Guide 

http://www.bill-blake.co.uk/files/Download/CIPA%20Recordim%20Teaching%20Guide.pdf 

Boersma, F., 2007. Unravelling Textiles. A Handbook for the Preservation of Textile 

Collections. London: Archetype Publications Ltd. (chapters 7, 11, 12). 

Canadian Conservation Institute. Notes. Applying registration numbers to paintings and 

sculptures. 

http://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/crc/notes/html/1-5-eng.aspx 

Collection Surveys and Condition Reporting. 

http://archive.amol.org.au/recollections/4/pdf/survey.pdf 

De Groeve, T., 2010. Applications of Social Networking and Community Remote Sensing 

for International Disasters 

http://www.eurunion.org/eu/images/stories/ste-de-groeve.pdf 

Dorge, V. and Jones. S. L. 1999. Building an Emergency Plan: A Guide for Museums and 

Other Cultural Institutions. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Trust. 

www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/emergency_plan.pdf 

Eppich, R., 2007. Recording, documentation, and information management for the 

conservation of heritage places: illustrated examples. Los Angeles : Getty Conservation 

Institute 

Feilden, B. M., 1991. Entre Dos Terremotos ICCROM, Roma. 

ICCROM VIII D 653A 

A handbook providing information on conserving historic buildings, monuments and 

archaeological sites in earthquake-prone areas. Focuses on three areas of concern: what to do 

before the earthquake, what to do immediately after, and what long-term actions remain to be 

taken. 13 appendices include: fire protection of historic buildings, computerized listing of data on 

historic buildings, photogrammetry and earthquakes, planning to protect an institution and its 

collections, modified Mercalli intensity scale, from restoration to maintenance of historic buildings, 

damage recording sheets, structural interventions in historic buildings, the resolution on cultural 

property in seismic zones. 

Frost, G. & Silverman, R. 2005. Disaster Recovery in the Artifact Fields — Mississippi After 

Hurricane Katrina. International Preservation News 37:35-47. 

http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/ir-main&CISOPTR=28015 

Heritage Preservation: Interim safety and health precautions for people entering 

previously flooded areas. Fema document. 

http://www.heritagepreservation.org/PROGRAMS/shrecommendations.doc 

12


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

ICOMOS 1996. Principles for the Recording of Monuments, Groups of Buildings and Sites 

Text ratified by the 11th ICOMOS General Assembly, held in Sofia, Bulgaria, from 5 to 9 October 

1996 

http://www.international.icomos.org/recording.htm 

Jigyasu, R. 2006. Integrated Framework for Cultural Heritage Risk Management. Disaster 

and Development, Volume 1, Number 1, Journal of the National Institute of Disaster management, 

New Delhi 

Kulur, S., 2008. 3D Documentation from Different Data Sources The International Archives 

of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. 

Part B5. Beijing. 

http://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXVII/congress/5_pdf/62.pdf 

Letellier, R., Recording, Documentation, and Information Management for the 

Conservation of Heritage Places: guiding principles. Los Angeles : Getty Conservation 

Institute 

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/pdf_publications/guiding_principles.pdf 

Labelling and marking museum objects: SPECTRUM 4.0 

http://www.collectionslink.org.uk/programmes/spectrum/682-labelling-and-marking-museumobjects-spectrum-40 

Merritt, C., 2011. Research Resources. Conservation Treatments. vol. 2011. University of 

Montana, Missoula, MT. 

http://www.sha.org/research_resources/conservation_faqs/FAQlist.cfm 

Roberts, A., 2004. Inventories and Documentation. Collection Preservation, in Running a 

Museum: A Practical Handbook. Ed. P. Boylan. Paris: International Council of Museums & 

UNESCO, 31-50. 


Spennemann, D. H. R., 1999. Cultural heritage conservation during emergency 

management: luxury or necessity? International Journal of Public Administration 22(5):745-804. 

Annually, natural disasters cause loss of life, damage to property, and damage to the 

environment. Concomitant is damage to the cultural heritage property, both items and places. Yet 

in the wake of a disaster, containment and response efforts put additional cultural resources at 

risk--usually due to ignorance rather than malice on the part of the disaster manager or the 

property owners. This paper reviews the effects of natural disasters on heritage sites and argues 

for increased awareness and training for disaster managers. 

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01900699908525403 

Tandon, A., 2010. First Aid for Haiti's Cultural Heritage. Museum International 62(4):65-72. 

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0033.2011.01747.x/pdf 

First aid for Haiti's cultural heritage was a three-week pilot training scheme carried out by 

ICCROM in partnership with the Ministry of Culture of Haiti and the Smithsonian Institution. The 

aim was to promote the recovery of Haiti's cultural heritage and to create a strong team of Haitian 

professionals who, within given means, could work quickly and efficiently to create safer storage 

environments and improve the general condition of their respective heritage collections. Twentysix 

people from fourteen different cultural institutions in Haiti took part in the programme. 

Williams, E., 2004. Disaster Planning for Archaeological Collections. Journal of Middle 

Atlantic Archaeology 20:119-125. 

ICCROM XXVI Bis 202 

13


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

During a storm, within a few hours, a whole level of the storage space for archaeological artefacts 

of the City of Marseille was flooded under two meters of water. The ceramic and stone collections 

were moved and soiled by the massive arrival of water. Both the computerized management of 

these collections and the use of specific housing materials enabled to restrict damage and rapidly 

assess its extent: types of soiled materials, names of working sites, numbers of contexts, location 

in storage units, etc. This helped set up a work planning for the archaeological collections that 

had to be entirely cleaned and rehoused. 

http://www.sha.org/research_resources/conservation_faqs/documents/MAACdisasters_paper.pdf 

McIlwaine, J., 2006. IFLA Disaster Preparedness and Planning. A Brief Manual. International 

Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) Core Activity on Preservation and 

Conservation (PAC), Paris. 

http://archive.ifla.org/VI/4/news/ipi6-en.pdf 

Young, P., 2009. Objects of Value: Addressing emergency and disaster mitigation, 

preparedness, response and recovery issues in collections. University of Delaware, Disaster 

Research Center. 

This paper explores the social value in addressing emergency and disaster mitigation, 

preparedness, response and recovery as they relate to collections. The concept of cultural 

heritage collections is explored in this context along with informational and resource collections 

typically found in library settings. A discussion of the past and present climate of attention to 

emergency and disaster related issues in collections is presented along with two case studies of 

organizations within Delaware that endeavor to address these issues. 

http://dspace.udel.edu:8080/dspace/bitstream/handle/19716/4847/PP%20364.pdf?sequence=1 

ICOM 2004. Cultural Heritage Disaster Preparedness and Response. International 

Symposium Proceedings. Salar Jung Museum Hyderabad, India 23-27 November 2003 

http://archives.icom.museum/disaster_preparedness_book/index.html 

Websites 

Cultural Heritage, Conflict/Disaster 

- http://www.ancbs.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=1 

- http://icom.museum/what-we-do/programmes/museums-emergency-programme.html 

The Art Army. Harvard’s Monuments Men at War. 

- http://harvardmag.com/pdf/2010/01-pdfs/0110-36.pdf 

- http://harvardmagazine.com/2010/01/monuments-men-rescuing-art-stolen-by-nazis 

- http://harvardmag.com/pdf/2010/01-pdfs/0110-36.pdf 

Plundering, Looting, Smuggling 

- http://exchanges.state.gov/heritage/culprop.html 

- http://www.savingantiquities.org/crime.php 

- http://www.ifar.org/art_law.php 

- http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php- 


- https://www.artloss.com/content/home 

- http://lootingmatters.blogspot.com/ 

14


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

WEEK 4 

Management of Teams, Communication Skills and Security 

ECHO Generic Security Guide 

http://www.aidworkers.net/?q=node/809 

Ethical issues in conservation 

http://cool.conservation-us.org/bytopic/ethics/ 

ICON 2002. Professional Guidelines. Promoted by the European Confederation of Conservator- 

Restorers' Organisations and adopted by its General Assembly , Brussels 1 March 2002. 

http://www.icon.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=121 

ICOMOS 1964. The Venice Charter. International charter for the conservation of 

monuments and sites. 

http://www.iflaclc.org/guidance/ICOMOS-VeniceCharter-1964.pdf 

ICOMOS 1999. The Burra Charter. The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural 

Significance. With associated Guidelines and Code on the Ethics of Co-existence 

http://australia.icomos.org/wp-content/uploads/BURRA_CHARTER.pdf 

ICRC 1995. The Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent 

Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief. Annex VI to the resolutions of the 26th International 

Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, Geneva. 

http://www.ifrc.org/Docs/idrl/I259EN.pdf 

ICRC 2007. Weapon Contamination Manual. Reducing the impact of explosive remnants of 

war and landmines through field activities Geneva 

In brief: 

http://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/publications/icrc-002-4022.pdf 

Leader, N. Codes of conduct: Who needs them? 

http://www.gdrc.org/ngo/codesofconduct/whoneedscodes.html 

Roberts, D.L., 1999. Staying Alive. Safety and security guidelines for humanitarian 

volunteers in conflict areas. Geneva: ICRC 

http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/CD10828F2D9AB14285257106007B795Dicrc-safety-30jan.pdf.pdf 

UNESCO 2005. Hoi-An Protocols for Best Conservation Practice in Asia. Professional 

Guidelines for Assuring and Preserving the Authenticity of Heritage Sites in the Context of 

the Cultures of Asia. 


von Imhoff H.C., 2009. Aspects and Development of Conservator-Restorer’s Profession 

since WWII. Conservation Magazine, Issue 8, 53-61. 

http://www.e-conservationline.com/content/view/717/236/ 

15


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

WEEK 5 

Early recovery: monitoring and evaluation 

Aga Khan Trust for Culture, 2006. Aga Khan Historic Cities Programme. An Integrated 

Approach to Urban Rehabilitation 

http://www.akdn.org/publications/2007_akhcp_urban_rehab.pdf 

Aga Khan Trust for Culture, 2007.Urban Conservation and Area Development in 

Afghanistan. 

Involvement of the Aga Khan Historic Cities Program (AKHCP) in the urban regeneration process 

in Afghanistan began in Kabul in 2002 and in Herat in 2004, as part of the Aga Khan 

Development Network’s contribution to the wider process of recovery and development in the 

country. While half a decade is a relatively modest period in the timeline of such ancient urban 

settlements, it is perhaps apt that the Program pauses if ever so briefly to take stock of how far 

our initiatives have come from their point of origin, and how the enabling measures agreed with 

the government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and its key municipal agencies have 

contributed to what is an ongoing restorative process. 

http://www.akdn.org/publications/2007_akhcp_afghanistan.pdf 

Aga Khan Trust for Culture, 2010. Cairo: Urban Regeneration in the Darb al-Ahmar District. 

Geneva. 

http://www.akdn.org/publications/2005_aktc_cairo_regeneration.pdf 

Aga Khan Trust for Culture. Baltistan & Hunza - Conservation and Development Projects 

http://www.akdn.org/publications/2005_pakistan_brief.pdf 

Bharadwaj P. et ali., 2008. The Big March: Migratory Flows After Partition of India. 

Economic and Political Weekly, August 30, 2008. 

http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/akhwaja/papers/Big%20March%20EPW%20Publish08.pdf 

Tewari Jassal, S. & Ben–Ari E. (eds) 2008. Lines that divide people’s hearts. Sage. 

Mukherjee, T., 2008. Metaphor, Memory, Myth: recasting partition as in Salil Choudhury, 

Manas Ray, Helene Cixous. Economic and Political Weekly, May 10, 2008. 

It was only in the 1980s that the pall of silence that had stifled the recounting of Partition 

experiences appeared to break. Different types of recollections and articulations began to appear 

in different media along with debates and discussions. This paper studies three texts: a short 

story by Salil Choudhury titled ‘The Dressing Table’ (1947) that memorialises the aftermath of the 

communal riots of 1946; a memoir by Manas Ray titled ‘Growing Up Refugee’ (2002) that 

encapsulates the sentiments of the survivors of the post-Partition violence who were forced to 

flee their homes to seek “refuge” elsewhere and a play by Helene Cixous titled L`Indiade ou 

l`Inde de leurs rêves (1987), which reflects upon “the paradoxes of fidelity” made apparent by the 

political crisis of the Partition. 

http://www.epw.org.in/epw/user/loginArticleError.jsp?hid_artid=12239 

Savyasaachi. Conflicts and Conservation 

http://www.india-seminar.com/2003/530/530%20savyasaachi.htm 

16


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Some Examples Regional Focus 

Middle-East 

Curtis, J.E., 2008.The site of Babylon today, IN I.L. Finkel and M.J. Seymour, Babylon: Myth 

and Reality, London, 213-220. 

Emberling, G., Hanson, K. (eds.), 2008. Catastrophe! The Looting and Destruction of Iraq's 

Past, Chicago. 

Flandrin, P., 2004. Le pillage de l'Irak : main basse sur la Mésopotamie, Monaco. 

Francioni, F., Lenzerini, F., 2006. The Obligation to Prevent and Avoid Destruction of 

Cultural Heritage: From Bamiyan to Iraq, in: B.T. Hoffman (ed.), Art and Cultural Heritage. Law, 

Policy and Practice, Cambridge, 28-40. 

ICCROM XXIX B 225. 

Gerstenblith, P., 2006. From Bamiyan to Baghdad: Warfare and the Preservation of 

Cultural Heritage at the Beginning of the 21st Century, Georgetown Journal of International 

Law 37, 245ff. 

http://cnes.cla.umn.edu/courses/archaeology/5014/Gersenblith2006.html 

Hamilakis, Y., 2003. Iraq, stewardship and ‘the record’: an ethical crisis 

for archaeology, Public Archaeology 3/2: 104-111. 

McGuire, G., 2009. Culture as afterthought : US planning and non-planning in the invasion 

of Iraq, Conservation and management of archaeological sites 11, 333-339. 

The devastation of cultural heritage in the 2003 war, epitomised by the looting of the Iraq National 

Museum, was almost universal. Institutes of art, music, dance, theatre, folklore, crafts, etc., were 

looted as thoroughly as the museums in Baghdad, Mosul and Babylon. The minor effort at 

planning for heritage protection, carried out as part of the Future of Iraq Project in the US State 

Department, had little or no effect since all the efforts of the project were ignored by the Pentagon. 

It is gradually being recognised that there was almost no planning of any kind beyond the 

invasion itself. One approach to the Pentagon resulted in the adding of thousands of 

archaeological sites and museums to the no-strike list, on which were already numerous 

mosques and standing monuments in cities, but the emphasis on protecting these places from 

indigenous looters was not part of the plans. Inadequate force levels dictated priorities for 

securing certain installations, such as oil-related industry, but even banks and ministries were 

allowed to be looted. Had scholars been able to get across the long-term central role of 

antiquities for Iraq's economic future, perhaps some protection might have been given. Culture 

was held in such disregard by American planners that it was subcontracted to the Italians, who 

did in fact make real efforts to halt looting in the Dhi Qar province. Meanwhile, the rest of the 

provinces in southern Iraq were being, and are being, looted on an industrial scale. Only the 

information that some parts of the resistance are being funded through sales of antiquities is 

making the occupying forces think about halting the looting or at least the chain of smuggling out 

of the country. 

O’Connell, M.E., 2004. Occupation failures and the legality of armed conflict: the case of 

Iraqi property, Art Antiquity and Law 9. 

Pharès, J. 2003. The National Museum of Lebanon in Beirut. Museum International,Volume 55, 

Issue 3-4, 38–43. 

Polk, M., Schuster, M.H., 2005. The Looting of the Iraq Museum, Baghdad: 

17


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

the Lost Legacy of Ancient Mesopotamia, New York. 

Stone, E., 2008. ‘Patterns of looting in southern Iraq’, Antiquity 82: 125-138. 

Stone, P.G., 2005. The identification and protection of cultural 

heritage during the Iraq conflict: a peculiarly English tale, Antiquity 

79: 933-943. 

Stone, P.G., Farchakh Bajjaly, J. (eds.), 2009. The Destruction of Cultural Heritage in Iraq, 

Woodbridge. 

Discussion of the issues surrounding the destruction of cultural property in times of conflict has 

become a key issue for debate around the world. This book provides an historical statement as of 

1st March 2006 concerning the destruction of the cultural heritage in Iraq. In a series of chapters 

it outlines the personal stories of a number of individuals who were - and in most cases continue 

to be - involved. These individuals are involved at all levels, and come from various points along 

the political spectrum, giving a rounded and balanced perspective so easily lost in single authored 

reports. It also provides the first views written by Iraqis on the situation of archaeology in Iraq 

under Saddam and an overview and contextualisation of the issues surrounding the looting, theft 

and destruction of the archaeological sites, the Iraqi National museum and the libraries in 

Baghdad since the war was launched in 2003. Beyond this, it examines our attitudes towards the 

preservation of cultural and heritage resources and, in particular, the growing political awareness 

of their importance. Although related to a single conflict, taking place at a specific time in history, 

the relevance of this work goes far beyond these self-imposed boundaries. 

Stone, P.G., Protecting cultural heritage in times of conflict : lessons from Iraq, in: 

Archaeologies: journal of the World Archaeological Congress, Vol. 5, N. 1, April (2009), p. 32-38. 

ICCROM Per. International 68 

Van Ess, M., and Curtis, J.E. (eds.), 2009. Final Report on Damage Assessment in Babylon 

(Paris, UNESCO). 

Afghanistan 

Ball, Warwick (ed.), 2008. The monuments of Afghanistan: history, archaeology, 

architecture, London. 

ICCROM VIII B Afghanistan 5 

The Monuments of Afghanistan presents a complete survey of this remarkable land and its legacy, 

documenting all of the major as well as many lesser-known monuments and buildings that have 

since been lost or damaged. 

Cruickshank, D., Vincent, D., 2003. People, Places and Treasures under Fire in Afghanistan, 

Iraq and Israel, London. 

Grissmann, C., 2003. The Inventory of the Kabul Museum: Attempts at Restoring Order. 

Museum International, Volume 55, Issue 3-4, December 2003, 71–76. 

Haxthausen, L. and Williams, J., 2003. International Cooperation in Afghanistan: Strategies, 

funding and Modalities of Action. Museum International, Volume 55, Issue 3-4, December 

2003, 84–90. 

Hiebert, F., and Cambon, P. (eds.), 2011. Afghanistan: Crossroads of the Ancient 

World (London, British Museum Press). 

ICOMOS, 2010. Heritage at risk : ICOMOS world report 2008-2010 on monuments and sites 

in danger, Berlin. 

ICCROM VIII A 393/9 

18


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Meharry, J., 2011. Looting Afghanistan’s cultural heritage. A conversation with Abdul 

Wasey Ferozi, 

http://www.savingantiquities.org/feature_page.php?featureID=16 

Simpson, S.J., 2011. Afghanistan. A Cultural History, London. 

Tavernise, S., 2009. ‘Returned artifacts displayed in Kabul’, New York 

Times 6 October 

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/17/world/asia/07afghan.html 

The destruction of our cultural heritage: examples of visual documentation from Iraq, 

Afghanistan and Croatia, Philadelphia 2005 (visual resource). 

Field Trips 

Church of San Giorgio al Velabro 

Anon, 2002. La chiesa di San Giorgio in Velabro a Roma: storia, documenti, testimonianze 

del restauro dopo l'attentato del luglio 1993. Bollettino d'arte, Volume speciale, 1-196. 

ICCROM: Shelf no. Per. Italie 4 

Porzio, P.L., 1996. S. Giorgio in Velabro: notizie e dati preliminari sull'intervento di 

restauro a seguito dell'attentato del luglio 1993. Ricerche di storia dell'arte, N. 60, 32-47. 


Vivio, B., 2004, Il progetto, tra composizione architettonica e restauro: riflessioni sul 

restauro della chiesa di San Giorgio in Velabro. Arkos: scienza e restauro dell'architettura, 

Anno 5, N. 5, 21-29. 


In June 2003, a special issue of Bolletino d’Arte was published on the restoration of the Church of 

San Giorgio in Velabro, which had been damaged by a bombing in 1993 attributed to the Sicilian 

mafia. At that time, the restoration group decided to rebuild the church to appear exactly as it had 

prior to the catastrophe. Now, after evaluating the project’s intervention, the importance of making 

the presence of modern restoration interventions visible has become evident. Usually 

reconstructions carried out as a consequence of war destructions, natural disasters and neglect 

serve to strengthen a common identity, otherwise the intervention results in aesthetic, historical, 

and conceptual confusion. The language of reintegration deserves much consideration as the 

concept of mimesis (being able to distinguish modern interventions) may have positive or 

negative results. The heart of the matter is to preserve the relationship between a work and its 

context, and to avoid transforming memories of the past into isolated wonders or incoherent 

remains. 

L’Aquila 

Modena, R. et ali 2009. L’Aquila 6th April 2009 Earthquake: Emergency and Postemergency 

Activities on Cultural Heritage Buildings In: Geotechnical, 1, Volume 17, 

Earthquake Engineering in Europe, Part 6, Pages 495-521. 

Rossl, S., 2010. L’Aquila Earthquake: which future for the city? I-Rec Conference 

‘Participatory Design and Appropriate Technology for Post-Disaster Reconstruction,’ Ahmedabad, 

India 

19


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Useful links 

- Resources on coordination of the humanitarian response in emergency 

http://oneresponse.info 

- All information regarding financial flows in humanitarian field 

http://www.globalhumanitarianassistance.org/ 

- UN Website devoted to Humanitarian Action 

http://www.reliefweb.int 

- The most widely recognized set of principles for humanitarian action 

http://www.ifrc.org/publicat/conduct/code.asp 

- Leading Think-tank in humanitarian policy 

http://www.odi.org.uk/work/programmes/humanitarian-policy-group/ 

- Website devoted to monitoring the 23 Principles of Good Humanitarian Assistance agreed in 

Stockholm in 2003 

http://www.goodhumanitariandonorship.org/ 

-Tufts University of Medford with an entire department devoted to humanitarian assistance and 

future challenges 

https://wikis.uit.tufts.edu/confluence/display/FIC/Feinstein+International+Center 

- Best practices and learning within the humanitarian system 

http://www.alnap.org/ 

- Leading free web-based journal of Humanitarian Assistance 

http://jha.ac/ 

- Summary of 2005 ICCROM conference on the role of Cultural Heritage in Postwar Recovery 

http://www.iccrom.org/pdf/ICCROM_ICS06_CulturalHeritagePostwar_en.pdf 

-Swiss PBC publications 

http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/fr/home/themen/kgs/publikationen_kgs/foru 

m.html 

-Official inventory of Cultural property 

http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar.htm 

-Forum Archaeologiae 

http://farch.net/ 

-Glass glossary 

http://www.cmog.org/dynamic.aspx?id=262 

-AIC disaster response & recovery 

http://www.conservation- 

Us.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=Page.viewPage&pageId=593&parentID=472 

-ALA American Library Association 

http://www.ala.org/ala/alalibrary/libraryfactsheet/alalibraryfactsheet10.htm 

20


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

http://www.ala.org/ala/lita/litaevents/litaannual2003/disasterrecovery.htm 

http://www.ala.org/ala/pla/plapubs/technotes/disasterplanning.htm 

http://www.ala.org/ala/acrl/acrlpubs/crlnews/backissues2002/novmonth/crisisdisaster.htm 

-American Red Cross 

http://www.redcross.org/ 

http://www.arc-monroe.org/disaster/disaster.html 

http://www.redcross.org/museum/ 

-AMIGOS Amigos Library Services 

http://www.amigos.org/ 

www.amigos.org/preservation/disasterplan.pdf 

http://www.amigos.org/preservation/bibdis.html 

-Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre 

http://www.adpc.net/general/regional.html 

http://www.adpc.net/ 

-Australian Museum Online 

http://www.amonline.net.au/materials_conservation/projects/disaster/ 

http://www.amonline.net.au/materials_conservation/projects/disaster/preparation.htm 

-ICBS International Committee of the Blue Shield 

http://www.ifla.org/blueshield.htm 

-Canadian Centre for Emergency Preparedness 

http://www.ccep.ca/ 

http://www.wcdm.org/ 

-Centre de Conservation du Québec 

http://www.ccq.mcc.gouv.qc.ca/ 

http://www.ccq.mcc.gouv.qc.ca/publications/information.htm 

-Centro Universitario Europeo per i Beni Culturali 

http://www.cuebc.amalficoast.it/ 

http://www.cuebc.amalficoast.it/16.htm 

-COE Council of Europe Programme EUR-OPA 

http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural%5FCo%2Doperation/Disasters 

http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Cooperation/Disasters/Activities/Network_of_Specialized_Euro- 

Mediterranean_Centres// 

-Conservation Centre for Art and Historic Artefacts 

http://www.ccaha.org/ 

http://www.ccaha.org/disaster.html 

http://www.ccaha.org/publications.html 

-CoOL Conservation OnLine 

http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/ 

http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/bytopic/disasters/plans/ 

21


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

-CRED Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disaster Catholic University of Louvain 

http://www.cred.be/ 

http://www.cred.be/emdat/intro.htm 

-Development gateway 

http://www.developmentgateway.org/ 

-CCI Canadian Conservation Institute 

https://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/html/ 

https://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/learningopportunities/workshops/emerg_e.shtml 

-ECHO European Commission’s Humanitarian Aid Office 

http://europa.eu.int/comm/echo/index_en.htm 

-European Centre on Urban Risks 

http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural%5FCo%2Doperation/Disasters/Activities/Network_of_Specialized 

_Euro-Mediterranean_Centres 

-Cultural Heritage and the Re-construction of Identities after Conflict 

http://www.cric.arch.cam.ac.uk/index.php 

CRIC Identity and Conflict 

-GCI Getty Conservation Institute 

http://www.getty.edu/ 

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/public_programs/conferences/emergency.html 

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/education/disaster.html 

-The Heritage Emergency National Task Force 

http://www.heritagepreservation.org/ 

-Disaster Research Centre 

http://www.udel.edu/DRC/ 

http://www.udel.edu/DRC/drci.html 

-ICOM International Council of Museums 

http://icom.museum/risk_management.html 

http://icom.museum/mep.html 

http://icom.museum/disaster_relief 

-ICOMOS International Council on Monuments and Sites 

www.icomos.org 

http://www.international.icomos.org/risk/risk2000.htm 

http://www.international.icomos.org/risk/2001/ifla2001.htm 

-IFLA International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions 

http://www.ifla.org/ 

http://www.ifla.org/VI/4/admin/emergcy.htm 

-Istituto Centrale per il Restauro 

http://www.icr.beniculturali.it/rischio/rischio00e.htm 

-Library Preservation Harvard University 

22


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

http://preserve.harvard.edu/resources/disaster/index.html 

-Museum Security Network 

http://www.museum-security.org/ 

http://www.museum-security.org/indexdefinitief.html 

-Museum Store Association 

http://www.museumdistrict.com/ 

-Museumstuff 

http://www.museumstuff.com 

http://www.museumstuff.com/professionals/disaster_preparedness/ 

-National Library of Australia 

http://www.nla.gov.au/policy/disaster/disact1.html 

-National Library of Canada 

http://www.archives.ca 

www.archives.ca/ICA 

http://www.archives.ca/04/0418_e.html 

http://www.archives.ca/04/041802_e.html 

-Prince Claus Fund 

http://www.princeclausfund.nl/source_eng/news/index_2003_irak.html 

http://www.princeclausfund.nl/source_eng/news/ 

-SOLINET Southeastern Library Network Preservation Service 

http://www.solinet.net/preservation/ 

-UNESCO; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 

http://www.unesco.org 

http://www.unesco.org/Webworld/archives/sro_citra/ 

http://www.unesco.org/Webworld/portal_archives/pages/Preservation_and_Conservation/Disaster 

_Preparedness_and_Recovery/index.shtml 

http://www.unesco.org/science/earthsciences/disaster/disasteractivitiespresent.htm 

-The Detroit Institute of Arts Disaster Resource Center 

http://www.dia.org/statewideservices/disaster1.html 

http://www.dia.org/statewideservices/disaster2.html 

-UMCA Upper Midwest Conservation Association 

http://www.preserveart.org/ 

-Website Conservation on line 

http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/bytopic/disasters 

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